• Animal Bioscience
• /
• v.36 no.1
• /
• pp.75-83
• /
• 2023

Objective: The objective of this study was to describe a methodological procedure to quantify the heat production (HP) partitioning in basal metabolism or fasting heat production (FHP), heat production due to physical activity (HPA), and the thermic effect of feeding (TEF) in roosters. Methods: Eighteen 54-wk-old Hy Line Brown roosters (2.916±0.15 kg) were allocated in an open-circuit chamber of respirometry for O₂ consumption (VO₂), CO₂ production (VCO₂), and physical activity (PA) measurements, under environmental comfort conditions, following the protocol: adaptation (3 d), ad libitum feeding (1 d), and fasting conditions (1 d). The Brouwer equation was used to calculate the HP from VO₂ and VCO₂. The plateau-FHP (parameter L) was estimated through the broken line model: HP = U×(R-t)×I+L; I = 1 if t<R or I = 0 if t>R; Where the broken-point (R) was assigned as the time (t) that defined the difference between a short and long fasting period, I is conditional, and U is the decreasing rate after the feed was withdrawn. The HP components description was characterized by three events: ad libitum feeding and short and long fasting periods. Linear regression was adjusted between physical activity (PA) and HP to determine the HPA and to estimate the standardized FHP (st-FHP) as the intercept of PA = 0. Results: The time when plateau-FHP was reached at 11.7 h after withdrawal feed, with a mean value of 386 kJ/kg^0.75/d, differing in 32 kJ from st-FHP (354 kJ/kg^0.75/d). The slope of HP per unit of PA was 4.52 kJ/mV. The total HP in roosters partitioned into the st-FHP, termal effect of feeding (TEF), and HPA was 56.6%, 25.7%, and 17.7%, respectively. Conclusion: The FHP represents the largest fraction of energy expenditure in roosters, followed by the TEF. Furthermore, the PA increased the variation of HP measurements.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• v.37 no.1
• /
• pp.105-113
• /
• 2009

The freezed Mulberry (10 kg) was extracted with 80% EtOH, concentrated, and fractionated with a series of n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and water on a separatory funnel. A portion of ethyl acetate soluble (22 g) was chromatographed on a Sephadex LH-20 column using a series of aqueous methanol as eluents. The isolated compounds were identified by cellulose TLC, $^1H-$,$^{13}C$-NMR, FAB, and EI-MS. Quercetin-3-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside (Compound I), protocatechuic acid (Compound II), p-hydroxybenzoic acid (Compound III) were isolated from the ethyl acetate soluble fraction. In antioxidative activities of the fractionated extractives using DPPH radical scavenging test, EtOAc and water soluble fractions indicated better than BHT as contro and in in vitro tests using MTT assay, there was no cytotoxicity. Also, tyrosinase inhibition and anticancer activities were not so good, but there may be a potential as a cosmetic raw material because the cell extension effect was excellent.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.285-296
• /
• 2005

Reduced pressure chemical vapor deposition technology has been used to study SiGe heterostructure epitaxy and device issues, including SiGe relaxed buffers, proper control of Ge component and crystalline defects, two dimensional delta doping, and their influence on electrical properties of devices. From experiments, 2D profiles of B and P presented FWHM of 5 nm and 20 nm, respectively, and doses in 5×10/sup 11/ ∼ 3×10/sup 14/ ㎝/sup -2/ range. The results could be employed to fabricate SiGe/Si heterostructure field effect transistors with both Schottky contact and MOS structure for gate electrodes. I-V characteristics of 2D P-doped HFETs revealed normal behavior except the detrimental effect of crystalline defects created at SiGe/Si interfaces due to stress relaxation. On the contrary, sharp B-doping technology resulted in significant improvement in DC performance by 20-30 ％ in transconductance and short channel effect of SiGe HMOS. High peak concentration and mobility in 2D-doped SiGe heterostructures accompanied by remarkable improvements of electrical property illustrate feasible use for nano-sale FETs and integrated circuits for radio frequency wireless communication in particular.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
• /
• v.4 no.4
• /
• pp.22-25
• /
• 2003

High series resistance due to the presence of glass frit is one of the major problems for screen printed silicon solar cells. Cells having electrical parameters below the prescribed values are usually rejected during solar module fabrication. Therefore, it is highly desirable to improve the electrical parameters of the silicon solar cells and thereby to increase the overall production yield. It was observed that, the performance of low quality mono-crystalline silicon solar cells made by standard screen printing technology could be improved remarkably by novel surface treatment. We have chemically treated the surface using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and silver nitrate ($AgNO_3$) solutions. NaOH treatment helps to reduce the series resistance by decreasing the presence of excess glass frit on the top silver grid contact. The $AgNO_3$ treatment is used to reduce the series resistance comes from the deposition of silver on the grids by filling the holes present (if any) within the grid pattern.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
• /
• 2006.07d
• /
• pp.2061-2062
• /
• 2006

a-Si(amorphous silicon) TFT(thin film transistor)는 TFT-LCD(liquid crystal display)의 화소 스위칭(switching) 소자로 폭넓게 이용되고 있다. 현재는 a-Si을 이용하여 gate drive IC를 기판에 집적하는 ASG(amorphous silicon gate) 기술이 연구, 적용되고 있는데 이때 가장 큰 제약은 문턱 전압(Vth)의 이동이다. 특히 고온에서는 문턱 전압의(Vth) 이동이 가속화 되고, Ioff current가 증가 하게 되고, 저온($0^{\circ}C$)에서는 전류 구동능력이 상온($25^{\circ}C$) 상태에서 같은 게이트 전압(Vg)에 대해서 50% 수준으로 감소하게 된다. 특히 ASG 회로는 여러 개의 TFT로 구성되는데, 각각의 TFT가 고온에서 Vth shift 값이 다르게 되어 설계시 예상하지 못 한 고온에서의 화면 무너짐 현상 즉 고온 노이즈 불량이 발생 할 수 있다. 고온 노이즈 불량은 고온에서의 각 TFT의 문턱전압 및 $I_D-V_G$ 특성을 측정한 결과 고온 노이즈 불량에 영향을 주는 인자가 TFT의 width와 기생 capacitor비 hold TFT width가 영향을 주는 것으로 실험 및 시뮬레이션 결과 확인이 되었다. 발생 mechanism은 ASG 회로는 AC 구동을 하기 때문에 Voff 전위에 ripple이 발생 되는데 특히 고온에서 ripple이 크게 증가 하여 출력 signal에 영향을 주어 불량이 발생하는 것을 규명하였다.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
• /
• 2001.07c
• /
• pp.1609-1611
• /
• 2001

A large cross-section pulsed electron beam generator of cold cathode type has been developed for industrial applications, for example, waste water cleaning, flue gas cleaning, and pasteurization etc. The operational principle is based on the emission of secondary electrons from cold cathode when ions in the plasma hit the cathode, which are accelerated toward exit window by the gradient of an electric potential. The conventional electron beam generators need an electron scanning beam because the small cross section thermal electron emitter is used. The electron beam of large cross-section pulsed electron beam generator do not need to be scanned over target material because the beam cross section is large by 300$cm^2$. We have fabricated the large cross-sectional pulsed electron beam generator with the peak energy of 200keV and beam diameter of 200mm and obtained the large area electron beam in the air. The electron beam current has been investigated as a function of accelerating voltage, glow discharge current, helium pressure, distance from the exit window and radial distribution in front of the exit window.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.15 no.15
• /
• pp.6075-6080
• /
• 2014

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Here we investigated the antitumor effect and mechanism of Zhejiang (Huzhou and Jiande) saffron against lung cancer cell lines, A549 and H446. Using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), the contents of crocin I and II were determined. In vitro, MTT assay and annexin-V FITC/PI staining showed cell proliferation activity and apoptosis to be changed in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The inhibition effect of Jiande saffron was the strongest. In vivo, when mice were orally administered saffron extracts at dose of 100mg/kg/d for 28 days, xenograft tumor size was reduced, and ELISA and Western blotting analysis of caspase-3, -8 and -9 exhibited stronger expression and activity than in the control. In summary, saffron from Zhejiang has significant antitumor effects in vitro and in vivo through caspase-8-caspase-9-caspase-3 mediated cell apoptosis. It thus appears to have more potential as a therapeutic agent.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
• /
• v.29 no.4
• /
• pp.218-228
• /
• 2020

The prediction of final mass and optimized process conditions of injection molded products using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) were demonstrated. The ANN was modeled with 10 input parameters and one output parameter (mass). The input parameters, i.e.; melt temperature, mold temperature, injection speed, packing pressure, packing time, cooling time, back pressure, plastification speed, V/P switchover, and suck back were selected. To generate training data for the ANN model, 77 experiments based on the combination of orthogonal sampling and random sampling were performed. The collected training data were normalized to eliminate scale differences between factors to improve the prediction performance of the ANN model. Grid search and random search method were used to find the optimized hyper-parameter of the ANN model. After the training of ANN model, optimized process conditions that satisfied the target mass of 41.14 g were predicted. The predicted process conditions were verified through actual injection molding experiments. Through the verification, it was found that the average deviation in the optimized conditions was 0.15±0.07 g. This value confirms that our proposed procedure can successfully predict the optimized process conditions for the target mass of injection molded products.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.109-114
• /
• 2003

To investigate ecophysiological characteristics of plants species adapted to moor habitat, we selected 22 species plants and analyzed inorganic cations (K, Ca, Mg), heavy metals (Al, Fe, Mn) and total nitrogen and phosphorus quantitatively. Moojechi moor indicated typical acidic and oligotrophic conditions with pH of 5.0∼5.6 (pH 4.3∼5.1 in soil) and EC of 15∼30μ S/cm, and contained very low contents of soil divalent cation such as Ca and Mg but high contents of heavy metals (esp. Al). With respect to inorganic cation contents, investigated plants species showed remarkable interspecific difference. Plant species belonging to J. effusus var. decipiens, M. japonica, I. globosa, M. sacchariflorus, R. mucronulatum, R. yedoense var. poukhanense, H. micrantha, D. rotundifolia showed very low contents of inorganic cation below 400 μ M/g DW, but plant species of C. palustris var. spontanea, L. sessilifolia, P. mandarinorum, C. lineare, S. austriaca sub. glabra, V. mandshurica, A. decursiva showed high cation contents in leaves. Especially, S. austriaca sub. glabra (Compositae) and V. mandshurica (Violaceae) showed pattern accumulating Ca and Mg with plant growth, but I. ensata var. spontanea (Iridaceae) and S. officinalis (Rosaceae) showed decreasing tendency. Meanwhile, most plant species showed low contents of soluble metal ions in leaves in spite of high heavy metal contents on soil, and indicated remarkable interspecific differences in the total contents and composition of heavy metals accumulated. Despite low contents of N and P on soil, most plant species indicated relatively high contents of N and P in leaves at the early stage of growth, and showed slowly decreasing pattern according to growth. Consequently, it seems that plant species inhabited on Moojechi moor cope with acidic-oligotrophic conditions, accumulating inorganic cations and nitrogen at the early growing stage and reutilizing them in the course of growth, and developing heavy metal excluding mechanism.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
• /
• v.20 no.5
• /
• pp.525-531
• /
• 2016

The analgesic mechanism of opioids is known to decrease the excitability of substantia gelatinosa (SG) neurons receiving the synaptic inputs from primary nociceptive afferent fiber by increasing inwardly rectifying $K^+$ current. In this study, we examined whether a ${\mu}$-opioid agonist, [D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4, Gly5-ol]-enkephalin (DAMGO), affects the two-pore domain $K^+$ channel (K2P) current in rat SG neurons using a slice whole-cell patch clamp technique. Also we confirmed which subtypes of K2P channels were associated with DAMGO-induced currents, measuring the expression of K2P channel in whole spinal cord and SG region. DAMGO caused a robust hyperpolarization and outward current in the SG neurons, which developed almost instantaneously and did not show any time-dependent inactivation. Half of the SG neurons exhibited a linear I~V relationship of the DAMGO-induced current, whereas rest of the neurons displayed inward rectification. In SG neurons with a linear I~V relationship of DAMGO-induced current, the reversal potential was close to the $K^+$ equilibrium potentials. The mRNA expression of TWIK (tandem of pore domains in a weak inwardly rectifying $K^+$ channel) related acid-sensitive $K^+$ channel (TASK) 1 and 3 was found in the SG region and a low pH (6.4) significantly blocked the DAMGO-induced $K^+$ current. Taken together, the DAMGO-induced hyperpolarization at resting membrane potential and subsequent decrease in excitability of SG neurons can be carried by the two-pore domain $K^+$ channel (TASK1 and 3) in addition to inwardly rectifying $K^+$ channel.