• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.559-574
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• 2016

Based on air quality monitoring data ('10~'14) of Suwon City provided by the Korean Department of Environment, a fundamental statistic for 5 criteria pollutants such as $SO_2$, CO, $NO_2$, $O_3$, and $PM_{10}$ was initially investigated. The purpose of this paper was to review the ambient air quality standards(AAQS) of Korea, the U.S.A. and the EU and further to assess the degree of standard strength by the achievability of the AAQS comparing each national standard. Since the level and the way of standards for each air pollutant are various among countries, it is difficult to determine the degree of relative attainment using the same set of data above. Further when all the areas having bad air quality for a specific pollutant are classified as non-attainment case, it is more difficult to assess the degree of standard strength. Thus we introduced a new concept called the average concentration distance (ACD) to quantitatively estimate the strength. As results, the Korean 1-hr $NO_2$ AAQS is slightly stronger than the US standard and weaker than the EU standard. The Korean $O_3$ standard is strongest; however, the Korean $PM_{10}$ standard is weakest. Furthermore the equivalent levels of 8-hr $O_3$ standards in the U.S.A. and the EU were respectively estimated as 97.5 and 95.7 percentiles of the Korean standard with maintaining the existing standard of 60 ppb.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제23권9호
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• pp.1573-1581
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• 2014

This study was conducted to examine the effect of LED light quality and supplemental LED light on growth and flowering for potted flowering plant of Kalanchoe. 1. Plant height of Kalanchoe was enhanced under Red, regardless of treatment time. 2. Root length and stem diameter of Kalanchoe were enhanced by Red+Blue. 3. The number of internodes was not influenced by LED light quality. Length of flower stalk of Kalanchoe increased under Red+Blue, but treatment time did not result in statistically significant differences. 4. Leaf area was not influenced by LED light quality in Kalanchoe. 5. The number of flower buds and open flowers was decreased by LED light treatment, but days to flowering was reduced by Red+Blue for 4 hr after sunset in Kalanchoe. 6. Chlorophyll and anthocyanin content was not significantly affected by LED light treatment, but anthocyanin content tended to increase by Blue 4 hr after sunset. 7. Fresh and dry weight did not increased by LED light treatment in Kalanchoe.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.94-101
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• 2019

Objective: To investigate the efficacy of motion-correction algorithm (MCA) in improving coronary artery image quality and measurement accuracy using an anthropomorphic dynamic heart phantom and 256-detector row computed tomography (CT) scanner. Materials and Methods: An anthropomorphic dynamic heart phantom was scanned under a static condition and under heart rate (HR) simulation of 50-120 beats per minute (bpm), and the obtained images were reconstructed using conventional algorithm (CA) and MCA. We compared the subjective image quality of coronary arteries using a four-point scale (1, excellent; 2, good; 3, fair; 4, poor) and measurement accuracy using measurement errors of the minimal luminal diameter (MLD) and minimal luminal area (MLA). Results: Compared with CA, MCA significantly improved the subjective image quality at HRs of 110 bpm (1.3 ± 0.3 vs. 1.9 ± 0.8, p = 0.003) and 120 bpm (1.7 ± 0.7 vs. 2.3 ± 0.6, p = 0.006). The measurement error of MLD significantly decreased on using MCA at 110 bpm (11.7 ± 5.9% vs. 18.4 ± 9.4%, p = 0.013) and 120 bpm (10.0 ± 7.3% vs. 25.0 ± 16.5%, p = 0.013). The measurement error of the MLA was also reduced using MCA at 110 bpm (19.2 ± 28.1% vs. 26.4 ± 21.6%, p = 0.028) and 120 bpm (17.9 ± 17.7% vs. 34.8 ± 19.6%, p = 0.018). Conclusion: Motion-correction algorithm can improve the coronary artery image quality and measurement accuracy at a high HR using an anthropomorphic dynamic heart phantom and 256-detector row CT scanner.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.123-126
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• 2008

The objective of this study was to determine the potential hazardous effects of sorting process by flowcytometry on the quality of boar spermatozoa by flowcytometer. Freshly collected boar semen was diluted and divided into two groups; control none sorted and sorted. Sperms in sorted group were processed with flowcytometer for cell sorting with $100\;{\mu}M$ nozzle under the 20 psi pressure. Measurements on each parameter were made at two time points, 0hr (right after sorting) and 24 hr post sorting. Although there was a tendency of lower viability in sorted group than none sorted control group, the percentage of live cells in control ($75.83{\pm}6.92\;&\;59.53{\pm}10.34$) was not significantly different from sorted ($59.70{\pm}7.37\;&\;43.97{\pm}3.76$) at both 0 and 24 hr post sorting. However, sorted sperm showed significantly lower mitochondrial function compared to the control at both 0 h ($79.37{\pm}3.22\;vs.\;63.50{\pm}10.05$) and 24 hr ($67.27{\pm}3.22$ vs. $46.97{\pm}5.37$) time points (p<0.007). Sperm DNA fragmentation rate was significantly lower in control ($22.0{\pm}7.04$) than that of sorted ($32.27{\pm}7.49$) at 24 hr time point (p<0.0002). Taken together, these data suggested thatsorting process by flowcytometer may have influenced sperm motility rather than viability. Also high speed sperm sorting by flowcytometer has significant effects on DNA fragmentation on elapsed time after sorting.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.145-151
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• 1987

식육을 장기저장 할 때 발생되는 단백질의 변성과 해동시 육량감소를 줄이기 위한 방법의 하나로써 최적동결방법을 모색하고자 동결속도에 따른 저장중 닭고기의 물리화학적 변화를 조사한 결과 동결속도가 빠를수록 pH증가가 지연되어 장기보존의 가능성을 보였다. TBA가 및 유리지방산 생성율은 저장기간이 길어짐에 따라 증가하는 추세를 보이고 있으나 부위육의 종류에 따라 동결속도의 영향이 다르게 나타나고 있다. 그러나 단백질추출성을 비교할 때 염용성단백질과 수용성단백질의 추출성은 부위육의 종류에 관계없이 3cm/hr이상의 동결속도에서 저장기간 중 추출성이 가장 높게 나타났으며, 이러한 경향은 다리살 보다 가슴살의 추출성이 더욱 높게 유지되고 있다. 이상의 결과에서 송풍동결기를 이용하여 닭고기를 동결시킬 경우 3cm/hr이상의 동결속도로 동결시켜 냉동저장 할 때 좋은 품질의 냉동육을 얻을 수 있는 것으로 판단되었다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권7호
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• pp.3089-3097
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• 2012

Background and Aims: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a potential prognostic biomarker for patients with resected gastric cancer. However, its role remains controversial. The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of published literature. Methods: Relevant literature was identified using Medline and survival data from published studies were collected following a methodological assessment. Quality assessment of eligible studies and meta-analysis of hazard ratio (HR) were performed to review the correlation of VEGF overexpression with survival and recurrence in patients with gastric cancer. Results: Our meta-analysis included 44 published studies with 4,794 resected patients. VEGF subtype for the prediction of overall survival (OS) included tissue VEGF (HR=2.13, 95% CI 1.71-2.65), circulating VEGF (HR=4.22, 95% CI 2.47-7.18), tissue VEGF-C (HR=2.21, 95% CI 1.58-3.09), tissue VEGF-D (HR=1.73, 95% CI 1.25-2.40). Subgroup analysis showed that HRs of tissue VEGF for OS were, 1.78 (95% CI 0.90-3.51) and 2.31 (95% CI 1.82-2.93) in non-Asians and Asians, respectively. The meta-analysis was also conducted for disease free survival (DFS) and disease specific survival (DSS). Conclusion: Positive expression of tissue VEGF, circulating VEGF, VEGF-C and VEGF-D were all associated with poor prognosis in resected gastric cancer. However, VEGF demonstrated no significant prognostic value for non-Asian populations. Circulating VEGF may be better than tissue VEGF in predicting prognosis.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.227-233
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• 2007

The purpose of this research was to study the effects of the feeding of dietary citrus byproducts on the physicochemical properties and palatability of Hanwoo rump (HR). The samples for experimental samples consisted of the HR not fed without citrus byproducts pulp (CBP-0) and the HR rump fed with citrus byproducts pulp during the fattening period (CBP-1). The control (CBP-0) HR rump was fed by general practical feeding (roughages and concentrates were fed separately), while the CBP-1 was fed in the same manners as CBP-0 until 17 months but with citrus byproducts then fed fer the next 10 months. There were no significant differences in the $L^*$ (tightness), $a^*$ (redness) and $b^*$ (yellowness) of the HR between the CBP-0 and CBP-1 fed groups. There were no significant differences in the pH, VBN content and EDA between the samples, but the TBARS value of the CBP-1 fed group was lower than that of the CBP-0 fed group (p<0.05). There were no significant differences in the water holding capacity, freezing loss, thawing loss, boiling and roasting logs between the CBP-0 and CBP-1 fed groups. There were no significant differences in the hardness, cohesiveness, chewiness and shear force between the samples, but the springiness of the CBP-1 fed group was higher than that of the CBP-0 fed group (p<0.05). There were no significant differences in the sensory scores for the roasted beef between the CBP-0 and CBP-1 fed groups. There were no significant differences in the taste, flavor, juiciness and palatability of roasted beef the between samples, but the tenderness of the CBP-1 fed group was superior to that of the CBP-0 fed group.

• 한국정보시스템학회지:정보시스템연구
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.145-160
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• 2022

Purpose The purpose of this study is to develop a virtual try-on deep learning model that can efficiently learn front and back clothes images. It is expected that the application of virtual try-on clothing service in the fashion and textile industry field will be vitalization. Design/methodology/approach The data used in this study used 232,355 clothes and product images. The image data input to the model is divided into 5 categories: original clothing image and wearer image, clothing segmentation, wearer's body Densepose heatmap, wearer's clothing-agnosting. We advanced the HR-VITON model in the way of Mixed-Precison, Gradient Accumulation, and sharing model weights. Findings As a result of this study, we demonstrated that the weight-shared MP-GA HR-VITON model can efficiently learn front and back fashion images. As a result, this proposed model quantitatively improves the quality of the generated image compared to the existing technique, and natural fitting is possible in both front and back images. SSIM was 0.8385 and 0.9204 in CP-VTON and the proposed model, LPIPS 0.2133 and 0.0642, FID 74.5421 and 11.8463, and KID 0.064 and 0.006. Using the deep learning model of this study, it is possible to naturally fit one color clothes, but when there are complex pictures and logos as shown in <Figure 6>, an unnatural pattern occurred in the generated image. If it is advanced based on the transformer, this problem may also be improved.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.635-643
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• 2007

쌀밥의 저장 특성을 조사하기 위하여 국내산 쌀 탑 라이스 4품종(일품, 새추청, 신동진 및 수라)을 전기 압력 밥솥 및 전기 밥솥을 이용하여 취반한 다음 상온, 보온 및 냉장 저장하면서 수분함량, pH, 색도 및 관능적인 특성을 조사하였다. 취반 직후 쌀밥은 전기압력 밥솥으로 취반했을 때 수분함량이 낮고 pH는 높았으며, 색도에서 b값은 높고 L값은 낮은 경향을 보였다. 관능적으로도 구수한 풍미, 조직감 등이 강하고 기호도가 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 저장 기간에 따라서는 수분함량 및 pH는 취반 용기에 관계없이 모든 저장 온도에서 감소하였고, 색도는 상온 및 냉장 보관시에는 취반 용기에 관계없이 L, a 및 b값 모두 저장기간 동안 유사하였으나 보온 조건에서 전기 밥솥 취반미를 저장했을 때는 초기(6시간)에 녹색도 (a값)이 감소하기 시작하여 24시간 후에는 황색도(b값)가 크게 증가하면서 L값이 감소하였다. 관능적으로도 상온에서는 저장 48시간까지 유의적 차이를 보이지 않은 반면 보온 및 냉장 저장 시에는 각각 24시간 및 3일 경과 후에 대부분의 관능적 특성에서 유의적인 차이를 보이면서 기호도가 감소하였다. 이상으로부터 저장 중 쌀밥의 품질은 상온에서는 48시간까지 색도 및 관능적인 변화가 적어 가장 효과적이었던 반면 보온 및 냉장에서는 각각 황변 및 수분증발과 함께 이취가 증가하면서 관능적으로 품질이 낮아졌으며, 전기 압력 밥솥 보다 전기 밥솥을 사용하여 보온했을 때 품질저하가 더 큰 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.1241-1246
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• 1999

증편은 탁주를 스타터로 사용하여 젖산과 알코올발효에 의해 생성되는 해면상 구조에 의한 부드러운 조직과 신맛이 나는 특징이 있으나 제조시간이 길고 균일한 품질을 갖는 제품의 생산이 어려우며 탁주유래의 불쾌취로 인하여 소비가 감소하고 있다. 본 연구는 증편의 제조시간단축과 품질향상을 목적으로 증편발효에 적합한 상업적 젖산균 스타터를 선발하고 이를 효모와 함께 사용하는 발효시스템을 개발하였다. 젖산균 스타터는 발효시 초기 pH 감소속도가 빠르고 상큼한 산미를 느낄 수 있는 Lactococcus lactis, Lactococcus cremoris· 및 Lactococcus diacetylactis로 구성된 것을 선발하였다. 발효 중 pH는 발효시간 3시간까지는 급격한 감소를 보이다 이후 완만한 감소를 보여 3시간을 적정 발효시간으로 결정하였다. 젖산균과 효모의 적정 첨가량은 상패한 산미와 적당한 비체적을 보인 젖산균 0.45%, 효모 0.6%로 결정하였다. 3시간동안 젖산발효한 slurry를 2시간동안 효모발효한 slurry와 혼합하여 1시간 동안 2차 발효하는 발효시스템을 이용하여 증편제조 공정을 완성하였으며 본 방법에 의해 제조된 증편은 전통적인 방법에 의해 제조된 증편에 비해 품질이 우수하였으며 제조시간을 50% 이상 단축할 수 있었다.