• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.457-463
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• 2008

The sex steroid hormone estradiol-$17{\beta}(E_2)$ mediate their biological effects on development, differentiation and maintenance of reproductive tract and other target tissue through gene regulation by nuclear steroid receptors. Although the importance of $E_2$ in many physiological process has been reported, but little is known about the effects of $E_2$ on primary cultured chicken hepatocyte. therefore, in the present study, we have examined the effect of $E_2$ on cell proliferation and it's related signal cascades. $E_2$ increase $[^3H]$-thymidine incorporation in time-(${\leq}8hr$) and dose-($10^{-10}M$)dependent manner and treatment of $E_2$ increased the phosphorylation of p44/43 MAPKs(p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase) and JNK(c-Jun N-terminal kinase) in a time dependent manner. In addition, PD98059(p44/42 blocker, $10^{-5}M$), SP600125(JNK blocker, $10^{-6}M$) blocked the estrogen-induced increase in $[^3H]$-thymidine incorporation. In conclusion, $E_2$ stimulates the proliferation of primary cultured chicken hepatocytes and this action is mediated by p44/42 MAPKs and JNK signal transduction pathway.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.126-133
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• 1998

Effects of B(a)P on preimplantation mouse embryos in vitro were studied. Preimplantation mouse embryos were exposed to a concentration of 0.3, 1, 3 and 10 $\mu$M B(a)P for 72 hrs. The toxicological effects of B(a)P were evaluated by morphological observation of embryos up to the blastocyst stage, and by measuring DNA, RNA and protein synthesis by radioactive precursor incorporation. At 1 $\mu$M B(a)P did not affect preimplantation development but interfered with hatching and ICM formation. Suppressing effect of ICM formation was dose dependent. At the eight cell stage, the developmental rate was decreased at above 3 $\mu$M of B(a)P. At the blastocyst stage, attachment and trophoblast outgrowth were diminished at the 10 $\mu$M of B(a)P and ICM formation was decreased at 1 $\mu$M of B(a)P. Inner cell number of blastocyst was decreased dose dependently. So, number of ICM was one of the most sensitive and toxicological end point. The RNA incorporation rate of 0.1 $\mu ^3$H-uridine was dosedependent and the protein incroporation of 0.5 $\mu Ci ^{35}$S-methionine showed a significant decrease after 48 hrs. But the DNA incorporation rate of methyl-$^3$H thymidine was not affected. Our results suggested that B(a)P did not affect the DNA replication but transcription was inhibited by dose dependent manner. There delay of development during the blastocyst stage was mainly due to the inhibition of RNA synthesis followed by protein synthesis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.1074-1077
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• 2004

The effect of gradient eluted fractions from Et$_2$O extracts of Polyporus umbellatus screlotium was investigated on the viability of leukemia cell lines, K-562, L-1210, HL-60 and U-937 cells. Among those fractions, fraction 2 showed mild cytotoxic effect on L-1210 and HL-60 cells. Fraction 3 showed cytotoxic effect on 4 cell lines, and cytotoxic effect was the most potent on L-1210. The hallmark of apoptosis, DNA fragmentation, also appeared by fraction 3 on L-1210 after 48 hr treatment. Furthermore, this fraction was shown to be able to induce cell death on L-1210 cells by the inhibition of DNA synthesis in [$^3$H]thymidine incorporation test. From these results, P. umbellatus involves a potent chemical component that inhibits the viability of leukemia cell lines, L-1210. Further studies about the components of fraction 3 to function as a apoptosis inducer are necessary.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.663-666
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• 2004

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.3 s.39
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• pp.54-65
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• 1999

Objectives: Hepatoma is a very serious disease in Korea and vvorldwiclc. Hepatitis B vims (HBV) has proved the most significant cause of hepatoma. We canied out this study to investigate the effect of Acanthopanax sessilifloms on inhibiting cell proliferation and DNA synthesis in HepG2.2.15 cell line and on inhibiting phosphorilation of oncogene (MAP kinase) in NIT/3T3-HBx ceIl. Methods: To investigate the anti-cancer effect of Acanthopanax sessiliflorus, we did the CellTiter 96 Aqueous Non-radioactive Cell Proliferation assay (Promega); MTS/PMS assay, [$^3H$]-thymicline incorporation assay, and we measured the gene expression through westem blotting. Results: Acanthopanax sessiliflorus showed an inhibiting effect on the increase of HepG2.2.15 in the NTS/PMS assay. It also showed an inhibiting effect on DNA synthesis of HepG2.2.15 in the [$^3H$]-thymidine incorporation assay. Acanthopanax sessiliflorus showed an inhibiting effect of phosphorilation of MAP kinase in HBV - X genes. too. Conclusions: The results suggested that this herb had an anti cancer effect. We may discover an effective anti-cancer herb medicine through further studies on this herb medicine.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.28 no.7
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• pp.517-524
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• 1991

The CVD process of BPSG (BoroPhosphoSilicate Glass) and its thin film properties were studied. B2H6, PH3, SiH4 and O2 gases were reacted in a AP (Atmospheric Pressure) CVD system in the temperature range of 300℃ and 460℃. The interaction of B2H6 and PH3 was studied from the deposition rate and dopant incorporation change point of view. The dependency of BPSG step coverage on the temperature was changed with different O2/(B2H6+PH3+SiH4) ratio. Finally, the boundary which distinguishes the stable BPSG's from the ones that react with Di (Deionized) water or cleaning chemicals such as H2SO4, HCl, H2O2, NH4OH etc could be defined.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.610-614
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• 2013

Massive intercalation of urea into montmorillonite (MUCH) was recently proposed to enhance urea use efficiency through smart suppression of emission of $NH_3$ and NOx. This study was to synthesize citrate-incorporated MUCH (Cit-MUCH) which can enhance suppression of $NH_3$ volatilization. The XRD pattern of Cit-MUCH was very similar to that of MUCH to indicate successful incorporation of citric acid into MUCH. Incorporation of citric acid was confirmed by the existence of $COO^-$ symmetric stretching vibration. During the initial 4 days after application, $NH_3$ volatilization from both bare and perilla-planted soils was much more suppressed by application of Cit-MUCH than MUCH. A peak volatilization rate decreased from 28.3 N mg $m^{-2}\;h^{-1}$ of MUCH-broadcasted soil to 22.2 N mg $m^{-2}\;h^{-1}$ of Cit-MUCH-broadcast soil. $NH_3$ volatilization was less in planted soil than bare soil for 72 hrs after application. These results showed that incorporation of citric acid led to increase in suppression of ammonia volatilization from urea-applied soils.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.374-380
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• 2011

Carbon coils could be synthesized on nickel catalyst layer-deposited silicon oxide substrate using $C_2H_2$ and $H_2$ as source gases and $SF_6$ as an additive gas under thermal chemical vapor deposition system. The characteristics (formation density and morphology) of as-grown carbon coils according to the injection stage of $SF_6$ gas incorporation were investigated. A continuous injecting of $SF_6$ gas flow could give rise to many types of carbon coils-related geometries, namely linear tub, micro-sized coil, nano-sized coil, and wave-like nano-sized coil. However, the limitation of the geometry as the nano-sized geometries of carbon coils could be achieved by the incorporation of $SF_6$ in a short time (1 min) during the initial deposition stage. A delayed injection of a short time $SF_6$ gas flow can deteriorate the limitation of the geometries. It confirms that the injection time and its starting point of $SF_6$ gas flow would be very important to determine the geometries of carbon coils.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.175-179
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• 2012

It is desirable that a wound healing membrane acts as a barrier for coverage of a damaged skin and has the biological activities such as anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, we prepared the hydrogel film containing the propolis nanoparticles as a wound healing membrane. The propolis nanoparticles were prepared by incorporation of propolis into the hydrophobic core of ${\gamma}$-cyclodextrin. The incorporation efficiency of propolis in the nanoparticles was $50{\pm}2.3%$. Propolis nanoparticles observed by a scanning electron microscope (SEM) were spherical with the size of 30~40 nm. The swelling behaviors of the hydrogel film containing propolis nanoparticles showed a similar pattern with the hydrogel film without propolis nanoparticles. The cumulative amount of propolis released from the hydrogel film containing propolis nanoparticles in the buffer of pH 7.4 and 5.5 was $86.0{\pm}2.0%$ and $64.6{\pm}1.0%$ of total propolis loaded in the hydrogel film within 9 h, respectively. These results provide a rationale for studying wound healing application of the hydrogel film containing propolis nanoparticles in a clinical setting.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.154-158
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• 2001

The steps for the generation of very thin GaN films on ultrathin AlN/6H-SiC surface by alternating a pulsative supply (APS) of trimethyl gallium and NH3 gases have been examined by ASED-MO calculations. We postulate that the gallium cul ster was formed with the evaporation of CH4 gases via the decomposition of trimethyl gallium (TMG), dimethyl gallium (DMG), and monomethyl galluim (MMG). During the injection of NH3 gas into the reactor, the atomic hydrogens were produced from the thermal decomposition of NH3 molecule. These hydrogen gases activated the Ga-C bond cleavage. An energetically stable GaN nucleation site was formed via nitrogen incorporation into the layer of gallium cluster. The nitrogen atoms produced from the thermal degradation of NH3 were expected to incorporate into the edge of the gallium cluster since the galliums bind weakly to each other (0.19 eV). The structure was stabilized by 2.08 eV, as an adsorbed N atom incorporated into a tetrahedral site of the Ga cluster. This suggests that the adhesion of the initial layer can be reinforced by the incorporation of nitrogen atom through the formation of large grain boundary GaN crystals at the early stage of GaN film growth.