• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제108권2호
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• pp.189-199
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• 2019

최근 수입 생산을 목표로 한 산림관리에서 생태계 관리를 목표로 하는 산림관리로 패러다임 전환이 진행되고 있으며, 이에 따라 자연 친화력이 높은 천연갱신법이 근래에 들어 주목을 받고 있다. 본 연구는 소나무림을 대상으로 각종 환경인자와 하층식생, 갱신 치수와의 상관관계를 구명하고자 수행하였다. 조사구의 설치는 선상조사법을 이용하여 총 50개소를 설치하였으며, 조사된 자료를 갱신치수량과 밀접한 관계성을 보인 토양습도에 따라 습지(19개소), 건조지(31개소)로 구분하여 분석하였다. 그 결과, 높은 갱신량을 보인 건조지(157,419본/ha)에서는 졸참나무, 초피나무, 청미래덩굴, 칡 등이 주요 종으로 나타났으며, 낮은 갱신량을 보인 습지(57,895본/ha)에서는 국수나무, 밤나무, 조록싸리, 까치수염, 두릅나무, 때죽나무 등이 주요종으로 나타났다. 치수고와 근원경 발달의 분석결과 습지가 건조지에 비해 생장속도가 빨랐으며, 근원경 대비 수고 생장속도는 건조지가 습지에 비해 빠른 것으로 나타났다. 습지에서 갱신치수는 발아한 후 5년이 경과했을 때 급격한 생장량을 나타내는 것으로 확인되었다. 이는 갱신 치수가 주변 식생과의 경쟁 등 생육환경에 적응할 수 있는 능력을 갖추게 되면 급격한 생장을 이루는 것으로 판단되므로, 습한 지역에서의 천연갱신 시업 초기에는 건조한 지역에 비하여 풀베기 작업 등의 관리를 보다 집약적으로 수행하여야 할 것으로 판단되었다.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.63-70
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 가평천을 대상으로 저서성 대형무척추동물 서식처의 수리 특성을 조사하였다. 각각의 무리들 중에서 대표적인 종은, 붙는 무리는 두점하루살이, 헤엄치는 무리는 두갈래하루살이, 굴파는 무리는 깔따구, 기는 무리는 바수염날 도래이었다. 저서성 대형무척추동물은 유속과 수심, 하상의 재료 등 하천의 수리학적 특성에 따라 다른 종류의 무리들이 서식하는 것으로 관찰되었다. 헤엄치는 무리는 수심이나 하상 재료보다는 주로 유속에 의하여 그 서식 상태가 결정되었고, 0.15~0.36 m/s에서 서식하였다. 굴파는 무리는 하상 재료가 모래나 실트인 곳을 선호하고 하상 또는 바로 상부에서 서식하였다. 기는 무리는 하상 재료가 주로 자갈이나 호박돌인 곳을 선호하고 유속이 0.05~0.15 m/s에서 서식하였다. 붙는 무리는 하상재료가 조약돌이나 자갈인 곳을 선호하고 유속이 0.06~0.15 m/s에서 서식하였다. 각 무리별 서식처의 수리 특성이 달라지지만, 일반적으로 저서성 대형 무척추동물은 유속에 의해 서식 상태가 달라진다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.137-144
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• 2010

There is a host of habitat assessment systems available to evaluate and grade tidal flat ecosystems in Korea. Nevertheless, we recognize the need to develop a better ecological scheme to improve reliability and accuracy given the importance of using an empirical approach in assigning grades to indicators and the limitation of current systems which evaluate tidal flats on a regional basis. A preferable system would be one that enables habitat mapping within a tidal flat, provides a diagnosis of ecological stress/health, has a high level of ecological relevance, communicability, and statistical robustness, and enables evaluation of diverse habitats within a tidal flat. The following points should be considered in framing such a system. Indicators should discriminate habitat quality into five to seven grades accomodating diverse characteristics and conservation value of a habitat, and the grading should be made from frequency distribution of indicators based on nationwide data.We suggest the following tasks in crafting such a system: i) The decision on selection of indicators should be made based on accuracy of assessment and practical application; ii) effects of physical habitat conditions on variability of indicators should be reflected; and, iii) further works on stress/health indicators should be addressed for adopting a multiple-indicator approach which reduces misdiagnosis.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.207-215
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• 2011

In order to establish fundamental data for stream restoration and environmental flow, we investigated physical habitat conditions of Korean chub (Zacco koreanus) in the typical streams of Han River. Field monitoring including fish sampling was conducted from September 2008 to April 2010. A total number of fish caught in the 8 sites was 3,421 representing 8 families 31 species, and 17 species (54.8%) including Korean shinner (Coreoleuciscus splendidus) and Z. koreanus were Korean endemic species during the study period. The most frequently found species in number was pale chub (Z. platypus, 25.7%) followed by Z. koreanus (22.8%) and Microphysogobio longidorsalis (16.8%). Numbers of Z. Koreanus ranged from 8 to 10 cm of total length were the highest in size distribution of their population in all sites. They were widely found in ranges of flow velocity (0.2~0.9 m/sec, 89.6%), water depth (0.3~0.9 m, 91.6%), and different types of substrates except for silt, and they tended to prefer run (58.1%) and riffle (33.7%) with cobble bed (47.0%) microhabitat. Most of upper streams in Korea consist of riffles and runs that are repeatedly followed by another one. However, stream channelization and leveling have caused reduction of habitat diversity. Therefore, it is necessary to make an effort on stream rehabilitation with evaluation of physical habitat condition by indicator species in order to maintain biodiversity and perform ecological restoration.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.156-163
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• 2008

This study was to introduce a methodology of ecological health assessment for efficient management and to provide some diagnostic results of the survey. We evaluated ecological health assessment at five sampling locations of Sikjang Mountainous Stream using the index of biological integrity (IBI) and Qualitative Habitat Evaluation Index (QHEI) during May - October 2006. The health condition, based on the IBI model, averaged 32 and varied from 27 to 37 depending on the sampling sites. Thus, the stream health was judged as "good" to "fair" conditions. IBI values showed slight differences between upstream and downstream sites. Whereas, QHEI values varied from 75 (fair condition) to 196 (excellent condition) and QHEI at St. 4~5, indicating the downstream reach had significantly lower than the headwater site (St.1). Regression analyses also showed that QHEI values had a linear decrease from the headwater to downstream. This result indicated that habitat quality was rapidly degradated by human influence. Overall, data of IBI and QHEI suggested that the stream health was maintained well in the present but the habitat and biological quality were partially degradated in the downstream. So, the human interference should be minimized to protect the downstream environment.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.27-30
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• 2016

Background : This text was conducted to evaluate the distribution, shape characteristics and habitat condition of Crypsinus hastatus in Buyeo Korea. Methods and Results : In Buyeo, Crypsinus hastatus was distributed at an altitude of 31.2 m, a slope of 82.5% and a distance from river water of 27.2 m. The leaf blade was oblong, 2.7 cm long, 1.2 cm wide with a petiole length of 2.3 cm. The total population comprised 2,100 individuals, with the highest proportion being individuals with a leaf blade of length 0.5 - 1 cm. The temperature and light intensity of the growth point were lower, but the humidity higher, than that of growth around. The chemical properties of the soil were as follows: pH 4.42, organic matter 77.99 g/kg, electrical conductivity 0.50 dS/m, nitrate nitrogen 20.50 mg/kg and available phosphate 165.7 mg/kg. Exchangeable cation content of potassium, magnesium, sodium and calcium was 0.35, 0.70, 0.09 and $2.04cmol^+/kg$, respectively. Conclusions : In Buyeo, Crypsinus hastatus was distributed in $5.3m^2$ area of Nakhwaam, Naeseongri and Jeongamri. However, the population of the medicinal resources seemed to decrease owing to the poor environmental conditions of the habitat.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제21권8호
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• pp.28.1-28.12
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• 2018

Intertidal macroalgae are exposed to many abiotic stress factors, and they must regularly react to changes in their environment. We used RNA-seq to describe how Porphyra umbilicalis (Rhodophyta) changes gene expression patterns to interact with different habitats. Tissue samples were taken from a typical habitat along the open-coast of the Northwest Atlantic, as well as from a rare, atypical habitat in an estuarine tidal rapid environment. Differential gene expression analyses suggest that pathogic bacteria and viruses may be a significant factor influencing the transcriptome in the human-impacted estuarine environment, but the atypical habitat does not necessarily induce more stress in Porphyra umbilicalis growing there. We found genes related to nitrogen transport are over-expressed in tissue from the open-coastal site compared to those from the estuarine site, where environmental N levels approach hypertrophic levels. Low N levels impede growth, but high levels are toxic to cells, and we use qPCR to show this species regulates expression of a putative high-affinity $NH_4{^+}$ transporter under low and high N conditions. Differences in expression of this transporter in these habitats appear to be inherited from parent to offspring and have general implications for adaptation to habitat in other species that are capable of asexual reproduction, as well as more specific implications for this species' use in aquaculture.

• Proceedings of the National Institute of Ecology of the Republic of Korea
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2022

Among the 13 species of otters in the world, only one Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra) is found in South Korea. In the Korean Peninsula, otter pelts were historically valuable and expensive commodities used for international trade, and otters have long been poached as hunting animals. Recent rapid economic development in South Korea has increased habitat fragmentation and loss, creating a continuing threat to the natural environment. Otters live only in the area of rivers and streams as a family group and are territorial (linear habitat). Due to these limited conditions of otter habitat, the population size of otter is lower than that of onshore mammals. According to recent research, DNA analyses using microsatellite markers have shown that only approximately 7-21 otter individuals inhabit river systems for a length of 50-230 km. Korea's urban streams are associated with many threats that hinder otters from inhabiting them. Many areas around the urban streams are surrounded by high concrete riverbanks, and the risk of roadkill is also high. Nevertheless, ecological restoration projects in the urban rivers will contribute greatly to the stable inhabitation of otters. Detailed otter conservation strategies, such as the elimination of threat factors, improvement of habitat environment, and restoration of food resources and shelter, will provide a positive restoration effect on otter and river ecosystems as well.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.395-401
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• 2023

In this study, 12 environmental factors were used to evaluate the potential habitat of Pteromys volans living around some development areas. The analyzed value ranged from 0 to 20.1, and the area with a score of 10 or less was analyzed to have a low possibility of inhabiting Pteromys volans. To verify the analyzed results, a field survey was conducted on areas with 10 or more scores, and traces of habitat of Pteromys volans were confirmed in areas with 16 or more scores. All the areas with an evaluation score of 16 or higher showed high crown density and age class. However, despite the high crown density and age class, the evaluation score in some areas was low owing to the influence of other environmental factors. Therefore, in evaluating Pteromys volans habitats, it is necessary to apply various and complex criteria suitable for field conditions rather than applying uniform and fragmentary environmental factors only.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제31권6B호
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• pp.565-575
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• 2011

본 연구는 다변수 접근방식인 서식지평가 정성지수(Qualitative Habitat Evaluation Index, QHEI)와 생물보전지수(Index of Biological Integrity, IBI)의 적용방법 도입과 어류 서식 및 피신처 확보용 인공구조물인 방틀둠벙의 정량적인 평가를 목적으로 하였다. 또한, 안동시 남후면 하아리에 소재한 한국건설기술연구원 수자원 환경실험센터의 실외 실험장을 활용하여 실규모로 생물 평가와 검증을 실시하였다. 본 평가기법의 적용을 위해 구성한 실험수로 및 방틀둠벙 시설은 국내 하천의 조건을 최대한 반영하여 조성하였으며, 흐름상태와 정체상태로 구분하여 유속 $0.0{\sim}1.5m\;s^{-1}$, 폭 1.0~3.0 m, 수심 0.05~0.70 m, 다양한 하상재료를 조성하여 2010년 5월~12월의 8개월간 모니터링 하였다. QHEI는 실험수로의 E~F지점이 평균 83.1로 가장 높게 나타났고, B~C지점에서 78.1로 가장 낮게 나타났다. 하지만 방틀둠벙은 시 공간적 구분 없이 98.9 이상의 값을 나타내어 전체 지점 중 가장 높은 양호상태(Good)의 서식처 조건을 유지하였다. IBI는 전반적으로 QHEI와 비슷한 패턴을 나타내었으나 겨울 갈수기에 양호상태(Good)인 44.2를 보여 32.8을 나타낸 실험수로와 비교되었다. 또한, 흐름과 정체상태 조건에서 방틀둠벙의 IBI 값은 실험수로보다 각각 5.7~11.4%, 18.7~34.8% 높은 평가 값을 나타내어, 유량이 적거나 흐름이 없는 갈수기에 어류 서식처 확보 가능성을 정량적으로 시사하였다. 종합적인 수생태계 건강성 평가에서 실험하천은 보통과 양호상태(Fair~Good) 범위를 나타낸 반면, 방틀둠벙은 대부분 양호상태(Good)를 보여 수생태계 건강성 확보에 적용 가능함을 도출하였다.