• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.1-16
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• 2020

The current tariff return system requires tax officials to calculate tax amount by themselves and pay the tax amount on their own responsibility. In other words, in principle, the duty and responsibility of reporting payment system are imposed only on the taxee who is required to calculate and pay the tax accurately. In case the tax payment system fails to fulfill the duty and responsibility, the additional tax is imposed on the taxee by collecting the tax shortfall and imposing the tax deduction on For this reason, item classifications, together with tariff assessments, are the most difficult and could pose a significant risk to entities if they are misclassified. For this reason, import reports are consigned to customs officials, who are customs experts, while paying a substantial fee. The purpose of this study is to classify HS items to be reported upon import declaration and to indicate HS codes to be recorded on import declaration. HS items were classified using the attached image in the case of item classification based on the case of the classification of items by the Korea Customs Service for classification of HS items. For image classification, CNN was used as a deep learning algorithm commonly used for image recognition and Vgg16, Vgg19, ResNet50 and Inception-V3 models were used among CNN models. To improve classification accuracy, two datasets were created. Dataset1 selected five types with the most HS code images, and Dataset2 was tested by dividing them into five types with 87 Chapter, the most among HS code 2 units. The classification accuracy was highest when HS item classification was performed by learning with dual database2, the corresponding model was Inception-V3, and the ResNet50 had the lowest classification accuracy. The study identified the possibility of HS item classification based on the first item image registered in the item classification determination case, and the second point of this study is that HS item classification, which has not been attempted before, was attempted through the CNN model.

• Monthly Duck's Village
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• s.31
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• pp.4-12
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• 2005

• Information and Communications Magazine
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.75-86
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• 1997

This manuscript describes the high level system design for the DCP system. The DCP HS and BS transceivers are composed of five systems, including the RF/IF unit, the Analog Front End(AFE), the baseband modem, the voice codec and the micro-controller. In the following, the core transceiver architecture with the primary functions at these subsystem is described.

• The Hankook-Saengyark Bo
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• no.251
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• pp.1-1
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• 2002

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.32 no.1 s.55
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• pp.1-6
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• 2006

Through mapping the HS code to category of Korean legal system, Korean cosmetic market in 2004 was as fellow; domestic demand size (=production-export+import) is 3,272 billion Won that was decreased 5.6% compared with previous year. The sum of production and import of cosmetics are decreased 0.6% and 4.4%, respectively, compared to last you, but that of import is increased 55.7% dramatically. Among the export items, the amounts of shaving and hair treatment exhibit high growth rates. The fragrances, hair dye and make-up products show huge negative growth rates, but baby product and nail care grow positively in domestic demand records. Market share of imported product is overall 17.8%. Fragrances, hair dye and bath product share large market, respectively.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.27 no.1A
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• pp.13-17
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• 2002

For elimination DC component, the optical recording systems generally exploit WRDS (word-end running digital sum) criterion. However, its performance is degraded if the lengths of the control bits and codewords are increased. Another criterion is MSW (mean-square weight) method. Whereas MSW criterion has the complexity, this hs optimal performance. In this paper, we have proposed a new dc-component suppression method (MPRDS, minimum peak RDS) of the modulation codes for high density optical recording system. This method requires less complexity than MSW's, and the performance is near to MSW's even if the lengths of the control bits and codewords are increased.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2024.05a
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• pp.559-562
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• 2024

자연어 기반의 분류모델을 개발할 때 높은 성능을 획득하기 위해서는 데이터의 품질이 중요한 요소이다. 특히 무역상품 국제 분류체계 HS-CODE에서 상품명을 기반으로 HS코드를 분류할 때, 라벨링 된 데이터의 품질에 의해서 분류모델의 성능이 좌우된다. 하지만 현실적으로 확보 가능한 데이터셋에는 데이터 라벨링 오류나 데이터로 활용하기에 특징점이 부족한 데이터들이 다수 존재하기도 한다. 본 연구에서는 분류모델 학습 데이터의 정제 방법론으로, 딥러닝 기반 노이즈 검출 알고리즘을 제안한다. 분류 대상의 특징점이 분류 경계값 주변에 존재한다면 분류하기 모호한 노이즈 데이터일 가능성이 높다고 가정하고, 해당 노이즈 데이터를 검출하는 방법으로 딥러닝 기술을 활용한다. 해당 경계값 노이즈 검출 알고리즘으로 데이터를 정제한 뒤 학습모델의 성능비교 결과, 기존 대비 우수한 분류 정확도를 기록하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
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• 1995.05b
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• pp.1075-1080
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• 1995

한국이 원자력관련 이중사용 품목을 수출통제하는 경우 발생하게될 수출 파급효과를 탐색적인 수준에서 분석하였다. 이를 쥐해 원자력공급국그룹(NSG) Part 2 통제품목의 수출에 영향을 미치는 요인을 파악하고 관련 전문가를 대상으로 요인의 타당성을 조사하였다. 또한 통제품목과 HS코드를 연계하여 수출통제 대상액의 규모를 살펴보았다. 이러한 과정을 통해 본 연구는 이중사용 품목을 통제할 경우 수출 감소를 불러올 부정적인 요소도 있으나 그 규모가 제한적이며, 신속한 수출입과 첨단 기술의 이전 확대 등 긍정적인 측면이 있다는 결과를 도출하였다. 또한 국제 원자력 수출통제제도 가입의 장단점과 한국의 대응방향을 제시하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.434-436
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• 2023

본 연구는 관세 데이터를 BERT 기반 모델을 활용한 개체명 인식(NER)모델을 제안한다. 관세 분야 국내 첫 시도이며, 선행연구들과 달리 개체명 인식에 초점을 맞춘다. 관세 관련 텍스트에서 고유한 의미의 개체를 인식하는 것이 주요 목표이다. 이 연구는 관세 분야의 개체명 인식에 대한 이해도를 높이고 향후 HS 코드 검색 시스템 개발에 대한 기초 연구를 제공한다.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.307-330
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to estimation of Technical Barriers of Trade(TBT) between Korea and China. TBT is one of the key issues in which both governments are interested since the Korea-China FTA negotiations had launched in 2012. In this paper, we aggregate nine country HS codes from World Bank and AIO codes from JETRO. Our estimation model based on modified price wedge approach differentiate previous researches in the sense that it covers all manufacture industries and uses nine country data set. Estimation results confirm the importance of TBT showing that TBT high ranking items significantly overlap high ranking export items. We also find that the size of Chinese TBT are much larger than that of Korean TBT, implying that Korean government needs smart and well prepared strategy for key items in TBT/FTA negotiation with Chinese government.