• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.305-313
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• 2002

The physico-chemical characteristics of water and sediment, and structures of vegetation of the vascular hydrophytes were investigated in the West Nakdong River. Water quality was eutrophic according to the mean values and the ranges of water properties such as pH, DO, BOD, chlorophyll a, total nitrogen and phosphate, and other nutrients. A few cases were hypereutrophic for chlorophyll a level in summer. Soil reaction was weak acid. Composition of sediment was mainly sand except in SI(Sinan chideung) of which was mainly clay, and SU(Suan chideung) of which was mainly silt. Flora of vascular hydrophyte had 26 species and 1 variety comprising 16 families. Trapa japonica was dominant species in the sites of DU(Dunchido), GA(Garak chideung) and SU. Nymphoides peltata and Hydrocharis dubia dominated in DA and SI, respectively. Species diversity and evenness were relatively high in SI and SU but dominance was high in DA. After June, water lettuce(Pistia stratiotes) and water hyacinth(Eichhornia crassipes) were flowed from tributary to the river. Standing crop of macrohydrophytes was high in DA from April to August, but it showed maximum standing crop (445g·dw/㎡) in DU after disturbance by explosive growth of exotic plants in October. In comparison with those in 1985, total productivities in DU and GA decreased to 33.5%, and the reduction ratio of dominant species, Trapa japonica was 56.7%. Najas marina, N. minor, Myriophyllum spicatum and Nymphoides indica have disappeared ever since the Nakdong barrage was constructed in the Nakdong river. They were divided into three groups (GA-SU-DU, DA, SI) by cluster analysis. Introduction of the exotic species in this river caused decreasing of endemic plants including endangered species Euryale ferox and rare species Hydocharis dubia, and food plants for waterfowl such as Trapa japonica, Vallisneria asiatica and Potamogeton crispus.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.373-390
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• 2015

This study investigated the effect of coated feed using mixed oil on rumen fermentation characteristics. Two experiments were conducted based on materials that were mixed. First, cashew nut and soybean oils were mixed with white mineral oil. And second, different plant extracts were mixed with white mineral oil. At first experiment, inclusion levels of mixed oil on diet (0.03%, 0.1%, 0.5%) were applied as variables. A coated diet was fermented with rumen inoculum according to in vitro rumen fermentation and its parameters were investigated. In the result of first experiment, no negative effects on rumen pH were found. Significantly decreased dry matter digestibility was detected at 0.5% treatment (P<0.05). Total gas productions in control and 0.03% were significantly greater than those of others (P<0.05). Significantly reduced methane productions were found in all treatments compared to the control (P<0.05). Inclusion of mixed oil did not affect on ammonia production. Total volatile fatty acid production was also not influenced by coating with mixed oils. Rumen fermentation parameters were greatly changed according to introduced plant extracts at second experiment. The significantly lowest and greatest ammonia productions were found at treatments with Ixeris dentata and Plantago asiatica, respectively (P<0.05). The significantly greatest acetate and propionate productions were detected at treatments with Crucuma longa and Zizyphus vulgaris 1, respectively (P<0.05). All treatments, except Chrysanthemum idicum, Euyale ferox seed, Moringa leaf and fruit and Zizyphus vulgaris 1, showed significantly increased total volatile fatty acid production compared to the control (P<0.05). Only Paeonia lactiflora showed significantly lesser gas production than the control (P<0.05). In methane production, Ceramium, Zizyphus, Paeonia, Agrimonia, Torilis, Mugwort, Foeniculum, Euphorbia, Taraxacum, Artemisia, Momordica, Curcuma and Moringa reduced methane significantly compared to the control (P<0.05).

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.4-10
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• 1984

This experiment was conducted to determine the change in weed flora with season and cultivated crop and land. There are 44 species in 38 genera and 18 families, consisting of 22 annual, 11 biennial and 9 perennial weeds in uplands in Jeonbug Province. Digitaria sanguinalis Scopol. occurred with the highest frequency of 67.2% and in decreasing order Portulaca oleracea L., Chenopodium album L. and Erigeron canadensis L. followed. About 60% of total sites studied indicated Simpson`s index ranging from 0.20 to 0.50. The Simpson`s index decreased from 0.65 on June 8 to 0.15 on November 10. Dominant weed species were Alopecurus aequalis Sosbol, and Polygonum hydropiper Spach in double cropping paddy field, but D. sanguinalis and P. oleracea were the dominant species in uplands. In reclaimed uplands various weed species including, 4rtemisia asiatica Nakai occurred almost equally. Average Simpson`s index for six crops studied was 0.40 and irrespective of the crops being cultivated P. oleracea and D. sanguinalis were dominant weed species and Y. hydropiper, C. album, Exolus blitum Grenier and E. canadensis were sub-dominant.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.258-264
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• 1988

Phenolic compounds present in upland weeds (Artemisia asiatica Nakai, Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik, Portulaca orleracea L. and Trifolium repens L.) which have shown allelopathic activity were determined using paper chromatography (PC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Effect of the determined phenolic compounds on germination and post-germination growth of test plants was also investigated. Kinds of phenolic compounds determined by PC in the four weed species were greater in the aqueous extract than in the methanol extract. Ferulic acid was found in both extracts of the weeds studied, whereas benzoic acid was that the weeds commonly contained hydroquinone, p-hydroxybenzoic, ferulic and cinnamic acids. Out of the phenolic compounds determined by PC and HPLC p-hydroxybenzoic, cinnamic and ferulic acids inhibited germination and post-germination growth of radish and sesame. Inhibition of the phenolic compounds on the radicle growth was greater than on the germination of the test plants.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.206-213
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• 2010

The aim of this study was to provide basic informations for restoring a habitat of Nannophy pygmaea Rambur. Environments and flora of the habitats were investigated in Youngdong, Sanbuk, and Nongam South Korea. The habitats were abandoned paddy fields with tree-unshaded space and with the water depths of about 2 - 10 cm all the year round. The water quality was recorded 5.44 - 7.33 in pH, 0.017 - 0.480 dS/m in EC, 1.34 - 4.94 mg/L in T-N and 0.06 - 0.46 mg/L in T-P. The pH and EC showed a wide range values, and T-N and T-P showed a high values comparatively. This result implies that a water quality does not important as the condition for a habitat of the species. A total of 86 vascular plant taxa belonging to 35 families, 60 genera, 67 species, 2 subspecies, 14 varieties and 3 forma were recognized in the habitats. Twenty two species (25.6%) overlapped among the habitats; Equisetum arvense, Salix koreensis, Persicaria thunbergii, Stellaria alsine var. undulata, Hypericum laxum, Kummerowia striata, Epilobium pyrricholophum, Oenanthe javanica, Mosla dianthera, Utricularia vulgaris var. japonica, Plantago asiatica, Eupatorium lindleyanum, Juncus diastrophanthus, J. effusus var. decipiens, J. papillosus, Aneilema keisak, Alopecurus aequalis, Arthraxon hispidus, Carex dickinsii, Cyperus sanguinolentus, Eleocharis acicularis for. longiseta and E. congesta. Biological type was determined to be HH-R5-D4-e(t) type; HH 39 taxa (45.3%), R5 42 taxa (48.8%), D4 59 taxa (68.6%) and e (or t) 23 taxa (26.7%).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.659-667
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• 2004

Plantain has been used for antidiarrhea, antihemorrhage and the remedy of indigestion. Plantain was extracted with ethanol and fractionated systemically with n-hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate (EtOAC) and n-butanol. Antioxidant index (AI was expressed as induction period of oil containing various fractions/induction period of oil of 600 ppm) of EtOAC fraction was the highest among fractions in vitro. The protective effects of the EtOAC fraction of plantain (PE) administered 1 mL orally or intraduodenally on experimentally induced gastritis, gastric ulcer and gastric secretion were evaluated in rats. Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 250∼300 g were divided into 4 groups; negative control group (CON), PE 200 mg/kg treated group (PEL), PE 400 mg/kg treated group (PEH) and positive control group (cimetidine 100 mg/kg-CMT or omeprazol 100 mg/kg treated group-OMT), respectively, PE significantly suppressed HCl-ethanol induced gastric lesions and indomethacin-induced gastric ulcers (administered subcutaneouly) in rats. Specially PE 400 mg/kg showed significantly inhibitory effect, which was more potent than that of 100 mg/kg of commercial drug, cimetidine, and elevated an inhibitory effect to be close to the level in inhibitory ratio of omeprazol administered group in Shay's ucler. On gastric secretion in pylorus ligated rat, PE 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg decreased the gastric volume and acid output, but did not show an apparent effect on pepsin activity. In addition, PE 400 mg/kg depressed gastric ulcers induced by water immersion stress and duodenal ulcers induced by cysteamine administered subcutaneouly. These results suggest that the ethylacetate fraction of plantain can be used in prevention and treatment of experimentally induced gastric mucosal damage and ulcers.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.22 no.8
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• pp.226-234
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• 2016

In this study, the possibility of developing new type of yanggaeng has been reviewed by evaluating physio-chemical and sensual characteristics of new yanggaeng products using 5~20% of powder of plantain that is a hardy plant resource from most of hillside in Korea. The moisture contents of plantain powder was 1.9%, DPPH radical scavenging ability was 15.67 mg/mL, and total polyphenol contents was 7.00mg/g. By increasing the adding rate of plantain powder the moisture contents and pH of yanggaeng were decreased. From chromatography, by increasing the adding rate of plantain powder the brightness, L-value was decreased along with redness, a-value, yellowness, and b-value. The a-value of sample group adding 5% of plantain powder was the highest and that of sample group adding 20% was the lowest (p<0.001). From texture measurement shown that the hardness of sample group adding 5% of plantain powder was the highest by 3,937.04 and that of sample group adding 20% of plantain powder was the lowest by 2,153.59. The springiness of sample group adding 5% of plantain powder was the highest by 6.79% and that of sample group adding 20% of plantain powder was the lowest by 4.76%. The cohesiveness of sample group adding 20% of plantain powder was the lowest by 177.35 and it was significant (p<0.001). The result of sensory test showed that sample group adding 10% of plantain powder achieved the highest appraisal from most factors, such as color, scent. sweetness, chewiness, moist level, softness level and total preference. As shown from the above results, the sensory preference of yanggaeng can be improved by adding proper volume of plantain powder while making it, so it is understood that the addition of plantain powder in making yanggaeng would give better possibility in commercialization. By considering sensory preference factor the 10% addition rate of plantain powder while making yanggaeng would be the most proper recipe.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.265-279
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• 1987

About 140 weed species belonging to 42 families occurring in summer were observed in Ulreung island. The Compositae was the most wildely occurring family covering 27 weed species, followed by 21 species in Graminae, 9 in Polygonaceae, 7 in Leguminosae, and 7 in Labiatae etc. In terms of the lands classified, about 60 species in 26 families were observed in the cultivated and the medical crops grown areas, respectively, and 116 species in 40 families occurred in the non-cultivated land like the vicinity of the cultivated area and 94 species in 34 families in the valley. No. of species and families were much greater in the non-cutivated land than those of the cultivated one. The most dominant weed species in both the cultivated and its vicinity in Ulreung island were Digitaria sanguinalis, followed by Portulaca oleracea, Polygonum hydropiper, Equisetum arvensis, Artemisia princeps, Commetina communis, Setaria viridis in order. Community analysis was done by the method of Toyohara in two cultivated lands such as the general crop land and the medical herb crop grown land, and two non-cultivated areas such as the vicinity of the cultivated land and valley. The cultivated land consisted of the communites of P. hydropiper and Cyperus amuricus, including Bidens tripartita in P. hydropiper community. The medical crop grown land composed of three major communities like P. hydropiper, Amaranthus mangostanus and Sonchus asper in which A. mangostanus and S. media were presented in the ecoton, indicating community being transiting. In the non-cultivated areas like the vicinity of crop land, the communities of Erigeron annuus, P. oleracea, and Oxalis corniculata were dominant, and Dystaenia takeshimana was included in the community of E. annuus and Stellan'a aquatica in P. oleracea community. In the valley, Ranunculus quelpaertensis community was existed in between the communities of Sonchus asper and Plantago asiatica.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.360-385
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• 2024

This study was carried out to clarify the distribution of vascular plants in Biryongsan Mt. (1,129 m) and Baebawhisan Mt. (967 m) (a.s.l., 36° 55'~37° 06' N, 129° 03'~29° 09' E), Gyeongsangbuk-do. The surveys were conducted 13 times from April 2019 to August 2022. The vascular plants of Biryongsan Mt. and Baebawhisan Mt. was consisted a total of 570 taxa based on the voucher specimens; 108 families, 334 genera, 506 species, 17 subspecies, 44 varieties, 3 forms. Among them, the Korean endemic plants were 12 taxa. The of number of threatened and near threatened plants, as National Red List of Vascular Plants in Korea designated by the Korean National Arboretum, were 8 taxa, comprising 1 endangered (EN), 3 vulnerable (VU), and 4 near threatened (LC) species. The number of floristic target plants designated by the Ministry of Environment was 104 taxa, including 10 of level IV and 28 of level III. The naturalized plants in this area were 42 taxa. Among 570 taxa, there were 403 edible plants, 461 medicinal plants, 221 industrial plants, 306 ornamental plants, and 17 taxa with unknown usefulness respectively.