• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.21-34
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• 2016

Objectives: This is to review drinking behavior and policies to reduce harms caused by alcohol use in Korea and to discuss their implications from a health promotion perspective. Methods: A purported selection was made to include extant literature on drinking behaviors and alcohol control policies into this review. For drinking behaviors reports of national health statistics were used while reports of alcohol control policies submitted to public institutes/organizations were selected for review. Results: Alcohol consumption per capita indicates stable trends over the last two decades. However, percentages of drinkers with high risk drinking over time vary; men remains stable while female appears to increase. Relatively, a few data and/or reports were available about harms derived from alcohol use. Although there are alcohol policies being cost-effective to deal with alcohol related harm in Western society, few alcohol policy available in Korea of being effective, cost-effective with respect to reduction of harms associated with alcohol use. Conclusions: Policy emphasis should be shift from drinkers to availability of alcohol to reduce alcohol related harms with taking health in all policies into consideration. Both statutory mechanism and public acceptance should be of high priority in putting recommended alcohol policy into action.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.75-91
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• 1973

It is a general trend in the world that female workers are drastically increasing due to the facts that highly developed capitalism requires women's job, women are inspired to work, housewives can shorten their working hours for house-keeping and save their energy from their routine works, educational expenses of their children become larger, large among of modities has stimulated purchasing desire. Since the International Treaty on Prohibition of Female's Night Labor was agreed at the Bern's Conference in 1906, the International Labor Organization (I.L.O.) established after the World War II, has adopted innumerable international labor treaties. According to the laws of the advanced countries, the first priority of their protection has been placed on juvenile and female workers. The legal protection of female workers and equal treatments such as wage and promotion between men and women have become important world problems. In this thesis, the great principle of the Labor Standard Law, protection regarding working house, risk and harm in performance of jobs, protection of mother-workers, protection of women workers in advanced countries and the present status of welfare facilities for women workers in our country will be studied. The most important points this thesis has placed stress and appealed, are as follows : 1. The scope and variety of women workers' jobs should be broadened. 2. Opportunity for promotion should be guaranteed for women workers based upon the ability and capacity of individual woman worker. 3. Equal wage principle between men and women workers, should be established based upon the idea that men and women should be equal. 4. The age limit or marriage limit of employment applied only to female workers, should be abrogated. 5. The ability of middle and old aged women workers should be developed and utilized to the maximum extent. 6. Welfare facilities for women workers, should be urgently secured and guaranteed.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.38 no.8
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• pp.13-27
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• 2000

The background of single animal figures was originated from those northern mounted nomadic groups, which was Scythe style Culture. The art of the nomads working in the Scythian idiom was small in size and essentially decorative in intention, yet practically every object which can be associated with any unit in this group of people possesses many of the attributes essential to a real work of art. Clarity of conception, purity of form, co-ordination of rhythm and balance, and not least, an understanding and respect for the material employed were triumphantly blended by the Eurasian nomads to produce a distinctive style. In Scythian art the multitude of animal representations well illustrates the reoccupation of this nomadic people with animals in their environment. Usually only wild animals are represented. Commonly depicted are: stags and deer, lions or other large cats, eagles, birds heads (perhaps of ravens), griffins, snakes, hares, fish, goats, rams, boars, moose (elk), yak, sheep and bears. The occasional exception to the wild animal rule is domesticated horses-important because the Scythians were horse bleeders and their whole culture revolved around their dependence on the horse. The nomads had little reason to create object in honour of gods or men, but they had an instinct for beauty and the wish to surround themselves with the animal forms in which they had come to delight The Scytians tried to combine in a single rendering all the salient points of the animal they were delineating. They archived considerable success in the difficult task of showing in a single image the various and often incompatible poses assumed by a single animal in the course of its life. Zoomorphic motifs were used not simple for decorative effect, but to trim the object into amulets, with magical power to assist in hunting, and to protect the owner from harm.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.108-115
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• 2016

Aggression and aggressive behaviors, often explained as harmful social interaction with the intention of hurting or inflicting damage upon another, have been considered as an adaptive mechanism from the evolutionary psychological point of view. However, various studies on aggression and aggressive behaviors have been done with psychopathological approach as the extreme aggressive behaviors may harm themselves and others at the same time. Recently, researchers have attempted to explain aggression in terms of neurobiological substrates rather than based on traditional psychopathological and/or behavioral concept. In this regard, there have been findings of differences in neurotransmitters and their receptors, and genetic polymorphisms. In this review article, we provide a brief overview of the literature about seven most frequently reported neurotransmitters including neurohormones (serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine, gamma-aminobutyric acid, nitric oxide, oxytocin and vasopressin) and an associated enzyme (monoamine oxidase A), which are known to be related with aggression and aggressive behaviors.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.351-369
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• 2016

Individual lifestyle and eating habits have changed rapidly due to the evolution of society. Especially, climate change caused by industrialization has influenced society, with the result that today's consumers perceive sustainability to be an important value. The purposes of this study were to segment consumers on the basis of their food-related lifestyle and to explore climate-friendly food consumption behavior by considering factors such as moral intensity, propensity for disgust with meat as well as consumer characteristics. The results of this study were as follows: first, consumers were segmented into three groups(high involvement, low involvement, convenience oriented). Consumers in the high involvement group presented a higher level of moral intensity and climate-friendly food consumption behavior than the other groups. Furthermore, factors influencing the selection of climate-friendly food were found to differ according to the type of consumer. Consumers in the high involvement group were found to be significantly influenced by age, concentration of effect, the morality of eating meat and meat texture, while consumers in the low involvement were found to be significantly influenced by social consensus and the morality of eating meat. Finally, consumers in the convenience oriented group for food life were found to be significantly influenced by age, harm perception, and the morality of eating meat.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.99-105
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• 2012

Objectives : This study aims to identify temperament and characteristics of cannabis and methamphetamine abusers for elucidating psycho-biological variables related to certain substance abuse. Methods : A total of 320 patients who registered in the 'Hepatitis C cohorts study of intravenous drug users' between March 2006 and March 2010 participated in this study. Data on demographic variables were obtained and the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) and measures for nicotine dependence, alcohol dependence, depression and anxiety were assessed. After comparing TCI between cannabis, methamphetamine, and co-abusers, correlations between TCI and other clinical variables were examined. Results : The methamphetamine abuser group showed significantly higher scores in Novelty Seeking (NS2) and Harm Avoidance (HA3) in temperament than the cannabis abuser and co-abuser groups, whereas the cannabis abuser group had higher scores in purposefulness (SD2), congruent second nature (SD5), and self-directedness (SD) in character than the methamphetamine abuser group. In addition, temperaments and characters correlated with various psychiatric symptoms. Conclusions : We found the differences in temperament and characters among cannabis abusers, methamphetamine abusers. These findings might contribute to further understanding of mechanisms of cannabis and methamphetamine abuse.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.101-108
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• 2011

Objectives The aim of this study is to explore the association among DRD4 polymorphism, temperament and alcohol drinking behavior of Koreans in their early adulthood. Method Participants were 172 healthy Korean adults (mean age $28.1{\pm}0.8$). Their temperament was assessed with the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) and their alcohol drinking behavior were evaluated with a self-reported questionnaire including the CAGE and the Korean version of Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT-K). DRD4 exon III 48 base pair variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) was genotyped by PCR. Results No significant association was found between DRD4 polymorphism and TCI temperament dimension (novelty seeking, harm avoidance, reward dependence, and persistence) as well as alcohol drinking behavior scales. However, novelty seeking was significantly associated with alcohol drinking behavior. The higher level of novelty seeking was associated with the higher severity index of drinking (B = -0.225, p < 0.001) and problematic alcohol use on the CAGE and AUDIT-K [Odds Ratio (OR) = 1.111, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.021-1.209, p = 0.015, OR = 1.087, 95% CI 1.009-1.170, p = 0.028]. Conclusion In our study, while there is no significant association of DRD4 polymorphism with temperament and alcohol drinking behavior, novelty seeking affects problematic alcohol use. Results suggest that novelty seeking may play an important role in problematic alcohol use in young Korean adults.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.85-113
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• 2009

In this paper, the Judgment 2007DA76290 of the Korean Supreme Court was analysed in two points of the legal theory and litigation. The judgment arouses some issues of medical malpractice liability. They includes the concept of the complications and permanent lesion and the difference between them, some problems in a judge's applying the requirements for the physician's tort liability to the medical malpractice situations, the theory of obligation de moyens related with the burden of proof of the negligent conduct for a physician's liability for misperformance of contract, the influence of a patient's physical conditions on the physician's liability, the breach of duty to disclose in selecting the safer one of the treatment methods bringing about the complications or leaving the permanent lesion and so on. In the situations of the case referred to above, the plaintiff should have tried to establish that a reasonable physician in the specific situation of the case would have substituted the safer method of treatment for the method in the case. If the plaintiff had succeeded in establishing it, he or she could have recovered even the physical harm resulting from the permanent lesion brought about by the complications of the specific treatment in the case. The plaintiff failed to do so and recovered only the emotional distress which the patient suffered owing to the physician's breach of the duty to disclose. Therefore the legal malpractice of the counsel might be found in this case.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.159-165
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• 2006

Objective : It Is known that depression disorder has been related to chronic pains such as HIVD and physical harm. We propose that chronic cervical and lumbar herniations of intervertebral disc patients have emotional and psychiatric problems, therefore we compared it to Beck's Depression Inventory scores. Method : We divided them into two groups: The groups consisted of cervical and lumbar HIVD patients. We then requested them to fill out BDI research questionnaires, and evaluated patients according to the information and results. Result : The Beck's Depression Inventory mean score for the cervical - lumbar HIVD group was $14.00{\pm}5.80$, $10.83{\pm}$5.64 each. Higher Scores were recorded for cervical HIVD group than the lumbar HIVD group. Conclusion : There is statistical significance among two groups.(p<.05) however, the two groups' BDI score were lower than the defined boundary line of Depression disorder(16 points).

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.83-92
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• 2012

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the psychological factors of Sasang constitutions which are classified by QSCC II(Questionnaire for Sasang Constitution Classification II) using major personality tests which are based on western psychological theory. Methods: 151 college students completed the MMPI-2, MBTI, NEO-PI-R, TCI-RS, and QSCC II. The data were analyzed by ANOVA and post hoc testing to find which personality scale significantly differentiated each Sasang constitution style. Results: MMPI-2, scale 2(D), 5(Mf), 7(Pt), 0(Si) and introversion scale(INTR) showed significant differences between Soeumin and Soyangin. Also, on the dimension of introversion-extraversion in MBTI, and neuroticism(N) and extraversion(E) in NEO-PI-R, there were differences between Soeumin and the other two constitutions(Soyangin and Taeeumin). Finally, in TCI-RS, there were differences between Soeumin and Soyangin on the scale of novelty seeking(NS) and reward dependence(RD), and with regards to the harm avoidance scale(HA), Soeumin received a higher score than any other constitutions. Conclusions: The analysis demonstrates that the classification of QSCC II is most consistent between Soeumin and Soyangin across 4 major personality tests.