• Proceedings of the International Microelectronics And Packaging Society Conference
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• 2001.07a
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• pp.63-92
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• 2001

·EC's/Japanese environmental regulation drive the Pb-free/Halogen-free application ·Most Japanese electronics companies are preparing the green products. ·All items concerning to Pb-free/halogen-free technology should be coparallely designed and developed. ·More works need to clear the unknowns on Pb-free materials ·Need of consensus on materials and standards ·EBM (Environmental Benign Manufacturing)

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.205-207
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• 2005

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.533-534
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• 2009

• Proceedings of the International Microelectronics And Packaging Society Conference
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• 2001.09a
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• pp.21-50
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• 2001

EC's/Japanese environmental regulation drive the Pb-free/Halogen-free application. Most Japanese electronics companies are preparing the green products. All items concerning to Pb-free/Halogen-ree technology should be coparallely designed and developed. More works need to clear the unknowns on Pb-free materials. Need of consensus on materials and standards. EBM (Environmental Benign Manufacturing)

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.553-564
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• 2021

This study analyzed the the risk of halogen lamp for pigsty heating and its fire prevention. Halogen lamps are used for keeping warm in pen because of their excellent economy and convenience. However, there is a high risk of fire due to poor safety management and exposure to animal movements. In fact, after exploring old pigsty and cattle shed, it was easy to confirm that they were exposed to fire risks. We noted this point and studied the possibility of fire by experiment due to combustible contact with halogen lamp and carelessness in use. The experiment was conducted under conditions similar to the actual use environment. After installing halogen lamps to the height used in actual pen, the temperature change was observed with infrared camera with straw, sawdust and rice husks on the floor. And assuming abnormal conditions, the experiment was also conducted under conditions the lamp dropped on the floor or combustible material came into contact with the glass tube inside the lamp. If halogen lamps were used in normal condition, there was no risk of fire. However, in abnormal use environments, smoke comes out or even ignited. Even if it is convenient for use or highly utilized, high risk of fire will require setting up fire prevention measures or regulation of use. Through in-depth fire investigation and research, we should promote the risk of fire and make efforts to prevent fire to minimize human life and property damage.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.528-535
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• 1997

$LiTaO_3$ single crystals of congruently melting composition were grown by the halogen lamp type floating zone system. Calcination and sintering parameters for the growth were established. Optimum crystal growth conditions were investigated by a controlling of growth rates, rotation speeds and atmospheres. Based on the melting aspect and the shape of molten zone, stable conditions could not be found in air or Na atmosphere. However the growth stability in Ar atmosphere was more regular than that in air or $N_2$. The grown crystals were characterized using Laue back reflection, Curie temperature, refractive index and transmittance. Curie temperature fluctuation in the section of the grown crystal part of top, body and tail was $1^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.102-107
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• 2012

Halogen lamp was applied to fabricate the selective emitter crystalline silicon solar cell. In selective emitter structure, the recombination of minority carriers is reduced with heavily doped emitter under metal grid, consequently improving the conversion efficiency. Laser selective emitter process which is recently used the most generally induces the damage on the silicon surface. However the lamp has enough heat to form heavily doped emitter layer by diffusing phosphorus from PSG without surface damage. In this work, we have studied to find the design and the suitable condition for halogen lamp such as power, time, temperature and figured out the possibility to fabricate the selective emitter silicon solar cell by lamp heating. The sheet resistance with $100{\Omega}/{\Box}$ was lower to $50{\Omega}/{\Box}$ after halogen lamp treatment. Heat transfer to lightly doped emitter region was blocked by using the shadow mask.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.22-33
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• 2018

The amount of halogen clean fire extinguishing agents has been increased by the excellent features of extinguishing, adaptability and no residue. On the other hand in situations without a hazard assessment and safety standard of agents, chemical accidents by the agents occurs frequently. This study was performed to propose the halogen clean agents' regulatory exposure limit and safety standard including the quantitative ventilation system with gas leak monitoring, hazard recognition and optimal personal protection selection through a literature review and experimental research.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.156-161
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the polymerization ability of three different light sources by microhardness test. Stainless steel molds of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 mm in thickness of 7 mm in diameter were prepared. The hybrid composite Z100 was packed into the hole of the mold and curing light was activated for designated time. Three different light sources, conventional halogen, light emitting diode, and plasma arc, were used for curing of composite. Two different curing times applied ; one is to follow the manufacturers recommendation and the other is to extend the curing time of LED and plasma arc for balancing the light energy with halogen. Immediately after curing, the Vickers hardness was measured at the bottom of specimen. The results were as follows. 1 The composite cured with LED showed equal to higher microhardnesss than halogen. 2. The composite was cured with plasma arc by manufacturers recommendation showed lowest micro-hardness at all thickness. However, when curing time was extended, microhardness was higher than the others. In conclusion, this study suggested that plasma arc needs properly extended curing time.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.313-322
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• 2014

Among many types of flame retardants, the most available halogen-containing flame retardants were put under environmental restrictions in their use, so non-halogen type phosphorus-based flame retardants have come into the spotlight. When added to resins, flame retardants commonly bring about thermal degradation and decrease in mechanical properties of resins. Studies of new flame retardants were carried out in an attempt to minimize degradation of physical properties and require enough flame retardancy. In this study, three types of non-halogen phosphorus-based flame retardants were synthesized with diaryl alkyl phosphate esters, aromatic phosphate esters and phosphonium nitron flame retardants, which were then identified for the synthesis and thermal properties by gas chromatography (GC), IR and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA).