• Title/Summary/Keyword: HMG-CoA

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Effects of Dietary Xylooligosaccharides on Hepatic HMG-CoA Reductase Activity and Morphological Exchange of liver in Rats Fed High Fat Diets (고지방 식이를 섭취한 흰쥐에 있어서 Xylooligo당이 간의 HMG-CoA Reductase 활성 및 간조직의 형태학적 변화에 미치는 영향)

  • 손효현;이순재
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • v.35 no.10
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    • pp.1015-1022
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    • 2002
  • This study was conducted to examine the effects of dietary xylooligosaccharides on hepatic HMG-CoA reductase activity and morphological exchange of liver in rats fed high fat diet. Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing 100 $\pm$ 10 g were randomly divided into four groups, two normal diets and two high fat diets containing 1% cholesterol and 10% lard. Two normal diets were classified into a basal diet (normal group) and 10% xylooligosaccharide diet (NX group). The high fat diet groups were classified into a HF group without xylooligosaccharides diet and HFX group supplemented 10% xylooligosacchride diet. Experimental diets were fed ad libidum to the rats for 4 weeks and then they were sacrificed. The body weight of high fat diet (HF group) was increased more than that of normal group, but it was significantly decreased by xylooligosacchrides supplementation. The food intake was not significantly different among the all groups. The weight of liver, small intestine and cecum of all xylooligosaccharide supplemented groups were significantly heavier than those of normal and HF groups. The activity of hepatic HMG-CoA reductase, a rate limiting enzyme of cholesterol biosynthesis, in xylooligosaccharide supplemented groups was higher than that of HF group. Light micrographs revealed that the structures of hepatocytes in xylooligosaccharide supplemented groups were preserved well, compared to HF group. The xylooligosaccharide supplementation exerted a lipid-lowering action by decreasing cholesterol and triglycerides contents in hepatic tissue. In conclusion, the activity of hepatic HMG-CoA reductase and damage of liver in rats fed high fat diets were improved by dietary xylooligosaccharides.

Polymorphisms of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl Coenzyme A Reductase Gene Are Not Associated with the Osteonecrosis of Femoral Head in Korean (한국인에서 HMG-CoA reductase 유전자다형성과 대퇴골두무혈성괴사증과의 연관성 분석)

  • Kim, Tae-Ho;Hong, Jung-Min;Lee, Sang-Han;Park, Eui-Kyun;Kim, Shin-Yoon
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.18 no.4
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    • pp.427-434
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    • 2008
  • Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a multifactorial disease and certain individuals are more at risk or may be predisposed to it. An altered lipid metabolism is one of the major risk factors for osteonecrosis, especially corticosteroid therapy and alcoholism. 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A. (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors, stalin used as lipid-clearing agent, have been known to decrease the risk of osteonecrosis in patients receiving steroids and affect coagulation and fibrinolysis. Therefore we evaluated the association of HMG-CoA reductase gene polymorphisms and haplotypes between osteonecrosis patients and normal controls. We directly sequenced the HMG-CoA reductase gene in 24 Korean individuals, and identified five sequence variants. Four SNPs (-6933C>T, -6045T>G, +12673G>A, and +18128C>T) were selected and genotyped in 349 male ONFH patients and 300 male control subjects. The genotypes, allele frequencies, and haplotypes of the polymorphisms in the total patients as well as in the subgroup by etiology were not significantly different from those in the control group. In addition, no significant differences between each genotype of the polymorphisms and plasma lipid level could be found in the control group. These results suggest that the polymorphisms and haplotypes of HMG-CoA reductase gene are unlikely to be associated with a susceptibility to ONFH.

Changes of Plasma and Hepatic Lipids, Hydroxy-Methyl-Glutaryl CoA Reductase Activity and Acyl-CoA : Cholesterol Acyltransferase Activity by Supplementation of Hot Water Extracts from Rosa rugosa, Crataegus pinnatifida and Polygonum cuspidatum in High-Cholesterol Fed Rats

  • Lee, Hee-Ja;Park, Myung-Sook
    • Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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    • v.3 no.4
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    • pp.344-350
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    • 1998
  • Lipid lowering properties from three plant water extracts, Rosa rugosa, Crataegus pinnatifida and Polygonum cuspidatum, were tested by supplementing a 1% high-cholesterol diet with them in rats. Plasma triglyceride levels in Rosa fugosa, Crataegus pinnatifida and Polygonum cuspidatum groups were significantly lower compared to that of the control. by 29% , 24% and 47% respectively. hepatic trigylceride levels in Rosa rugosa and Crataegus pinnatifida groups were significantly lower compared to the control by 11% and 15% respectively. Hepatic HMG-CoA reductase activity in Rosa rugosa group was significantly greater compared to the control by 406%. Hepatic ACAT activity was significantly lower in Polygonum cuspidatum group compared to the control by 28%. by multiple regression results, only plasma cholesterol was associated significantly (p<0.05) with liver HMG-CoA reductase activity. Plasma cholesterol explained 12% of thevariance of the liver HMG-CoA redctase activity. In conclusion, we have showen that hot water extracts from Rosa rugosa, Crataegus pinnatifida and Polygonum cuspidatum lowered plasma triglycerides in rats fed on a high-cholesterol diet. Data suggests that these extracts could potentially prevent or treat hypertriglyceridemia induced by a high fat diet and fatty liver.

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Comparison of the Effects of Ginseng Total Saponin, Ginsenoside-$Rb_1$, Ginsenoside-$Rb_2$ and Lovastatin on the Expression of mRNAs for HMG CoA reductase and LDL Receptor (인삼의 총사포닌, Ginsenoside-$Rb_1$, Ginsenoside-$Rb_2$와 Lovastatinul 의한 Hep G2 세포의 HMG CoA Reductase 및 LDL수용체 mRNA 발현 유발효과의 비교)

  • Noh, Yun-Hee;Lim, G-Rewo;Koo, Ja-Hyun
    • Journal of Ginseng Research
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    • v.20 no.3
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    • pp.241-247
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    • 1996
  • The effects of ginseng total saponin, ginsenoside-Rb, and -Rb, on the reduction of chmlesterol level and the myNA expression rates of HMG CoA reductase and LDL receptor in Hep G2 were investigated and compared with that of lovastatin, a competitive HMG CoA reductase Inhibitor. The amounts of cholesterol in Hep G2 decreased in total saponin-and ginsenoside-treated groups as compared with that of control group, while there was no significant reduction in lovastatin-treated group. The mRNA expression rates of HMG CoA reductase increased in total saponin and gin- senoside groups except for ginsenoside-Rb, (10-3%) group and decreased in lovastatin group com- pared with that of control group. The mRNA expression rates of LDL receptor generally increased In all of the test groups except for total saponin (10-5%) group compared with that of control group. Because the ginseng components tested were more effective in the reduction of cholesterol level in Hep G2 than lovastatin and induced the gene expression of LDL receptor, we suggest the possibility that they could be used as a replacement agent for lovastatin which can not be prescribed especially to patients with hepatic diseases.

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Characteristics and HMG-Co A Reductase Inhibitory Activity of Fermented Red Pepper Soybean Paste(Kochujang) Prepared from Red-Rice and Barley. (홍국과 보리를 이용하여 제조한 고추장의 특성과 HMG-Co A Reductase 저해활성)

  • Hyun, Kwang-Uk;No, Jae-Duck;Lim, Seong-Il;Cha, Seong-Kwan;Choi, Sin-Yang
    • Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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    • v.35 no.2
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    • pp.173-176
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    • 2007
  • The purpose of this study was to improve the palatability of fermented red pepper soybean paste (Kochujang). Five individual models of Kochujang were prepared the following: control, glutinous rice containing 50% (A) and 100% (B) of barley, glutinous rice containing 1.5% (C) and 3.0% (D) of red rice. These Kochujangs were prepared and fermented for 60 days at 30 in a crock, and examined for changes in their physicochemical properties. There were no distinguishable change in their pH, acidity, formol-N content. L (lightness)-, a (redness)- and b (yellowness)-values were decreased rapidly until 20 days of fermentation. After 60 days, the values of L-, a- and b- of A, B Kochujang were increased than those of control, C, D Kochujang. Sensory profiles of color, flayer, taste and overall quality on the final products which fermented for 60 days showed that there were no differences in quality of each models. HMG-Co A reductase inhibitory activities were observed in 1.5% of red rice containing Kochujang.

Cholesterol inhibitory activities of kaempferol and quercetin isolated from Allium victorialis var. platyphyllum (산마늘로부터 단리한 kaempferol과 quercetin의 콜레스테롤 저하 활성)

  • Lee, Sung-Suk;Moon, Seo-Hyun;Lee, Hak-Ju;Choi, Don-Ha;Cho, Myung-Haing
    • Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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    • v.32 no.1
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    • pp.17-27
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    • 2004
  • Cholesterol inhibitory activity was investigated to develop the functional food from edible forest resources such as Allium victorialis var. platyphyllum and other 12 species. Among tested samples by enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA), leaf extracts of A. victorialis var. platyphyllum inhibited 73.9% of the activities of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoA reductase) which is the highly regulated and major rate-limiting of the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway. Moreover, those extracts inhibited 76.7% of squalene synthase which catalyzes the head-to-head condensation of two farnesyl pyrophosphate molecules to form squalene in the biosynthesis of cholesterol. In order to find out the compounds which would play a key role in inhibitory activity of cholesterol, kaempferol and quercetin were isolated from the dichloromethane soluble fraction of extracts of A. victorialis var. platyphyllum. Kampferol, quercetin and each soluble fraction was also subjected to the test of the mRNA expression of HMG-CoA reductase and squalene synthase by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay, respectively. By treating both enzymes with 10 ㎍/㎖ of kaempferol and quercetin for 24 hours, respectively, the mRNA expression was not observed, suggesting that both compounds inhibited the biosynthesis of cholesterol at mRNA level. In this regard, it could be inferred that cholesterol inhibitory activity of A. victorialis var. platyphyllum was derived from kaempferol and quercetin. Both compounds have already been found in many plant extracts including hardwood and softwood, but it might be first known that they have cholesterol inhibitory activity.

Screening and Characterization of Anticholesterogenic Substances from Edible Plant Extracts (식용식물 추출물로부터 콜레스테롤 합성 저해제의 검색 및 분리)

  • Park, Jeong-Ro;Park, Jong-Cheol;Choi, Seong-Hee
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.26 no.2
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    • pp.236-241
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    • 1997
  • Inhibitory effects of several edible plant extracts against 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A(HMG-CoA) reductase, a rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of cholesterol, were screened. Inhibition rates of $10{\sim}15%$ were observed with hot water extracts of Allium fistulosum, Allium sativum and Cucurbita maxima. Methanol extracts of Aster scaber, Allium sativum, Zingiber officinale, Oenanthe javanica and Angelica keiskei effectively reduced the enzyme activity with inhibition rates of $29{\sim}51%$. The methanol extract of Angelica keiskei was fractionated sequentially with chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol. Of the fractions ethyl acetate fraction showed the highest inhibition against the enzyme. $Luteolin-7-O-{\beta}-D-glucoside$ and hyperoside isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction of Angelica keiskei inhibited the enzyme activity by 65.5% and 14.8%, respectively, at the concentration of $30{\mu}M$.

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Improving Productivity of Pravastatin, HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitor (HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitor인 Pravastatin의 생산성 향상)

  • Jeon, Dong-Soo;Bai, Dong-Hoon
    • Food Engineering Progress
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    • v.13 no.4
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    • pp.243-250
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    • 2009
  • Pravastatin sodium, competitive inhibitors of HMG-CoA(3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A) reductase, is produced from the culture broth of Streptomyces carbophilus KCCM 10370, The production of Pravastatin sodium was increased about 45 fold compared to wild type by UV mutation. Production of Pravastatin was also improved by continuous feeding of Compactin sodium to 24% and bioconversion ratio was also increased to 4.3% by intermittent addition. In main culture, concentration of Compactin sodium was kept less than 0.1%(w/v) under continuous feeding of Compactin sodium then product was 0.49% and bioconversion was 70%. After finishing the fermentation, Pravastatin was purified by various chromatographies such as Diaion HP20 resin column, Partition, and ODS(Octa-Decylsilyl Silicagel) resin column with a final yield of 70~72% and over 99.7% purity. The IR, UV, and NMR study of the purified Pravastatin sodium showed the same pattern as that of EP(European Pharmacopoeia).

Screening of 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl-Coenzyme a Reductase Inhibitors in vitro and Its Application to Pullets

  • Yeom, Keum-Hee;Hwang, Suk-Yeun;Lee, Kyung-Woo;Woo, Moon-Sook;Park, Sun;Min, Dae-Gyu;Lee, Bong-Duk;Sung, Chang-Keun
    • Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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    • v.4 no.1
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    • pp.70-74
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    • 1999
  • The primary objective of these studies was to screen the materials showing inhibitions of HMG-CoA reductase in vitro. The secondary objective was to determine the effect of garlic, lovastatin and copper on cholesterol concentrations in plasma. liver and brease muscle of pullets. In experiment 1, the degree of inhibition of the selective samples on HMG-CoA reductase activity was determined in vitro. The inhibition rate of water soluble garlic extracts, lovastatin and copper to HMG-coA reductase activity were 51.3%, 87.5%, and 82.0% respectively . In experiment 2, control diet (basal diet), garlic powder (3% in diet) , lovastatin (300mg/kg of diet) and copper(200mg/kg of diet) were fed to pullets in order to investigate the changes of cholesterol concentration in plasma and tissues. Plasma total cholesterol , and LDL-cholesterol were significantly reduced in pullets fed a diet containing 3 % garlic powder. However, coper significantly increased total cholesterol compared to controls and lovastatin did not affect plasma chholesterol concentration . Total cholesterol inlover and breast muscle inpullets were not affectedb y adding cholesterol lowering materials to the diets. The data suggests that it is not easy for HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors to reduce cholesterol levels in the body due to complication in cholestrol metabolism . However, garlic administration can lower the levels of plasma cholesterol in pullets.

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Screening of Edible Mushrooms for the Production of Lovastatin and its HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitory Activity (Lovastatin을 생산하는 식용버섯 선발과 HMG-CoA reductase 저해 효과)

  • Lee Jae-Won;Lee Soo-Min;Gwak Ki-Seob;Lee Ji-Yoon;Choi In-Gyu
    • Korean Journal of Microbiology
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    • v.42 no.2
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    • pp.83-88
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    • 2006
  • This research was performed to determine the production of lovastatin and its HMG-CoA reductase activity produced by fruit bodies and mycelial liquid cultures of domestic edible mushrooms (8 fungal strains). By deter-mining TLC analysis for the confirmation of the presence of lovastatin, all the extracts from fruit bodies and mycelial liquid culture showed same Rf value (0.46), whick was identical to that of the standard lovastatin. In order to extract lovastatin from fruit body, the mixture of water/acetonitrile/methanol was chosen as the most effective solvent. Extracts from fruit body and mycelial liquid culture of pleurotus ostreatus produced the high-est lovastatin 0.98 mg/g based on dry biomass, and 21.90 mg/L, respectively. In the inhibition rate of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase, the highest was obtained in P. ostreatus as 67.8% among fruit bodies, and the rates of mycelial liquid culture extracts from P. ostreatus and Laetiporus sulphureus were 37.2% and 29.1%, respectively. Unusually L. sulphureus showed high inhibition rate with low content of lovastatin due to the contribution of campesterol and gamma-sitosterol with hypocholesterolemic activity as metabolites.