• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• 제63권4호
• /
• pp.681-692
• /
• 2021

Environment, food, and disease have a selective force on the present and future as well as our genome. Adaptation of livestock and the environmental nexus, including forest encroachment for anthropological needs, has been proven to cause emerging infectious diseases. Further, these demand changes in meat production and market systems. Meat is a reliable source of protein, with a majority of the world population consumes meat. To meet the increasing demands of meat production as well as address issues, such as current environmental pollution, animal welfare, and outbreaks, cellular agriculture has emerged as one of the next industrial revolutions. Lab grown meat or cell cultured meat is a promising way to pursue this; however, it still needs to resemble traditional meat and be assured safety for human consumption. Further, to mimic the palatability of traditional meat, the process of cultured meat production starts from skeletal muscle progenitor cells isolated from animals that proliferate and differentiate into skeletal muscle using cell culture techniques. Due to several lacunae in the current approaches, production of muscle replicas is not possible yet. Our review shows that constant research in this field will resolve the existing constraints and enable successful cultured meat production in the near future. Therefore, production of cultured meat is a better solution that looks after environmental issues, spread of outbreaks, antibiotic resistance through the zoonotic spread, food and economic crises.

• 대한유전성대사질환학회지
• /
• 제5권1호
• /
• pp.18-22
• /
• 2005

저자들은 Pompe 병으로 진단된 3세 남아에 recombinant human GAA 정주를 통한 효소 보충 치료를 시행하여 운동 능력과 심기능이 호전되며 간비대도 호전된 1례를 경험하였기에 보고하는 바이다.

• 약학회지
• /
• 제45권1호
• /
• pp.108-115
• /
• 2001

We have recently reported the development of a high efficiency expression vector, pCK, which can drive a high level of gene expression in mouse skeletal muscle. In this study, we tested the therapeutic potential of pCK expressing human VEGF165, pCK-VEGF in the rabbit ischemic hind limb model. To determine the optimal dose of plasmid DNA, various concentrations of pCK-CAT were injected into the muscle of a rabbit hind limb and the levels of CAT activity were determined. It was found that the expression level of the exogenously added gene became stable between 250 and 1,000 $\mu$g. Based on this result, we tested whether intramuscular transfer of 500$\mu$g of pCK-VEGF could actually modulate collateral vessel development in a rabbit ischemic hind limb model. It was found that relative to the control group injected with the pCK lacking the VEGF sequence, single intramuscular doses (500$\mu$g) of pCK-VEGF produced statistically significant augmentation of collateral vessels as determined by the angiographic vessel count, maximal blood flow by Doppler flowmeter and the number of capillaries by histology. These results suggest that a single 500$\mu$g-delivery of pCK-VEGF is potent enough to induce sufficient angiogenic activity and achieve therapeutic benefit on this rabbit model.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• 제42권1호
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2018

Although ginseng has been shown to have an antiobesity effect, antiobesity-related mechanisms are complex and have not been completely elucidated. In the present study, we evaluated ginseng's effects on food intake, the digestion, and absorption systems, as well as liver, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle in order to identify the mechanisms involved. A review of previous in vitro and in vivo studies revealed that ginseng and ginsenosides can increase energy expenditure by stimulating the adenosine monophosphate-activated kinase pathway and can reduce energy intake. Moreover, in high fat dietinduced obese and diabetic individuals, ginseng has shown a two-way adjustment effect on adipogenesis. Nevertheless, most of the previous studies into antiobesity effects of ginseng have been animal based, and there is a paucity of evidence supporting the suggestion that ginseng can exert an antiobesity effect in humans.

• 한국운동역학회지
• /
• 제26권1호
• /
• pp.135-142
• /
• 2016

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the acute effect of walking on high heels on the behavior of fascicle length and activation of the lower limb muscles. Methods: Twelve healthy inexperienced high heel wearers (age: $23.1{\pm}2.0yr$, height: $162.4{\pm}4.9cm$, weight: $54.4{\pm}8.5kg$) participated in this study. They walked in high heels (7 cm) and barefoot on a treadmill at their preferred speed. During the gait analysis, the lower limb joint kinematics were obtained using a motion analysis system. In addition, the changes in fascicle length and the level of activation of the medial gastrocnemius (MG) were simultaneously monitored using a real-time ultrasound imaging technique and surface electromyography, respectively. Results: The results of this study show that the MG fascicle operates at a significantly shorter length in high heel walking ($37.64{\pm}8.59mm$ to $43.99{\pm}8.66mm$) in comparison with barefoot walking ($48.26{\pm}9.02mm$ to $53.99{\pm}8.54mm$) (p < .05). In addition, the MG fascicle underwent lengthening during high heel walking with relatively low muscle activation while it remained isometric during barefoot walking with relatively high muscle activation. Conclusion: Wearing high heels alters the operating range of the MG fascicle length and the pattern of muscle activation, suggesting that prolonged wearing of high heels might induce structural alterations of the MG that, in turn, hinder normal functioning of the MG muscle during walking.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한기계학회 2003년도 추계학술대회
• /
• pp.1373-1377
• /
• 2003

Current prostheses for amputees are generally extrinsic wearing socket type that the coupling between body stump and appliance wraps the soft tissue and this structure causes several problems :applying direct weight to soft tissue such as skin and muscle, skin trouble of contacting area and pain. In this study, osseointegration implant is a method to directly connect prosthesis to the residual stump skeletal tissue of arm, finger and leg through surgical operation. Technology presented in this paper essentially solves the problems of pain and abnormal weight transfer system indicated above and recovers the functions of the amputated arm and leg. In this paper, implant shape was designed for the first step for the development of osseointegration implant and then we studied the possibility to apply this osseointegration implant to human body by performing implant insertion operation to beagle tibia for the clinical animal test and normal beagle's gait analysis was executed in order to quantitatively verify the beagle's skeletal functions after the implant insertion.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제21권4호
• /
• pp.242-252
• /
• 1988

Branched-chain 아미노산이인 leucine이 골격근육의 단백질 합성을 촉진하는 요소로 보고되어 왔다. 이러한 역할은 다른 아미노산도 나타낼 수 없는 특이한 것이나 생체로부터 분리된 근육(isolated muscle system)에서 라는 제한된 실험조건하에 얻어진 결과에 바탕하므로, 본 연구는 생체내에서 leucine이 단백질의 생합성에 미치는 영향을 조사하고자 시도되었다. 실험동물은 정상으로 먹이를 먹인 또는 하루 굶게된 주로 leucine군과 비교군으로 나누었다. Leucine군은 80 또는 $160\mu\textrm{moles}$의 leucine을 복강으로 한번 주사하여 주입받았고 비교군에는 생리적 식염수를 같은 방법으로 주입했다. 단백질 합성속도는 $^{14}\textrm{C}-tyrosine을 주사한 후 근육의 단백질에 혼입된 $^{14}\textrm{C}의 량으로 측정하였다. 본 연구에 이용된 근육은 두가지 형태의 뒷다리 근육 즉 oxidative형 soleus와 glycolytic형 extensor digitorium longus(EDL)와 plataris근육이었다. 만 하루 굶게된 뒤의 EDL과 plantaris 근육은 $160\mu\textrm{moles}$의 leucine에 의해 단백질 합성 속도가 24%, 29% 씩 각각 상승했다. 하루 굶게된 쥐의 soleus근육과 정상으로 먹인 쥐의 어느 근육도 첨가된 leucine에 대해 반응을 보이지 않았다. Leucine에 의해 단백질 합성 속도가 상승된 근육은 굶게되므로 합성속도가 정상군의 54%로 떨어졌고 soleus근육은 정상군의 78%에 상당한 단백질 합성 능력을 가지고 있었다. 따라서 생체로부터 분리된 근육에서 동물의 영양상태나 홀몬 분비의 정상여부에 관계없이 leucin이 단백질 생합성 속도를 상승시키는 현상은 생체내에서 재현되지 않았다. 본 연구결과는 식이 제한등으로 인한 스트레스에 민감하게 반응하여 근육내 생성 활동이 저하된 특수한 상태에서만 leucine은 골격근육의 질소 보유능력을 상승시키리라는 것을 시사한다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
• /
• 제42권5호
• /
• pp.249-254
• /
• 2012

Objective: To investigate the stem cell-like characteristics of human periodontal ligament (PDL) stromal cells outgrown from orthodontically extracted premolars and to evaluate the potential for myogenic differentiation. Methods: PDL stromal cells were obtained from extracted premolars by using the outgrowth method. Cell morphological features, self-replication capability, and the presence of cell-surface markers, along with osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation, were confirmed. In addition, myogenic differentiation was induced by the use of 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-Aza) for DNA demethylation. Results: PDL stromal cells showed growth patterns and morphological features similar to those of fibroblasts. In contrast, the proliferation rates of premolar PDL stromal cells were similar to those of bone marrow and adipogenic stem cells. PDL stromal cells expressed surface markers of human mesenchymal stem cells (i.e., CD90 and CD105), but not those of hematopoietic stem cells (i.e., CD31 and CD34). PDL stromal cells were differentiated into osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic lineages. Myotube structures were induced in PDL stromal cells after 5-Aza pretreatment, but not in the absence of 5-Aza pretreatment. Conclusions: PDL stromal cells isolated from extracted premolars can potentially be a good source of postnatal stem cells for oromaxillofacial regeneration in bone and muscle.

• 비파괴검사학회지
• /
• 제31권5호
• /
• pp.494-499
• /
• 2011

인체 근골격 시스템에 대한 다물체 동역학 모델을 이용한 동작중의 인체 내부의 생체역학 분석 및 평가 기술에 대하여 기술하였다. 의료영상과 사체실험 결과를 기본으로 하는 인체 다물체 동역학 모델과 3차원 동작분석 시스템을 이용한 인체 동작분석기술을 이용하여 생체내 발생하는 관절기구학, 관절모멘트 관절접촉력 및 근력을 예측하는 기술을 보행과 팔굽혀펴기 두 동작에 적용하였다. 본 연구에서 개발한 인체 다물체 동역학 모델링 기술과 3차원 동작분석기술은 다양한 동작을 수행하는 생체의 분석 및 평가 기술로 활용성이 높을 것으로 생각한다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제20권5호
• /
• pp.768-774
• /
• 2007

To study the effect of dietary docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) enrichment on the expression of hepatic genes in pigs, weaned, crossbred pigs (30 d old) were fed diets supplemented with either 2% tallow or DHA oil for 18 d. Hepatic mRNA was extracted. Suppression subtractive hybridization was used to explore the hepatic genes that were specifically regulated by dietary DHA enrichment. After subtraction, we observed 288 cDNA fragments differentially expressed in livers from pigs fed either 2% DHA oil or 2% tallow for 18 d. After differential screening, 7 genes were found to be differentially expressed. Serum amyloid A protein 2 (SAA2) was further investigated because of its role in lipid metabolism. Northern analysis indicated that hepatic SAA2 was upregulated by dietary DHA enrichment (p<0.05). In a second experiment, feeding 10% DHA oil for 2d significantly increased the expression of SAA2 (compared to the 10% tallow group; p<0.05). The porcine SAA2 full length cDNA sequence was cloned and the sequence was compared to the human and mouse sequences. The homology of the SAA2 amino acid sequence between pig and human was 73% and between pig and mouse was 62%. There was a considerable difference in SAA2 sequences among these species. Of particular note was a deletion of 8 amino acids, in the pig compared to the human. This fragment is a specific characteristic for the SAA subtype that involved in acute inflammation reaction. Similar to human and mouse, porcine SAA2 was highly expressed in the liver of pigs. It was not detectable in the skeletal muscle, heart muscle, spleen, kidney, lung, and adipose tissue. These data suggest that SAA2 may be involved in mediation of the function of dietary DHA in the liver of the pig, however, the mechanism is not yet clear.