• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.349-354
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• 2011

Our objective in this study is to assess the safety of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) fortified milk of dairy cows fed feeds containing protected fish oil treated with formaldehyde by analyzing formaldehyde concentration in commercial milk and DHA fortified milk of dairy cows fed formaldehyde treated feed. There are 3 milk samples in this study: Commercial milk (CM), DHA fortified milk for Kid (DHA-K) and DHA fortified milk for Baby (DHA-B). We confirm the fresh quality of these three samples by physicochemical tests. In fat content result, three groups are significantly different at the p < 0.05 by Duncan's multiple range test, but fat content of group DHA-K is about half the level of the other two groups. Protein content of group DHA-K is 1 % higher than other two groups. According to the analysis result of DHA content of DHA fortified milk, DHA content of DHA-B is two-fold higher than DHA-K. Similar pattern was seen in the intake based on age. According to HPLC analysis result of formaldehyde concentration in milk, commercial milk and DHA fortified milk are between 0.013 ppm and 0.057 ppm which is formaldehyde standard level in fresh milk settled in WHO (World Health Organization). Three groups have no significantly differences at the p < 0.05 by Duncan's multiple range test. For this reason, it can be concluded that there is no transition of formaldehyde from dairy cows fed formaldehyde treated feeds to its produced milk. Safety about formaldehyde of DHA fortified milk of dairy cows fed formaldehyde treated feeds is considered similar to commercial milk.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.120-127
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• 2015

BACKGROUND: Supervised residue trials were conducted to establish pre-harvest residue limit(PHRL), a criterion to ensure the safety of the pesticide residue in the crop harvest, of amisulbrom for winter-grown cabbage in two fields. Following to application of amisulbrom on the crop, time-course study was carried out to obtain the amisulbrom dissipation of statistical significance which enabled to calculate the predicted values of PHRL. METHOD AND RESULTS: During cultivation under greenhouse condition, samples of winter-grown cabbage were collected at 0, 1, 3, 5, 7 and 10 days after amisulbrom application, and subjected to residue analysis. Analytical method was validated by recoveries ranging 93.7~100.0% as well as limit of quantitation(LOQ) of 0.04 mg/kg. Amisulbrom residues in winter-grown cabbage gradually decreased as time elapsed. The dissipation rate of the residue would be affected by intrinsic degradation along with dilution by the cabbage growth. The decay pattern was well fitted by the simple first-order kinetics. CONCLUSION: Biological half-lives of amisulbrom in winter-grown cabbage ranged 3.7~4.1 days in two field conditions. Based on the regression of amisulbrom dissipation, PHRLs of amisulbrom in winter-grown cabbage were recommended as 8.86~9.47 and 4.21~4.35 mg/kg for 10 and 5 days before harvest, respectively.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.171-177
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• 1998

The strain A49, which produces a new type of extracellular polysaccharide was isolated from soil samples. From morphological, physiological and biochemical tests, the strain A49 was identified as a Bacillus polymyxa and named Bacillus polymyxa A49. Bacillus polymyxa A49 was found to produce a highly viscous extracellular polysaccharide when grown aerobically in a medium containing glucose as the sole source of carbon. The polysaccharide (A49 POL) showed a homogeneous pattern on gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and its molecular weight was estimated to be about 1.6 mega dalton (mDa). The FT-IR spectrum of A49-POL revealed typical characteristics of polysaccharides. As a result of investigations with HPLC and carbozole assay, A49-POL was found to consist of L-fucose, D-galactose, D-glucose, D-mannose, and D-glucuronic acid, with the molar ratio of these sugars being approximately 1:2:7:50:12. Rheological analysis of A49 POL revealed that it is pseudoplastic and has a higher apparent viscosity at dilute concentrations than does xanthan gum. The consistancy factor of A49 POL was found to be higher, and the flow index of A49 POL lower, than xanthan gum. Its apparent viscosity was comparatively unstable at various temperatures. the A49 POL showed the highest apparent viscosity at pH 3. When salts were added to A49 POL solution, the solution was compatible with up to 10% KCl, 35% NaCl, 55% $CaCl_2$, 55% $MgCl_2$, 55% $K_2HPO_4$, and 110% $Ca({NO_3})_2$, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.59-67
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• 2002

A phosphate solubilizing bacterium. strain 60-2G, possessing a strong ability to solubilize insoluble phosphate was isolated from the rhizosphere of grass. On the basis of GC-FAME profile, carbon utilization pattern, and the DNA sequence of a conserved partial 16S rRNA gene, the 60-2G was identified as Enterobacter intermedium. The analysis by HPLC revealed that the strain 60-2G produced mainly gluconic and 2-ketogluconic acids with small amounts of lactic acid in broth culture medium containing hydroxyapatite. During the incubation period of the strain 60-2G in broth culture, pH of the medium decreased upto 3.8 while the soluble phosphate concentration increased. The reversed correlation between pH and soluble phosphate concentration indicated that the solubility of P was due to the produced organic acids. The sequence homology of the deduced amino acids suggested that E. intermedium 60-2G synthesized PQQ which is essential for the oxidation of glucose by glucose dehydrogenase.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.323-335
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• 1983

The inhibitory effects of the extract and crude saponin of red and white ginsengs on lipoperoxide formation in vitro and in vivo were studied and correlated with anti-aging. To this end, antioxidant activity, induction period and lipoperoxide were measured by the methods of EDA, POV and TBA value. And also superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activity were measured by pyrogallol autoxidation method (${\Delta}A$ 420/min) and initial velocity(${\Delta}A$ 436/min), respectively. From HPLC analysis, the PT/PD ratio of red and white ginsengs was found to be 0.561% and 0.401%, respectively, and red ginseng increased the PT/PD ratio in comparison with white ginseng. The EDA activity of red ginseng was higher than that of white ginseng; red ginseng showed stronger antioxidative effect than white ginseng. The inhibitory effect of red ginseng was lower than that of white ginseng during the induction period. It was proved that high molecular coloring substance was deeply related to the initial stage of lipoperoxidation. There was no significant difference between red and white ginsengs in both in vitro and intraperitoneal administration experiments, and red ginseng was more effective than white ginseng in longterm administration. And also inhibitory effect on lipoperoxide formation was mainly occurred in liver, suggesting that the function of liver played an important role in anti-aging actions. From the measurement of superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity for both ginseng groups intraperitoneally and orally administered, it was found that red ginseng group administered extract and crude saponin showed remarkable inhibitory effects in comparison with white ginseng. In particular, orally administered group showed more stronger inhibitory effect on lipid peroxidation in comparison with intraperitoneally administered group. It was also found that the continuous oral administration was more effective than temporary administration. Red ginseng was more notable anti-aging effect in comparison with white ginseng in vivo, and this may be due to the increase of SOD activity in rat-liver. Peroxidase activity also showed similar trend to SOD activity in vitro and in vivo experiments. Red ginseng was not only superior to white ginseng for preservation but also for biochemical and pharmaceutical efficacy.