• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• v.8 no.3
• /
• pp.336-341
• /
• 2014

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: It is expected that dairy products such as cheeses, which are the main source of cholesterol and saturated fat, may lead to the development or increase the risk of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases; however, the results of different studies are inconsistent. This study was conducted to assess the association between cheese consumption and cardiovascular risk factors in an Iranian adult population. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Information from the Isfahan Healthy Heart Program (IHHP) was used for this cross-sectional study with a total of 1,752 participants (782 men and 970 women). Weight, height, waist and hip circumference measurement, as well as fasting blood samples were gathered and biochemical assessments were done. To evaluate the dietary intakes of participants a validated food frequency questionnaire, consists of 49 items, was completed by expert technicians. Consumption of cheese was classified as less than 7 times per week and 7-14 times per week. RESULTS: Higher consumption of cheese was associated with higher C-Reactive Protein (CRP), apolipoprotein A and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level but not with fasting blood sugar (FBS), total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglyceride (TG) and apolipoprotein B. Higher consumption of cheese was positively associated with consumption of liquid and solid oil, grain, pulses, fruit, vegetable, meat and dairy, and negatively associated with Global Dietary Index. After control for other potential confounders the association between cheese intake and metabolic syndrome (OR: 0.81; 96%CI: 0.71-0.94), low HDL-C level (OR: 0.87; 96%CI: 0.79-0.96) and dyslipidemia (OR: 0.88; 96%CI: 0.79-0.98) became negatively significant. CONCLUSION: This study found an inverse association between the frequency of cheese intake and cardiovascular risk factors; however, further prospective studies are required to confirm the present results and to illustrate its mechanisms.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.261-269
• /
• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and diagnostic components in adult women. Methods: The subjects of this study were 12,016 women that were aged twenty years or older and underwent an annual health check-up for National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) from 2009 to 2013. Data including blood pressure, waist circumstance, fasting glucose, triglyceride, and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were received from the NHIS. This data was analyzed through the use of descriptive statistics, ${\chi}^2$-test, and multiple logistic regression. Results: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome and diagnostic components increased with age. In the five diagnostic components of the metabolic syndrome, the prevalence of low HDL-C was highest in 20s to 40s. The prevalence of high blood pressure was highest in the people aged fifty or older. The risk of metabolic syndrome in 2013 was higher in women with abnormal diagnostic component of metabolic syndrome in 2009 and highest in women with abnormal waist circumstance in 2009. Conclusion: There was a need to investigate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome components according to age. Education on metabolic syndrome was required for those that had one or two abnormal diagnostic components. The risk of abdominal obesity related to metabolic syndrome needs to be emphasized. Moreover the education for management of abdominal obesity also needs to be emphasised.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.33 no.12
• /
• pp.967-977
• /
• 2023

Rubus crataegifolius (RC) is a traditional Asian medicinal plant belonging to the Rosaceae family. The fruits of RC are known to prevent adult diseases through antioxidants. In this study, the effects of RC extract (RCex) on obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) were evaluated in animal models. Twenty-eight male C57BL/6J mice were induced to become obese for 8 weeks and then the extract was orally administered for 8 weeks. RCex reduced body weight, adipose tissue, liver weight. RCex improved biochemical biomarkers including lipid metabolism (alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), plasma triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol). The activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) reduced the expression of adipogenesis genes (liver × receptor (LXR), sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), fatty acid synthesis (FAS), acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1) and the effect of enhancing carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT) activity by RCex was verified. RCex also influence on plasma production of hormones (adiponectin & leptin) related on energy expenditure and metabolism. In addition, we confirmed that RCex improved glucose intolerance in HFD-induced obese rats. RCex was first demonstrated to have anti-obesity as well as anti-NAFLD effects by regulating fatty acid oxidation and fatty acid synthesis by phosphorylation of AMPK. This suggests that RCex could be a good supplement for the prevention of obesity and related NAFLD.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.44 no.5
• /
• pp.641-648
• /
• 2015

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of dried Dendropanax morbifera leaf extracts on lipid profiles of mice fed a high-fat and -cholesterol diet (HFCD). ICR mice were divided into six groups based on mice fed AIN-93G diet (Normal), HFCD (Control), HFCD+100 mg/kg/d of D. morbifera leaf aqueous extract (DA-100), HFCD+200 mg/kg/d of D. morbifera leaf aqueous extract (DA-200), HFCD+100 mg/kg/d of D. morbifera leaf ethanol extract (DE-100), or HFCD+200 mg/kg/d of D. morbifera leaf ethanol extract (DE-200) for 7 weeks. The final body weights of mice fed D. morbifera extracts were all lower than those of the control group. Mice treated with D. morbifera extracts showed significantly reduced plasma and hepatic triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, along with increased plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level. Fecal TG level was higher in DE-100 and DE-200 groups and TC level was significantly higher in the DA-200 and DE-200 groups. Relative liver weight, spleen weight, and testicle fat weight in mice treated with D. morbifera were reduced compared to the control group. Plasma insulin, aspartate transaminase, and alanine transaminase levels of experimental groups were also lower than those of the control group. All mice treated with D. morbifera extracts had lower malondialdehyde (MDA) content and higher superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity than the control group. Particularly MDA levels of the DA-200 and DE-200 groups and SOD levels of the DE-200 group were identical to levels of the normal group. These results suggest that D. morbifera extracts have lipid improvement effects in mice fed a HFCD.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.217-224
• /
• 2014

A total of 150 growing ducks were assigned to five dietary treatments to study the effect of sea tangle and charcoal (STC) supplementation on growth performance and meat characteristics in a completely randomized design. There were six replicates and five ducklings in each replication. The five dietary treatments were control, antibiotic, and 0.1%, 0.5%, and 1% STC supplemented diets. No significant differences were found on ADG, ADFI, and gain:feed among treatments in different weeks. The overall (0 to 3 weeks) ADFI decreased in antibiotic treatment (p<0.05) whereas the gain:feed increased significantly upon 1.0% STC supplementation compared to control (p<0.05). No significant variation was found in meat chemical composition except crude fat content which was high in 1.0% STC dietary group (p<0.05). Meat cholesterol was reduced in 0.1% STC group (p<0.05) compared to other dose levels while serum cholesterol was unaffected. High density lipoprotein (HDL) content was high in 1.0% STC (p<0.05) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) was low in 0.1% and 1.0% STC dietary groups (p = 0.06). No significant effect was found on the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) of fresh meat, whereas the TBARS value of meat preserved for 1 week was reduced significantly in STC dietary groups (p<0.05). The 0.1% STC dietary group showed an increased myristic acid (p = 0.07) content whereas, the content of eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids increased in STC supplementation than antibiotic group (p<0.05). An increased concentration of omega-3 fatty acids and a reduced ratio of n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio was found upon 1.0% STC supplementation compared to antibiotic dietary group (p<0.05). Therefore, 1.0% STC dietary supplementation can be used as alternatives to antibiotics in duck production.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• v.63 no.2
• /
• pp.380-393
• /
• 2021

This study aimed to determine the blood lipid profiles, fatty acid composition, and lipogenic enzyme activities in rat adipose tissues as affected by the Angus beef fat (ABF) and Hanwoo beef fat (HBF) containing high oleic acid (OA) content. We assigned 60 Sprague Dawley rats with a mean bodyweight of 249 ± 3.04 g to three groups (n = 20 each) to receive diets containing 7% coconut oil (CON), 7% ABF, or 7% HBF. The OA content was highest in the HBF (45.23%) followed by ABF (39.51%) and CON (6.10%). The final body weight of the HBF-fed group was significantly increased, probably due to increased feed intake, indicating the palatability of the diet. The HBF and ABF significantly increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), decreased triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) levels, and also tended to attenuate glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) levels in the bloodstream of the rats compared to CON. As compared to CON, lauric, myristic, and palmitic acids were significantly lower, and those of OA and α-linolenic acid (ALA) were significantly higher in the adipose tissues of HBF and ABF-fed groups. The HBF and ABF also reduced lipogenesis as induced by depleted fatty acid synthase (FAS) activity in rat adipose tissues. Nevertheless, between the two fats, HBF showed high feed intake due to its high palatability but reduced lipogenic enzyme activity, specifically that of FAS, and increased HDL-C, decreased TC and TG levels in the bloodstream, reduced saturated fatty acids (SFA), and increased oleic and ALA contents in rat adipose tissues indicating that HBF consumption does not pose significant risks of cardiovascular disease.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• v.2 no.4
• /
• pp.289-294
• /
• 2008

Pre-B-cell leukemia transcription factor 1 (PBX1), which is located on chromosome 1q23, was recently reported to be associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus. We examined whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the PBX1 gene are associated with overweight/obesity in a Korean population. We genotyped 66 SNPs in the PBX1 gene and investigated their association with clinical phenotypes found in 214 overweight/obese subjects and 160 control subjects using the Affymetrix Targeted Genotyping chip array. Seven SNPs (g.+75l86C>T, g.+78350C>A, g.+80646C>T, g.+138004C>T, g.+185219G>A, g.+191272A>C, and g.+265317T>A) were associated with the risk of obesity in three models (codominant, dominant, and recessive) (P=0.007-0.05). Haplotype 1 (CAC) and 3 (TAC) of block 3 and haplotype 2 (GGAAT) of block 10 were also strongly associated with the risk of obesity. In the control group, subjects that had homozygote for the major allele for both g.+185219G>A and g.+191272A>C showed lower high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) level compared to those possessing the minor allele, suggesting that the association between the homozygote for the major allele for both g.+185219G>A and g.+191272A>C and HDL-C is attributable to the increased risk of obesity. This study suggests that the PBX1 gene is a possible risk factor in overweight/obese patients.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.18 no.5
• /
• pp.1426-1436
• /
• 2004

There have been several reports on the relationship between G protein β3 subunit gene (GNB3), angiotensin converting enzyme gene (ACE), β3-adrenergic receptor gene (ADRB3), and β2-adrenergic receptor gene (ADRB2) genotype and obesity or obesity related disease. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between the combinations of these four genes' polymorphism and probability of obesity related disease in Korean female subjects. The experimental group was consisted of 85 obese Korean female subjects (body mass index, BMI≥27㎏/㎡). To determine the polymorphism, genomic DNA was isolated, and PCR was performed. Serological examinations (fasting plasma glucose, FPG; aspartate aminotranferase, AST; alanine aminotransferase, ALT; total cholesterol, TC; triglyceride, TG; high density lipoprotein-cholesterol, HDL; low density lipoprotein-choles terol, LDL) were carried by an autoanalyzer and serological methods. BMI, waist circumference (WC), hip circumference and waist hip ratio (WHR) were measured. Consequencely in the analysis with grouping of general genotyping and variant allele carrier/non-carrier, the result was not significantly different within all gene combinations and polymorphic pairings except higher waist circumference in Arg16Arg group of ADRB2 codon16 (P=0.024). And there was no significantly contrast result about age, height, weight, AST and ALT that are index feature of liver and gall bladder disease in polymorphic pairings of gene combinations. However, the statistical analysis of waist-hip ratio and waist circumference that could be recognized as the physical type of obesity showed T-Arg16 pairing carrier in GNB3-ADRB2 codon16 combination had increased WHR and WC significantly (P=0.046 and P=0.015 respectively). Futhermore, the levels of total cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein choresteral (LDL) were significantly lower in C-I pairing of GNB3-ACE combination (P=0.032 and P=0.005). These results suggest that the T-Arg16 pairing carrier in GNB3-ADRB2 codon16 gene might have increased waist circumference and C-I pairing carrier in GNB3-ACE combination have lower possibility of contraction of cardiovascular disease related cholesterol and LDL despite of obese state.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.37 no.4
• /
• pp.636-641
• /
• 2005

Mulberry leaves, high in dietary fiber and some nutritional materials, are thought to have hypocholesterolemic effect. Therefore, effect of mulberry leaf powder on serum lipid profiles were studied using rats with diet-induced hypercholesterolemia. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed AIN-93 diet (control group), and diets containing high-cholesterol and 0% mulberry leaves powder, high-cholesterol and 5% mulberry leaves powder, and high-cholesterol and 10% mulberry leaves powder for 4 weeks. Hypercholesterolemia was induced by adding 1% cholesterol and 0.5% cholic acid to all diets except in control group. Although no differences were observed in food intake and initial body weight among groups, mulberry leaf treatment resulted in significant decreases in food efficiency ratio and body weight gain. Mulberry leaf treatment decreased serum lipid profiles, atherogenic index, cardiac risk factor, low density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, serum aspartate transaminase, and liver lipid levels. High density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, serum HDL-cholesterol, and fecal lipid levels increased, suggesting mulberry leaves could improve hyperlipidemia and liver action, thereby proventing cardiovascular disease.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• v.5 no.5
• /
• pp.421-428
• /
• 2011

${\alpha}$-Lipoic acid and L-carnosine are powerful antioxidants and are often used as a health supplement and as an ergogenic aid. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of ${\alpha}$-lipoic acid and/or L-carnosine supplementation on antioxidant activity in serum, skin, and liver of rats and blood lipid profiles for 6 weeks. Four treatment groups received diets containing regular rat chow diet (control, CON), 0.5% ${\alpha}$-lipoic acid (ALA), 0.25% ${\alpha}$-lipoic acid+0.25% L-carnosine (ALA+LC), or 0.5% L-carnosine (LC). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and lipid peroxidation products, malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations, were analyzed in serum, skin, and liver. Blood lipid profiles were measured, including triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Skin and liver SOD activities of the ALA and LC groups were higher than those of the CON group (P<0.05), but serum SOD activity was higher only in the LC group compared to that in the CON group (P<0.05). Additionally, only liver GSH-Px activity in the LC group was higher than that of the CON and the other groups. Serum and skin MDA levels in the ALA and LC groups were lower than those in the CON group (P<0.05). Serum TG and TC in the ALA and ALA+LC groups were lower than those in the CON and LC groups (P<0.05). The HDL-C level in the LC group was higher than that in any other group (P<0.05). LDL-C level was lower in the ALA+LC and LC groups than that in the CON group (P<0.05). Thus, ${\alpha}$-lipoic acid and L-carnosine supplementation increased antioxidant activity, decreased lipid peroxidation in the serum, liver, and skin of rats and positively modified blood lipid profiles.