• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.5446-5463
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• 2019

Parallel computing system components should be harmonized, and this harmonization is kept existent using synchronization time. Synchronization time affects the system in two ways. First, if we have too little synchronization time, some tasks face the problem of harmonization, as they need appropriate time to update and synchronize with the system. Second, if we allocate a large amount of time, stall system created. Random allocation of synchronization time for parallel systems slows down not only the booting time of the system but also the execution time of each application involved in the system. This paper presents a simulator used to test and allocate appropriate synchronization time for distributed and parallel heterogeneous systems. The simulator creates the parallel and heterogeneous system to be evaluated, and lets the user vary the synchronization time to optimize the booting time. NS3-cGEM5 simulator in this paper is formed by HLA-RTI federation integration of the two independent architecture and network simulators - NS3 and cGEM5. Therefore, nodes created on these simulators need synchronizations for harmonized system performance. We tested and allocated the appropriate synchronization time for our sample parallel system composed of one x86 server and three ARM clients.

• Journal of KIISE
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.213-219
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• 2015

Simulation is used these days to verify the hypothesis or the new technology. In particular, National Defense Modeling & Simulation (M&S) is used to predict wartime situation and conduct the military training. National Defense M&S can be divided into three parts, live simulation, virtual simulation, and constructive simulation. Live simulation is based on the real environment, which allows more realistic sumulation; however, it has decreased budget efficiency, but reduced depictions of reality. In contrast, virtual and constructive simulations which are based on the virtual environment, have increased budget efficiency, but reduced depictions of reality. Thus, if the three parts of the M&S are combined to make the L-V-C combined environment, the disadvantages of each simulation can be complemented to increases the quality of the simulation. In this paper, a method of interworking heterogeneous simulation middeware for L-V-C combined environment is proposed, and the test results of interworking between Data Distribution Service (DDS) and High Level Architecture (HLA) are shown.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.498-506
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• 2018

Recently, the US commanded a wargame simulation system of a combined ROK-US exercise with single federation. However, after the OPCON transfer, many limitations to the single federation have been cited such as security policies and information protection. We suggest a hierarchical federation as a way to overcome these problems. Regarding HLA rules, the participants use the same FOM and RTI in single federation. There are limitations to implement CI in applying heterogeneous FOMs and RTIs in current single federation. Therefore, we propose implementing CI with heterogeneous FOMs and RTIs in a hierarchical federation. This system overcomes the weaknesses of the system structure, which is a disadvantage of the single federation. In the federation test, we can apply heterogeneous FOMs and RTIs and achieve similar performance to the current combined exercise simulation. In conclusion, ROK should lead the simulation system of combined exercises using the CI after the OPCON transfer.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.249-259
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• 2010

Synthetic environment data used in defense M&S fields, which came from various organization and source, are consumed and managed by their own native database system in distributed environment. But to manage these diverse data while interoperation in HLA/RTI environment, neutral synthetic environment data model is necessary to transmit the data between native database. By the support of DMSO, SEDRIS was developed to achieve this requirement and this specification guarantees loss-less data representation, interchange and interoperability. In this research, to use SEDRIS as a standard simulation database, base research, visualization for validation, data interchange experiment through test-bed was done. This paper shows each research case, result and future research direction, to propose standardized SEDRIS usage process.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.40-44
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• 2011

Narcolepsy is a sleep disorder, which is characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) that is typically associated with cataplexy, sleep fragmentation and other REM sleep-related phenomenon such as sleep paralysis and hypnagogic hallucination. Narcoleptic symptoms can be developed from various medical or neurological disorders. A 17-year-old male patient admitted for the evaluation of EDS which started three-month ago. He slept more than 18 hours a day with cataplexy and hypnagogic hallucination. He was obese with body mass index (BMI) of 30.4 kg/$m^2$. After admission he was newly diagnosed to the thyrotoxicosis. T3 391.2 ng/dL (60-181), free T4 4.38 ng/dL (0.89-1.76), TSH <0.01 ${\mu}IU$/mL (0.35-5.5) were measured. His pulse rate ranged 70-90 beats per minute and blood pressure ranged 150/100-120/70 mmHg. Polysomnography revealed many fragmentations in sleep with many positional changes (81 times/h). Sleep onset latency was 33.5 min, sleep efficiency was 47.9%, and REM latency from sleep onset was delayed to 153.6 min. REM sleep percent was increased to 27.1%. Periodic limb movement index was 13.4/h. In the multiple sleep latency test (MSLT), average sleep latency was 0.4 min and there were noted 3 SOREMPs (Sleep Onset REM sleep period) on 5 trials. We couldn't discriminate the obvious sleep-wake pattern in the actigraph and his HLA DQB1 $^*0602$ type was negative. His thyroid function improved following treatment with methimazole and propranolol. Vital sign maintained within normal range. Cataplexy was controlled with venlafaxine 75 mg. Subjective night sleep continuity and PLMS were improved with clonazepam 0.5 mg, but the EDS were partially improved with modafinil 200-400 mg. Thyrotoxicosis might give confounding role when we were evaluating the EDS, though sleep fragmentation was one of the major symptoms of narcolepsy, but enormous amount of it made us think of the influence of thyroid hormone. The loss of sleep-wake cycle, limited improvement of EDS to the stimulant treatmen, and the cataplexy not supported by HLA DQB1 $^*0602$ should be answered further. We still should rule out idiopathic hypersomnia and measuring CSF hypocretin level would be helpful.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.41-48
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• 2011

The act of writing a unit test is more an act of design than of verification. It is also more an act of documentation than of verification. The act of writing a unit test closes a remarkable number of feedback loops, the least of which is the one pertaining to verification of function. Unit testing is a fundamental practice in Extreme Programming, but most non-trivial code is difficult to test in isolation. Normal unit testing is hard because It is trying to test the code from outside. On the other hand, developing unit tests with Mock Objects leads to stronger tests and to better structure of both domain and test code. In this paper, I first describe how Mock Objects are used for unit testing of federation integration. Then I describe the benefits and costs of Mock Objects when writing unit tests and code. Finally I describe a design of Mock federate for using Mock objects.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.173-178
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• 1993

Narcolepsy's age at onset is reported to be relatively homogeneous, occuring usually after the onset of puberty, although most cases are diagnosed when the patients are in their late teens to late 20s. It is very unusual for a patient to develop narcolepsy before 15 years of age or after 30 years of age. A 11-year old boy who has developed excessive daytime sleepiness since age of 7 and has all the four major features of narcolepsy by the time of evaluation is presented. On polysomnographic examination, the patient showed two sleep onset REM periods in the three latency test of the multiple sleep latency test and the nocturnal polysomnogram. In addition, the findings of typing HLA class I and II of the patient's family are presented. Reports of pediatric narcolepsy previously reported are reviewed.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.84-94
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• 2016

The warfighting experimentation is the most important for the weapon acquisition process because the warfighting experimentation shall support the operation effectiveness as well as acquisition logicality. Therefore, ROK Navy is starting to set up the next generation warfighting experimentation systems. According to literature studies, there have been many studies regarding the interoperability of Simulators(Virtual) and Exercising models(Constructive), but not for studies regarding interoperability between Simulators(Virtual) and Analysis models(Constructive) that is the core component of next generation maritime warfighting experimentation systems. This study is dealing with the V-C(Analysis model) interoperability test and methodology of interoperation analysis. The purpose of the study is to provide the new analysis methodology through V-C(Analysis model) interoperation, which can be applied for the concept of operations(CONOPS) of next generation maritime warfighting experimentation systems. In addition to that, the study validates the suggested analysis methodology by the case study of a naval operation.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.219-233
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• 2010

The objective of the interoperation of L-V-C Simulation is to enable practical integration training by taking advantages and compensating disadvantages of simulation models, such as Live, Virtual and Constructive models. As a study on the interoperation of L-V-C simulation, this paper suggests effective interoperation method between Virtual and Constructive simulation models and demonstrates small-size intagrated combat training model through V-C Test-Bed.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.334-342
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• 1992

Background: The activated T lymphocyte by inhalaed mycobacterial antigen may evoke cell-mediated immunity in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis. These activated lymphocyte may influence the response of tuberculin-purified protein derivative (PPD) in skin test. But occasionally, anergy to PPD appear in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in spite of active stage. Thus we evaluated the effect of change of subtypes of lymphocyte in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) and peripheral blood on anergy to PPD in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis. Method: We performed tuberculin skin test and flow-cytometry analysis of lymphocytes obtained from BAL fluid and peripheral blood in 11 healthy normal volunteers and 20 patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis. Results: 1) The composition of lymphocyte significantly increased in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis when compared with that in healthy control ($25.2{\pm}4.8$ vs $6.5{\pm}1.3%$, p<0.01), but composition of monocyte significantly decreased ($69.6{\pm}5.7$ vs $89.2{\pm}1.4%$, p<0.05) in analysis of BAL fluid. 2) There were no differences in compositions of cells in BAL fluid between responders and no-responders to PPD. 3) The compositions of CD3 (+), CD4 (+), CD3 (+) IL-2R (+), CD3 (+) HLA-DR (+) significantly increased in BAL fluid when compared with those in peripheral blood in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis. But the composition of CDS (+), CD4/CDS were not different between BAL fluid and peripheral blood. 4) There were no correlations between response to PPD and compositions of cells and lymphocyte subtypes in BAL fluid and peripheral blood in all patients with tuberculosis, responders, and no-responders, respectively. Conclusion: From these results, we suggest no direct relationship between compositions of inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and we could not rule out the possibility of compartmentalization of activated lymphocyte involving in anergy to PPD in skin test in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis.