• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.46-51
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• 2007

The HFMX((High Flux Macromolecular X-ray crystallography) beamline at Pohang Accelerator Laboratory uses beams from a multi-pole wiggler. Two horizontal and vertical slits relevant to high heat-load are installed at its front-end. In order to treat high heat-load with reducing beam scattering, the horizontal slit has two Glidcop blocks with a grazing incidence angle of $10^{\circ}$ of a grazing-incidence knife-edge configuration. The blocks adjust the slit gap by being translated along guides by two actuating bars, respectively. Water flowing through holes, drilled along the actuating bars, cools the heat-load of both blocks. The vortical slit has the same structure as the horizontal slit except its installation direction with respect to the vacuum chamber and its grazing incidence angle. By virtue of a pair of blocks translating on guides, no alignment between both blocks is required and the installed slits show stable operating performance. The cooling performance of the two slits has been also shown to be acceptable. In this paper, the detailed explanation for the design of the two slits is presented and their operating performance is discussed.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.38 no.12 s.161
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• pp.1039-1049
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• 2005

The objective of this study is to produce optimal radar-derived rainfall for hydrologic utilization. The ground clutter and beam blockage effects from Mt. Kwanak station (E.L 608m) are removed from radar reflectivities by POD analysis. The reflectivities are used to produce radar rainfall data in the form of rain rates (mm/h) by the application of the Marshall-Palmer reflectivity versus rainfall relationship. However, these radar-derived rainfall are underestimated in temporal and spatial scale compared with observed one, so it is necessary to hire a correction scheme based on the gauge-to-radar (G/R) statistical adjustment technique. The selected watershed for studying the real-time correction of radar-rainfall estimation is the Soyang dam site, which is located approximately 100km east of Kwanak radar station. The results indicate that adjusted radar rainfall with the gauge measurement have reasonal G/R ratio ranged on 0.95-1.32 and less uncertainty with that mean standard deviation of G/R ratio are decreased by $9-28\%$. Mean areal precipitation from adjusted radar rainfall are well agreed to the observed one on the Soyang River watershed. It is concluded that the real-time bias adjustment scheme is useful to estimate accurate basin-based radar rainfall for hydrologic application.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.79-87
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• 1982

Higenamine(dl-demethylcoclaurine, dl-1-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrah-ydroisoquinoline hydrochloride), which has recently been isolated from Aconite root by Drs. Kosuge and Yokota, has known to be the main cardiotonic component of the Aconite root. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of Higenamine on the calcium binding and release and ATPase activity of fragmented cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum under in vitro condition. The calcium binding and release of sarcoplasmic reticulum were measured by using the double-beam spectrophotometer and the calcium sensitive dye, murexide. In the presence of $10^{-4}{\sim}5{\times}10^{-3}M$ of Higenamine, the maximal calcium binding and the initial binding rate of porcine cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum were inhibited dose dependently by up to 43%. However, the calcium release from cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum, which was loaded with $Ca^{++}(50{\mu}M)$, was stimulated in dose dependent manner. When incubated in the medium of 20 mM Tris-maleate(pH 7.0), 100 mM KCl, 10 mM $MgCl_2,\;0.05mM\;CaCl_2\;and\;0.014{\sim}1\;mM\;Tris-ATP\;at\;30^{\circ}C$ in the presence of Higenamine $(10^{-4}{\sim}5{\times}10^{-3}M)$, both $Ca^{++}-and\;Mg^{++}-ATPase$ of sarcoplasmic reticulum were inhibited non-competitively by Higenamine and values of $K_i$ were 4.896 mM and 6.875 mM respectively. It is suggested from the above findings that the cardiotonic effects of Higenamine might be partially explained by the inhibition of calcium binding and the stimulation of calcium release from the sarcoplasimic reticulum which may increase the free intracellular calcium that is available in the contraction of the cardiac muscle fiber.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.334-341
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• 2016

In this paper, the study of a waveguide aperture-coupled feed-structured antenna has been conducted for the purpose of applying it to a wireless back-haul system sufficient for high-capacity gigabits-per-second data rates. For this study, a $32{\times}32$ waveguide slot sub-array antenna with a corporate-feed structure was designed and produced. Also, this antenna is used at 57 GHz to 66 GHz in the V-band. The construction of the antenna is a laminated form with radiating parts (outer groove and slot, cavity), a coupled aperture, and feeds in each. The antenna was designed with HFSS, which is based on 3D-FEM, produced with aluminum processed by a precision-controlled milling machine, and assembled after a silver-plating process. The measurement result from analysis of the characteristics of the antenna shows that return loss is less than -12 dB, VSWR < 2.0, and a wide bandwidth ranges up to 16%. An overall first side lobe level is less than -12.3 dB, and a 3 dB beam width is narrow at about $1.85^{\circ}$. Also, antenna gain is 38.5 dBi, offering high efficiency exceeding 90%.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.268-273
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• 2014

$Y_2O_3$ ceramic specimens were fabricated from the granular powder, obtained by spray drying process from the slurry. The slurry was prepared by mixing PVA binder, NaOH for Ph control, PEG and $Y_2O_3$ powder. The $Y_2O_3$ specimen was shaped in size of ${\phi}14mm$ and then sintered at $1650^{\circ}C$. The characteristics, microstructure, densities and plasma resistance of the $Y_2O_3$ specimens were investigated with the function of forming pressure and sintering time. $Y_2O_3$ specimens were exposed under the $CHF_3/O_2/Ar$ plasma, the dry etching treatment of specimens was carried out by the physical reaction etching of $Ar^+$ ion beam and the chemical reaction etching of $F^-$ ion decomposed from $CHF_3$. With increasing sintering time, $Y_2O_3$ specimens showed relatively high density and strong resistance in plasma etching test.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.874-882
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• 2002

Currently, deep beams are designed according to ACT 318-99 equations derived from experimental data for slender beams with normal-strength concrete. In addition, there is relatively limited information on high-strength concrete deep beams with shear reinforcement. The purpose of this experimental study is to investigate the shear behavior of high-strength concrete deep beams and to grasp the conservatism of ACI shear design provisions. Experimental results on the shear behavior of 22 deep beams under two equal symmetrically placed point loads are reported. compressive strength of concrete cylinder was 800kgf/$\textrm{cm}^2$, and main variables were vertical and horizontal shear reinforcement and shear span-to-overall depth ratio (а/h). Test results showed that for high-strength concrete deep beams with shear span-to-overall depth ratio exceeding 0.75, the vertical shear reinforcement more effectively resisted the shear load than horizontal shear reinforcement. In high-strength concrete deep beams, ACI shear design provisions tended to underestimate the effect of strut-tie action and vertical shear reinforcement and overestimate the ones of horizontal shear reinforcement. Based on the experimental results of high-strength concrete deep beams and shear friction theory, this study modified the equations on the shear capacity specified by the ACI provisions.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.124-131
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• 1995

High resolution transmission electron microscopic observations on the $Hg_{1-x}\;Tl_{x}\;Ba_{2}(Ca_{0.86}\;Sr_{0.14})_{2}\;Cu_{3}\;O_{8+\delta}$(x=0.00, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75) were carried out using side-entry type TEM working at 300 kV. The TEM samples are prepared by powder method. The pellets are crushed in agatar motar and suspended in $CCl_4$, solution and scooped in holely carbon microgrid. The 1223 structures are observed in all samples with [010] zone axis. Except x=0.25 sample, the lattice parameter a and c tend to decrease as the thallium contents are increased ranging from 0.3936 nm to 0.3713 nm for a, and from 1.6131 nm to 1.5138 nm for c parameter. Those of x=0.25 sample are reduced too much, 0.3785 nm for a, 1.5375 nm for c. The sample with x=0.25 shows the intergrowth of 1223 and 1234 structure with the ratio of 19 to 1. As the thallium content increases, the structures become more stable without having any defect. The samples are damaged by electron beam irradiation during the observation, however the structure can endure longer as the thallium contents are increased.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.275-281
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• 2004

Socket weldment used to change the flow direction of fluid nay have flaws such as lack of fusion and cracks. Liquid penetrant testing or Radiography testing have been applied as NDT methods for flaw detection of the socket weldment. But it is difficult to detect the flaw inside of the socket weldment with these methods. In order to inspect the flaws inside the socket weldment, a ultrasonic testing method is established and a ultrasonic transducer and automated ultrasonic testing system are developed for the inspection. The automated ultrasonic testing system is based on the portable personal computer and operated by the program based Windows 98 or 2000. The system has a pulser/receiver, 100MHz high speed A/D board, and basic functions of ultrasonic flaw detector using the program. For the automated testing, motion controller board of ISA interface type is developed to control the 4-axis scanner and a real time iC-scan image of the automated testing is displayed on the monitor. A flaws with the size of less than 1mm in depth are evaluated smaller than its actual site in the testing, but the flaws larger than 1mm appear larger than its actual size on the contrary. This tendency is shown to be increasing as the flaw size increases. h reliable and objective testing results are obtained with the developed system, so that it is expected that it can contribute to safety management and detection of repair position of pipe lines of nuclear power plants and chemical plants.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 1995.04a
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• pp.282-286
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• 1995

일반적으로 관성계 내의 물체에 대한 동적특성의 파악을 위해서는 속도, 가속도 및 각속도, 각가속도에 대한 정보를 필요로 하며 자이로는 이중에서 각속도를 측정하는 장치이다. 운동하는 질량에 회전각속도가 인가될 때 발생되는 코리올리힘을 측정하여 회전각속도를 검출하는 개념의 각속도 센서인 진동자이로는 성능이 회전형 자이로에 비해 떨어지나 구조가 간단하고 소형이며 대량생산이 가능한 장점이 있다. 진동자이로의 효시로는 1950년 영국의 Sperry Gyroscope Company의 "Gyroton"이며, 전자기력을 이용한 가진과 측정이 그 특징으로서 실험실 조건에서 지구의 자전속도를 측정할 수 있었다. 그후 1960년대에 General Electric에서 "VYRO"라는 모델을 개발했는데 압전소자를 이용하여 가진과 측정을 하는 방법이 사용되었다. 1980년대에 Watson Ind., Soderkvist등은 센서자체가 압전물질로 만들어진 자이로를 실험하였고 1990년도에 들어서는 진동자이로의 원리를 마이크로 머시닝 기술과 연계시켜서 소형 경량화와 대량생산을 목표로 연구가 일부 진행되고 있다. 현재 제품화되어 실제 응용되고 있는 예로는 무라다사의 삼각프리즘 형태의 자이로, 토킨사의 원통형 자이로 등이 있으며 이러한 자이로는 캠코더 화면의 안정화 장치에 주로 사용되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 압전소자의 압전, 전왜 방정식으로 출발하여 자이로헤드의 동적 거동을 해석하였다. 진동자이로는 물체의 공진주파수에서의 진동현상을 이용하며, 두 방향의 고유진동수를 일치시켜야 하는 등의 설계조건이 있다. 이러한 조건을 만족하도록 사각보 구조를 기본으로 하여 새로운 형태의 자이로헤드를 고안하였다. 자이로헤드의 구동회로를 설계, 해석하고 각속도를 측정할 수 있는 검출회로를 설계하여 설계된 진동자이로의 동적 특성을 확인하고 보정회로를 이용하여 사용 주파수 영역을 넓혔다.이용하여 사용 주파수 영역을 넓혔다.러한 강이성들이 보장되는 제어이론들 중 H$_{\infty}$ 제어이론이 많이 연구/응용 되고 있다. 특히 공칭 플랜트 모델과 함께 사용되는 플랜트 모델과 함께 사용되는 플랜트 불확실성 모델은 직접적으로 성능 및 안정도에 영향을 미치므로 주의 깊게 선정해야 한다. 방법의 실질적인 적용에는 어려움이 있다. 본 연구에서는 기존의 방법들의 단점을 극복할 수 있는 새로운 회귀적 모우드 변수 규명 방법을 개발하였다. 이는 Fassois와 Lee가 ARMAX모델의 계수를 효율적으로 추정하기 위하여 개발한 뱉치방법인 Suboptimum Maximum Likelihood 방법[5]를 기초로 하여 개발하였다. 개발된 방법의 장점은 응답 신호에 유색잡음이 존재하여도 모우드 변수들을 항상 정확하게 구할 수 있으며, 또한 알고리즘의 안정성이 보장된 것이다.. 여기서는 실험실 수준의 평 판모델을 제작하고 실제 현장에서 이루어질 수 있는 진동제어 구조물에 대 한 동적실험 및 FRS를 수행하는 과정과 동일하게 따름으로써 실제 발생할 수 있는 오차나 error를 실험실내의 차원에서 파악하여 진동원을 있는 구조 물에 대한 진동제어기술을 보유하고자 한다. 이용한 해마의 부피측정은 해마경화증 환자의 진단에 있어 육안적인 MR 진단이 어려운 제한된 경우에만 실제적 도움을 줄 수 있는 보조적인 방법으로 생각된다.ofile whereas relaxivity at high field is not affected by τS. On the other hand, the change in τV does not affect low field profile but strongly in fluences on both inflection fie이 and the maximum relaxivity value. The results shows a fluences on both inflection field and the

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.3643-3646
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• 2016

Management of eyelid cancers is based on surgery and/or radiotherapy (RT). The treatment objective is to control tumors with acceptable functional and esthetic outcomes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of radiation therapy in management of epithelial eyelid cancers, reviewing retrospectively the clinical records of patients treated in our institution from January 1989 to December 2013. We focused on clinical and histological features, treatment characteristics, tolerance and disease control. One hundred and eight patients (62 men and 46 women) were enrolled, with a mean age of 61 years [ranges 15-87]. The most frequent tumor location was the inner canthus (42.6%). Median tumor size was 21 mm [ranges 4-70]. Histological type was basal cell carcinoma in 88 cases (81.5%), squamous cell carcinoma in 16 (14.8%) and sebaceous carcinoma in 4 (3.7%). Radiation therapy was exclusive in 67 cases (62%) and post-operative for positive or close margins in the remaining cases. Kilovoltage external beam radiotherapy (KVRT) was used in 63 patients (58.3%) and low-dose-rate interstitial brachytherapy in 37 (34.3%). Eight (7.4%) were treated with cobalt or with a combination of KVRT-cobalt, KVRT-electron beams, KVRT-brachytherapy or cobalt-electron beams. The total delivered radiation doses were 70 Gy (2 Gy/fraction) in 62 patients (57.4%), 66 Gy (2 Gy/fraction) in 37 (34.3%) and 61.2 Gy (3.4Gy/fraction) in 9 (8.3%). After a median follow-up of 64 months, we noted 10 cases of local recurrences(9.2%): 7 after exclusive and 3 after post-operative RT. No local recurrence occurred in patients treated with brachytherapy. Actuarial 5-year local recurrence-free rate, disease-free survival and overall survival were respectively 90%, 90% and 97%. T-stage was found to be a significant factor for recurrence (p=0.047). All acute radiation-related reactions were scored grade I or II. Delayed effects were eye watering in 24 cases (22.2%), eye dryness in 19 (17.6%), unilateral cataract in 7 (6.4%) and ectropion in 4 (3.7%). Radiation therapy and especially brachytherapy is an efficient treatment of eyelid cancers, allowing eye conservation and functional preservation with good local control rates and acceptable toxicity.