• BMB Reports
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.164-169
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• 2010

CpG-DNA, which contains unmethylated CpG dinucleotides in the context of specific sequences, has remarkable and diverse immunological effects, including induction of proinflammatory cytokine expression and regulation of the Th1/Th2 immune response. Here, we examined the immunostimulatory activities of double-stranded (ds) CpG-DNA in the human B cell line RPMI8226. To investigate whether dsCpG-DNA stimulates immune cells, we constructed a plasmid containing repeated dsCpG-DNA and produced dsCpG-DNA by PCR amplification and EcoR I digestion. PCR-amplified dsCpG-DNA alone did not have immmunostimulatory activity. However, dsCpGDNA encapsulated with lipofectin induced IL-8 promoter activation, HLA-DRA expression, and IL-8 expression in a CG sequence-independent manner. The effects of encapsulated dsCpGDNA were independent of minor endotoxin contamination. These findings suggest the potential use of dsCpG-DNA as a therapy for immune response regulation.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.128-135
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• 1984

Gamadi, a native rice cultivar from Nepal in which the panicle remains enclosed within its flag leaf sheath upto maturity, was crossed with different genetic marker testers of 12 linkage groups in order to analyze its linkage relationship. The results obtained from the experiment were summarized as follows: Normal segregations of all the genetic marker genes used in this experiment viz Cl, wx and Pla of linkage group I, Pn, Rd and Pub of linkage group III, and lg, g, Ps, gh, Hla, la, nl, bl, be and gl of linkage groups II, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, and XII respectively confirmed the previous results, and also strongly indicated that the genetic constituent of the Gamadi and marker testers is same. 'Gamadiness' (the panicle enclosing character) was controlled by two complementary dominant genes with the segregation ratio of 9 Gamadi to 7 normal panicle-exserting types. These genes have been temporarily proposed as G-a and G-b for gamadiness. G-a gene was found to be linked with the neckleaf gene (nl) of linkage group Ⅸ with the crossover value of 0.3733$\pm$0.027. G-b gene appeared to be associated with the brittle culm gene (bc) of the linkage group XI with the crossover value of 0.2725$\pm$0.061.TEX>0.061.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.699-722
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• 2019

It is difficult to observe the potential risks of lifting or turn-over operations in the early stages before a real operation. Therefore, many dynamic simulations have been designed to predict the risks and to reduce the possibility of accidents. These simulations, however, have usually been performed for predetermined and fixed scenarios, so they do not reflect the real-time control of an operator that is one of the most important influential factors in an operation; additionally, lifting or turn-over operations should be a collaboration involving more than two operators. Therefore, this study presents an integrated method for a collaborative simulation that allows multiple workers to operate together in the virtual world. The proposed method is composed of four components. The first component is a dynamic analysis that is based on multibody-system dynamics. The second component is VR (virtual reality) for the generation of realistic views for the operators. The third component comprises the control devices and the scenario generator to handle the crane in the virtual environment. Lastly, the fourth component is the HLA (high-level architecture)-based integrated simulation interface for the convenient and efficient exchange of the data through the middleware. To show the applicability of the proposed method, it has been applied to a block turn-over simulation for which one floating crane and two crawler cranes were used, and an offshore module installation for which a DCR (dual-crane rig) was used. In conclusion, the execution of the proposed method of this study is successful regarding the above two applications for which multiple workers were involved.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.183-189
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• 2008

The next-generation war game simulators need a technique that reuses resources disperse on the web, and reorganizes federates on the fly based on the various events in real time. So far, HLA-based federates limit their interoperability to military networks, and in syntax-level. Web services techniques are widely used in enterprise applications and provide many proven practices to extend interoperability between WAN resources in semantic level. Two problems are met in order to utilize web services into war-game simulator : 1) How to achieve semantic-level interoperability between federates disperse on WAN, 2) How to interoperate web-based federates and RTI-based federates. In this paper, we provide solutions to the problems and highlight advantages using web-based federates with an example of ASuW(Anti-Surface Warfare).

• Journal of KIISE
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.213-219
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• 2015

Simulation is used these days to verify the hypothesis or the new technology. In particular, National Defense Modeling & Simulation (M&S) is used to predict wartime situation and conduct the military training. National Defense M&S can be divided into three parts, live simulation, virtual simulation, and constructive simulation. Live simulation is based on the real environment, which allows more realistic sumulation; however, it has decreased budget efficiency, but reduced depictions of reality. In contrast, virtual and constructive simulations which are based on the virtual environment, have increased budget efficiency, but reduced depictions of reality. Thus, if the three parts of the M&S are combined to make the L-V-C combined environment, the disadvantages of each simulation can be complemented to increases the quality of the simulation. In this paper, a method of interworking heterogeneous simulation middeware for L-V-C combined environment is proposed, and the test results of interworking between Data Distribution Service (DDS) and High Level Architecture (HLA) are shown.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartA
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• v.10A no.2
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• pp.111-122
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• 2003

Military wargame simulation models must support the HLA in order to facilitate interoperability with other simulations, and using parallel simulation engines offer efficiency in reducing system overhead generated by propelling interoperability. However, legacy military simulation model engines process events using sequential event-driven method. This is due to problems generated by parallel processing such as synchronous reference to global data domains. Additionally. using legacy simulation platforms result in insufficient utilization of multiple CPUs even if a multiple CPU system is under use. Therefore, in this paper, we propose conversing the simulation engine to an object model-based parallel simulation engine to ensure military wargame model's improved system processing capability, synchronous reference to global data domains, external simulation time processing, and the sequence of parallel-processed events during a crash recovery. The converted parallel simulation engine is designed and implemented to enable parallel execution on a multiple CPU system (SMP).

• KSBB Journal
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• v.19 no.6 s.89
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• pp.415-420
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• 2004

All around the world, the rate of attack of cancer diseases has been going up and the number of cancer patients has been increasing every year. Cancer can be divided into malignant tumor and benign tumor according to its growth appearance. Many studies and experiments have been conducted and the various treatment are being created to find the way to care malignant. Dendritic cells (DCs), which is an agent of cancer treatments by using an immune reaction in our body, plays an important role to present by a tumor antigen to cytotoxic T-cell and help them to attack the tumor cell directly. However there are some defects of this therapy. Soluble human leukocyte antigen-immunoglobulin fusion protein (HLA-Ig) based artificial antigen presenting cell (aAPC) as the antigen presenting cell (APC) which is complement and overcome some of the limitations of dendritic cell-based vaccines and ex vivo expansion of human T cells is new method for cancer therapy. In this article, we are reviewing the role of DCs and the treatment with it, and searching for the possibility of the new development of immunotherapy for cancer.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.498-506
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• 2018

Recently, the US commanded a wargame simulation system of a combined ROK-US exercise with single federation. However, after the OPCON transfer, many limitations to the single federation have been cited such as security policies and information protection. We suggest a hierarchical federation as a way to overcome these problems. Regarding HLA rules, the participants use the same FOM and RTI in single federation. There are limitations to implement CI in applying heterogeneous FOMs and RTIs in current single federation. Therefore, we propose implementing CI with heterogeneous FOMs and RTIs in a hierarchical federation. This system overcomes the weaknesses of the system structure, which is a disadvantage of the single federation. In the federation test, we can apply heterogeneous FOMs and RTIs and achieve similar performance to the current combined exercise simulation. In conclusion, ROK should lead the simulation system of combined exercises using the CI after the OPCON transfer.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.220-227
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• 2022

The spread of antibiotic-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus, a gram-positive opportunistic pathogen, has increased due to the frequent use of antibiotics. Inhibition of the quorum-sensing systems of biofilm-producing strains using plant extracts represents an efficient approach for controlling infections. Torilis japonica is a medicinal herb showing various bioactivities; however, no studies have reported the anti-biofilm effects of T. japonica extracts against drug-resistant S. aureus. In this study, we evaluated the inhibitory effects of T. japonica ethanol extract (TJE) on biofilm production in methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) KCTC 1927, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) KCCM 40510, and MRSA KCCM 40511. Biofilm assays showed that TJE could inhibit biofilm formation in all strains. Furthermore, the hemolysis of sheep blood was found to be reduced when the strains were treated with TJE. The mRNA expression of agrA, sarA, icaA, hla, and RNAIII was evaluated using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction to determine the effect of TJE on the regulation of genes encoding quorum sensing-related virulence factors in MSSA and MRSA. The expression of hla reduced in a concentration-dependent manner upon treatment with TJE. Moreover, the expression levels of other genes were significantly reduced compared to those in the control group. In conclusion, TJE can suppress biofilm formation and virulence factor-related gene expression in MSSA and MRSA strains. The extract may therefore be used to develop treatments for infections caused by antibiotic-resistant S. aureus.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.249-259
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• 2010

Synthetic environment data used in defense M&S fields, which came from various organization and source, are consumed and managed by their own native database system in distributed environment. But to manage these diverse data while interoperation in HLA/RTI environment, neutral synthetic environment data model is necessary to transmit the data between native database. By the support of DMSO, SEDRIS was developed to achieve this requirement and this specification guarantees loss-less data representation, interchange and interoperability. In this research, to use SEDRIS as a standard simulation database, base research, visualization for validation, data interchange experiment through test-bed was done. This paper shows each research case, result and future research direction, to propose standardized SEDRIS usage process.