• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.58-65
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• 1991

The effect of habitual alcohol consumption on the nutrient intake. body weight and serum values were studied in 194 upper middle class men aged 35-55yr. living in Seoul. Each subject was interviewed to get information of alcohol and nutrients intake. Blood samples were taken. Mean values for each variable were compared by fertile of alcohol intake. The average alcohol consumption of the subject was 32.2g/day. Most of times foods were taken along with drinks. The subjects preferred food items such as meat. fish, nuts. dry fishes when they drink. High alcohol consumers had a significantly higher intake of calorie. protein, fat. Fe, and riboflavin compared to nondrinkers and moderate drinkers. Body weight was significantly higher in high alcohol drinkers followed by moderate and nondrinker groups. They also showed the higher serum values of triglyceride and r-GTP. High alcohol consumption resulted in an increased intakes of most nutrients especially calorie and fat which leads to higher body weight and higher serum concentrations of triglyceride and r-GTP. Therefore it seems that heavy alcohol drinkers are more prone to obesity and related chronic diseases.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.465-476
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• 2000

This study was performed to investigate the frequency of dairy beverage consumption and factors which affect the dairy beverage consumption of women. The subjects were 1,012 females living in Seoul. They preferred milk, yakult. flavored milk, liquid yogurt, semi-solid yogurt, and low fat milk in order of frequency. The consumption of the dairy beverage was not related to season. The respondents knew that the dairy beverages were nutritious and good for their health. More than fifty percent of them answered that dairy beverages tasted good. The consumption of milk and yakult were related with their occupation, habitual aspect, and practical factors. The consumption of liquid yogurt was affected by their family income, habitual aspect, practical factors and familarity with that beverage. The consumption of semi-solid yogurt was affected by their family income, health status, habitual aspect, and practical factors. The consumption of most beverages were affected by the recognition of those beverages rather than by socio-demographic factors. In order to enough drink dairy beverage, nutritional education messages should encourage consumption of dairy beverages. Policies that make students access dairy beverages at school should be promoted.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.4939-4944
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• 2016

Background: An upward trend has been noted for the incidence of prostate cancer (PCa) in Vietnam, but information is limited on modifiable factors associated with this form of cancer. This case-control study was conducted to ascertain any relationship between habitual tea consumption and PCa risk. Materials and Methods: Two hundred and fifty-three incident patients with histologically confirmed PCa and 419 (340 community-based and 79 hospital-based) controls, matched by age, were recruited in Ho Chi Minh City during 2013-2015. Information on frequency, quantity and duration of tea consumption, together with demographics, habitual diet and lifestyle characteristics, was obtained by direct interviews using a validated questionnaire. Logistic regression analyses were performed to assess associations between tea consumption variables and PCa risk. Results: The control subjects reported higher tea consumption levels in terms of cumulative exposure, frequency and quantity of tea drank than the PCa patients. After accounting for confounding factors, increasing tea consumption was found to be associated with reduced risk of PCa. The adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) were 0.52 (95% CI 0.35-0.79) and 0.30 (95% CI 0.18-0.48) for participants drinking 100-500 ml/day and > 500 ml/day, respectively, relative to those drinking < 100 ml/day. Significant inverse dose-response relationships were also observed for years of drinking and number of cups consumed daily (P <0.01). Conclusion: Habitual tea consumption is associated with a reduced risk of PCa in Vietnamese men.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.398-412
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• 2000

The purposes of this study are : (a) to investigate the attitude to various coffee and tea of women, (b) to analyze the characteristics of each classified group according to eating frequency, and (c) to abstract the factors which can influence the consumption of coffee and tea. Questionnaires were hand delivered to 1,200 women residing in Seoul. A total of 1012 was usable: resulting in 84% response rate. Statistical data analysis was completed using SAS Package program for the one way-analysis of variance(ANOVA), Duncan's multiple comparison test, factor analysis and analysis of covariance (ANOCOVA). (a) Instant coffee was most consumed(22.1 times a month), green tea in tea bag(8.7), Donggulre tea(8.3), Coffee (72) in order of frequency. Among Korean traditional tea Donggulre tea(8.3) and Yuja tea (2.0) were most prefered but still a minute quantity of Korean traditional tea was enjoyed. (b) Coffee and Black tea was regarded unhealthful but habitual, delicious and familiar beverage. Green tea was regarded good for health but not so habitual, practical and familiar. The consumer awareness can be grouped into 3 clases : Healthy factor, Habitual Practical factor, Familiar factor. (c) The sociodemographic characteristics of women influenced the beverage consumption. Women in their 30s and 40s consumed much of instant coffee and coffee. 10s and 20s consumed much of canned coffee. Working women drank much of instant coffee and green tea in tea bag. Women in highest income group$({\geq}\;4,000,000\;won/month)$ consumed much of coffee. (d) The factors which influenced the eating frquency of those beverages were various. The eating frequency of instant coffee was influenced by the age, familiar factor and habitual practical factor. And coffee were influenced by income level, habitual practical factor. The frequency of green tea in tea bag was influenced by habitual practical factor and familiar factor, green tea was influenced by healthy factor and habitual practical factor, Donggulre tea was influenced by habitual practical factor.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.789-802
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• 2023

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Habitual coffee consumption was inversely associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and hyperglycemia in observational studies, but the causality of the association remains uncertain. This study tested a causal association of genetically predicted coffee consumption with T2D using the Mendelian randomization (MR) method. SUBJECTS/METHODS: We used five single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as instrumental variables (IVs) associated with habitual coffee consumption in a previous genome-wide association study among Koreans. We analyzed the associations between IVs and T2D, fasting blood glucose (FBG), 2h-postprandial glucose (2h-PG), and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1C) levels. The MR results were further evaluated by standard sensitivity tests for possible pleiotropism. RESULTS: MR analysis revealed that increased genetically predicted coffee consumption was associated with a reduced prevalence of T2D; ORs per one-unit increment of log-transformed cup per day of coffee consumption ranged from 0.75 (0.62-0.90) for the weighted mode-based method to 0.79 (0.62-0.99) for Wald ratio estimator. We also used the inverse-variance-weighted method, weighted median-based method, MR-Egger method, and MR-PRESSO method. Similarly, genetically predicted coffee consumption was inversely associated with FBG and 2h-PG levels but not with HbA1c. Sensitivity measures gave similar results without evidence of pleiotropy. CONCLUSIONS: A genetic predisposition to habitual coffee consumption was inversely associated with T2D prevalence and lower levels of FBG and 2h-PG profiles. Our study warrants further exploration.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.626-642
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• 2018

Recently, a number of studies have drawn attention to purchasing online game items. Most of the studies are based on the assumption that consumers behave rationally. Accordingly, TRA- or value-based approaches have been mainly employed to understand the online purchases of game items. However, the purchasing behavior of consumers involves not only making rational decisions, but also making irrational decisions. Hence, their purchase behavior is affected by propensities for conspicuous consumption, impulsive consumption, and habitual consumption. Playing games can be highly addictive, and players often display such addictive behaviors. Our study explored both the rational and irrational factors in purchase behavior to understand how they are associated with purchasing game items. A total of 366 pieces of data were collected from Korean online game users through a survey. Regression analyses of the collected data showed that the behavior of buying game items was influenced not only by the intention to purchase which is a rational factor in consumption, but also by such irrational factors as habit, impulse, and ostentation which should be further emphasized in future studies.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.63-72
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• 2002

This study was conducted to (a) investigate the frequency of Korean beverage consumption, (b) analyze the characteristics of socio-demographically classified group according to drinking frequency, (c) investigate the attitude for and awareness of Korean beverage and (d) analyze the factors which influence Korean beverage consumption. The survey was carried out by self-administered questionnaires with 2,200 subjects residing in Seoul. A total of 1,885 samples were used for analysis by using t-test, one way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Duncan's multiple comparison test, factor analysis, and analysis of covariance (ANOCOVA) with SAS computer program. Among various Korean beverage, Donggulre tea was consumed most frequently at an average of 7.4 times per month, and followed by rice beverage, Mi Su, Citron tea, Shick Hae and canned Shick Hae. Among the age groups, the group of 20s showed the lowest frequency of Korean beverage consumption exempt rice beverage. According to occupation group, middle and high school and college student groups showed a high frequency of consumption of cereal based drink such as rice beverage, Mi Su and Yulmu tea. The behavior examination aimed at learning the perceptions relevant to the choice of beverage showed that the subjects believe Korean beverage healthful and nutritious but not familiar through advertisement, not easy to buy, and not to be a habitual drink. The factors influencing the frequency of Korean beverage consumption were shown as health-related factors and habitual/practical factors.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.424-431
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to analyze and evaluate the key success factors for the fast food industry in the region of Lahore Pakistan. Fast food concept developed very speedily in the last few years in Lahore region. The success or failure of a fast food industry based on some factors like Physical environment, Brand-name, Food quality, Price, Taste, Promotional activity, Habitual consumption, Health threats, Consumer expectation, and Family meal. To identify which of these factors has a greater influence on consumer satisfaction, four fast food restaurants such as McDonald's, PIZZA HUT, KFC, and subway were targeted randomly. The proposed research is quantitative in nature and for data collection; a random sampling technique was used. A questionnaire survey answered by 273 people was considered in this research. Data have been analyzed through statistical techniques. It is observed that Brand name, Food quality, Physical environment, Health threats, Price, Family meals, Habitual consumption, and Consumer expectation showed significant impacts on Fast food industry compared to other factors evaluated herein.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.2723-2729
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• 2013

Background: To investigate the internal validity of a food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) developed for use in Chinese women and to compare habitual dietary intakes between population and hospital controls measured by the FFQ. Materials and Methods: A quantitative FFQ and a short food habit questionnaire (SFHQ) were developed and adapted for cancer and nutritional studies. Habitual dietary intakes were assessed in 814 Chinese women aged 18-81 years (407 outpatients and 407 population controls) by face-to-face interview using the FFQ in Shenyang, Northeast China in 2009-2010. The Goldberg formula (ratio of energy intake to basal metabolic rate, EI/BMR) was used to assess the validity of the FFQ. Correlation analyses compared the SFHQ variables with those of the quantitative FFQ. Differences in dietary intakes between hospital and population controls were investigated. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were obtained using conditional logistic regression analyses. Results: The partial correlation coefficients were moderate to high (0.42 to 0.80; all p<0.05) for preserved food intake, fat consumption and tea drinking variables between the SFHQ and the FFQ. The average EI/BMR was 1.93 with 88.5% of subjects exceeding the Goldberg cut-off value of 1.35. Hospital controls were comparable to population controls in consumption of 17 measured food groups and mean daily intakes of energy and selected nutrients. Conclusions: The FFQ had reasonable validity to measure habitual dietary intakes of Chinese women. Hospital outpatients provide a satisfactory control group for food consumption and intakes of energy and nutrients measured by the FFQ in a Chinese hospital setting.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.195-217
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• 2018

Inaction inertia effect refers to the phenomenon wherein people who missed attractive opportunities in the past do not take any action when they are given the opportunity to receive discounts (sale). The main objective of this study was to find out how such inaction inertia effect influenced the expected regret from the action, expected regret from inaction, and purchase intention depending on the two types of consumption purposes-for pleasure and for practical use. As the personal disposition of each consumer differs from one another, it was expected that habitual purchase behavior and maximization behavior would influence the inaction inertia. An experiment was thus conducted by using a scenario to satisfy the objective of this study. Results showed that in the case of consumers whose consumption purpose was for pleasure, those who habitually purchased the same brand showed a higher level of expected regret from the action and expected regret from inaction. In the case of maximization behavior, no differences were found in the expected regret from the action between practical consumption purpose and pleasurable consumption purpose. On the other hand, differences were found in the level of expected regret from inaction, which is the case wherein consumers who missed their first opportunity to receive discounts (sale) did not make any purchase on their second opportunity for discounts (sale). Thus, inaction inertia was shown in accordance with habitual purchase behavior in the case of consumption purpose for pleasure, but it was not clearly shown in the case of consumption for practical use. This is because there is a relatively low level of justification on consumption, in the case of consumption for practical use. On the other hand, it was found that consumers with maximization behavior felt a stronger sense of regret in the case of their expected regret for inaction in consumption for practical use than in consumption for pleasure. Also, with regard to purchase intention, it turned out that only consumers with pleasurable consumption purpose had purchase intentions. Through these study results, it would be necessary to consider the consumption purpose behind the purchase of products or services, with regard to inaction inertia, depending on personal dispositions. In accordance with these study results, several theoretical and practical implications were discussed.