• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
• /
• 2009.05a
• /
• pp.294-297
• /
• 2009

The frictional behaviors of Cermets/Cr-Ceramics and Cu-Al coatings of piston ring were investigated. Friction tests were carried out by pin-on-disk test and materials properties of coating layer were analyzed by nano indentation tester. Higher friction coefficient was obtained at harder coating with rougher surface. In case of hard-coating, the scratch depth, width and pile-up height had close relationship with indentation hardness. So the scratch width, depth and pile-up height increases with decreasing friction coefficient. But in case of soft-coating, the friction coefficients are strongly dependent on the morphological characteristics after nano scratching more than indentation hardness.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
• /
• 2008.10b
• /
• pp.215-216
• /
• 2008

In this paper, we describe a UHF-band CMOS fractional-N frequency synthesizer using a ring - type VCO. It has been designed using $0.18{\m}m$ CMOS technology. First, The newly designed charge-pump circuit includes an OTA for matching between the upper current and the lower current In addition, a ring - type VCO is also used for small chip sire. The simulation results show that the designed circuit has a phase noise of -109.53dBc/Hz at 1MHz offset and consumes 19.4mA from a 1.8V supply. The lock time is less than 30usec and the chip size is $0.45mm{\times}0.5mm$.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
• /
• v.18 no.6
• /
• pp.465-470
• /
• 2009

The frictional behaviors of Cermets/Cr-Ceramics and Cu-Al coatings of piston ring were investigated. Friction tests were carried out by pin-on-disk test and materials properties of coating layer were analyzed by nano indentation tester. The effect of surface roughness of cylinder liner on the friction coefficient was analyzed. This study provided tribological data of hard and soft piston ring coatings against cylinder liner. The surface roughness does exert an influence on the average friction coefficient, with smoother surfaces generally yielding lower friction coefficients. In case of hard-coating, the scratch depth, width and pile-up height had close relationship with hardness. So the scratch width, depth and pile-up height increases with decreasing friction coefficient. But in case of soft-coating, the friction coefficients are strongly dependent on the morphological characteristics such as, scratch depth, width, pile-up height and elastic modulus.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
• /
• 2007.05a
• /
• pp.357-360
• /
• 2007

The profile ring rolling process of Ti-6Al-4V alloy was designed by finite element(FE) simulation and experimental analysis. The design includes geometry design and optimization of process variables. The geometry design such as initial billet and blank sizes, and final rolled ring shape was carried out with the calculation method based on the uniform deformation concept between the wall thickness and ring height. FEM simulation was used to calculate the state variables such as strain, strain rate and temperature and to predict the formation of forming defects during ring rolling process. Finally, the mechanical properties of profiled Ti-6Al-4V alloy ring product were analyzed with the evolution of microstructures during the ring rolling process.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
• /
• v.36 no.1
• /
• pp.56.2-56.2
• /
• 2011

NGC 5728은 Seyfert 2 은하로 활동성 은하핵을 가지고 있다. 우리는 기존에 연구된 NGC5728에 관한 자료 중 중심핵 주변의 ring구조의 형성 원인과 과정을 알아보기 위해 시뮬레이션을 하고자 한다. 이 연구를 위해 CFHT 3.6-m의 OASIS로 은하의 중심부 $12{\times}10arcsec2$ 영역을 관측한 자료를 이용하였다. NGC 5728의 중심핵 주변의 구조는 [OIII]5007 영상에서는 두개의 중심핵이 나타나며, $H{\alpha}$ 영상에서는 NW방향에 ring구조가 뚜렷하게 나타난다. 이러한 ring구조의 반경은 ～5.4arcsec, 기울기 ${\sim}50^{\circ}$으로 은하면과 거의 나란하게 위치해 있는 것으로 예상되며 시계방향으로 회전하고 있음이 알려졌다. 관측 자료는 ring의 NW방향은 다가오고 SE방향은 멀어지고 있음이 보여지며 이러한 ring의 형성 원인이 무엇인지에 대하여 조사하였고 ring의 기울기와 은하면의 기울기의 구조적 위치를 추가적으로 알아보고자 한다. 시뮬레이션 프로그램으로는 GADGET-2를 이용하였으며 IDL로 시뮬레이션 결과를 볼 수 있도록 하였다. 현재 관찰된 ring구조가 나타날 수 있도록 여러 조건하에서 연구를 수행중이다.

• Korean Journal of Crystallography
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.6-10
• /
• 1993

11 β ,17 β -dihydroxy-9a-fluoro-l7a-methyl androst-4-en-3-one (Fluoxymesterone), CgoH29 FO,, orthorhombic, P2,2,2,, a=13.468(5) A, b= 19.554 (2)A, c=6.578(9)A, a=b=r=90˚, A (CuKa)=1.5406 A , Dm=1.289cm-3, Dc=1.299cm-3 and Z=4 at T=298k. The structure was solved by direct method using seminvariants of ggg Parity group and refined by the full-matrix least-square method, resulting model with reliability factor R=0.069 for 1098 unique reflection over 3σ . Ring A is an 1β-2a-half chair, 5 ring has a highly symmetrical chair conformation, C ring is in a distorted chair conformation and D ring is a 13aenveLope conformation. In the crystal structure, the molecules are packed with a hydrogen bond of 011-H23‥‥03(0.5+x, 1.5-y, 1.0-z) [1.94(9) A of H‥‥0.2.786(9)A of 0‥‥0 and 165(8) ˚ of

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
• /
• v.39 no.1
• /
• pp.127-135
• /
• 2002

Let I be an ideal in a Gorenstein local ring A with the maximal ideal m. Then we say that I is an equimultiple good ideal in A, if I contains a reduction Q = ( $a_1$, $a_2$,ㆍㆍㆍ, $a_{s}$ ) generated by s elements in A and G(I) =(equation omitted)$_{n 0}$ $I^{n}$ / $I^{n＋1}$ of I is a Gorenstein ring with a(G(I)) = 1 - s, where s = h $t_{A}$ I and a(G(I)) denotes the a-invariant of G(I). Let $X_{A}$$^{s}$ denote the set of equimultiple good ideals I in A with h $t_{A}$ I = s, R(I) = A [It] be the Rees algebra of I, and $K_{R(I)}$ denote the canonical module of R(I). Let a I such that $I^{n＋l}$ = a $I^{n}$ for some n$\geq$0 and $\mu$$_{A}$(I)$\geq$2, where $\mu$$_{A}$(I) denotes the number of elements in a minimal system of generators of I. Assume that A/I is a Cohen-Macaulay ring. We show that the following conditions are equivalent. (1) $K_{R(I)}$(equation omitted)R(I)＋as graded R(I)-modules. (2) $I^2$ = aI and aA : I$\in$ $X^1$$_{A}$._{A}$./.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
• /
• v.56 no.1
• /
• pp.57-71
• /
• 2019

Let R be an associative ring with identity, M a t.u.p. monoid with only one unit and ${\omega}:M{\rightarrow}End(R)$ a monoid homomorphism. Let R be a reversible, M-compatible ring and ${\alpha}=a_1g_1+{\cdots}+a_ng_n$ a non-zero element in skew monoid ring $R{\ast}M$. It is proved that if there exists a non-zero element ${\beta}=b_1h_1+{\cdots}+b_mh_m$ in $R{\ast}M$ with ${\alpha}{\beta}=c$ is a constant, then there exist $1{\leq}i_0{\leq}n$, $1{\leq}j_0{\leq}m$ such that $g_{i_0}=e=h_{j_0}$ and $a_{i_0}b_{j_0}=c$ and there exist elements a, $0{\neq}r$ in R with ${\alpha}r=ca$. As a consequence, it is proved that ${\alpha}{\in}R*M$ is unit if and only if there exists $1{\leq}i_0{\leq}n$ such that $g_{i_0}=e$, $a_{i_0}$ is unit and aj is nilpotent for each $j{\neq}i_0$, where R is a reversible or right duo ring. Furthermore, we determine the relation between clean and nil clean elements of R and those elements in skew monoid ring $R{\ast}M$, where R is a reversible or right duo ring.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.32 no.8
• /
• pp.2737-2742
• /
• 2011

Ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of an ethyl-substituted tetracyclododecene (8-ethyltetracyclo[$4.4.0.1^{2,5}.1^{7,10}$] dodec-3-ene, Et-TCD) was carried out in the presence of a ternary catalyst system consisting of $WCl_6$, triisobutyl aluminium (iso$Bu_3Al$), and ethanol. The optimal molar ratio of Et-TCD/$WCl_3$/iso-$Bu_3Al$/ethanol was found as 500/1/3/2 at which the yield of ring-opened polymer was 100%. 1-Hexene was shown to be an effective molecular weight controlling agent for ROMP reaction of Et-TCD. The hydrogenation of the ring opened polymer (p-Et-TCD) was conducted successfully using Pd(5 wt %)/${\gamma}$-$Al_2O_3$ at $80^{\circ}C$ for 1 h. Chemical structures of p-Et-TCD and its hydrogenated product($H_2$-p-Et-TCD) were characterized using 2D NMR techniques ($^1H-^1H$ COSY and $^1H-^{13}C$ HSQC). The changes of physical properties such as thermal stability, glass transition temperature and light transmittance after the hydrogenation were also investigated using TGA, DSC, and UV.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
• /
• 2005.10b
• /
• pp.520-522
• /
• 2005

This paper presents the design and analysis of the electromagnetic system such as jumping ring system. Also, we study the characteristics of dynamics for system with initial parameter. For the propose of system control,, first, we simulate the MATLAB tool solving coupled differential equations with electric parameter, inductance and mutual inductances. Therefore, we design a jumping ring system using design results, implement, and analyze the jumping ring system real situation. For the near time, we present a control process, and compare of real system and software technique.