• Journal of architectural history
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.49-62
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• 2023

This research aims to investigate Park Kilyong's architectural theory and critique of Gyeongseong (Seoul) buildings, expressed in his 'Overview of Modern Buildings in Gyeongseong' and 'Critique of Gyeongseong Buildings' (Samcheolli, Sept. and Oct. 1935); and 'Architectural Form of the 100% Function' and 'The Modern and Architecture (1)-(4)' (Dong-A Daily, 28 Jul. to 1 Aug. 1936). As a result, it is confirmed that Park had the functionalist theory of modern architecture, which suggests that Korean architects of the Japanese colonial period were accommodating the contemporary trend of world architecture. However, Park shows his fundamental limitations in the fact that the main content of his articles was a verbatim translation of two Japanese references (Kurata, 1927; Ishihara, 1929) without proper indications. Despite the limitations, his texts are still meaningful since he formed his own architectural theory on the basis of what he translated; and indeed his critique of Gyeongseong buildings, however simple, was based on the theory. This research makes a critical analysis of Park's functionalist theory from both the 1930s' and present points of view and compares his commentaries on Gyeongseong architecture with those by Ko Yu-seop (1932) and Hong Yunsick (1937), illustrating how Korea perceived architecture and modernism in 1930s.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.23-30
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• 2023

Objective : The role of female medical personnel in traditional East Asian societies was limited. It might be said that there are no known female medical practitioners in the history of East Asian medicine. However, in the case of Joseon, there was a system for female medical personnel, Euinyeo(醫女). After the late 19th century, women's social activities in Joseon were expanded by Christian missionaries who entered Joseon In somehow, and efforts to train female medical personnel were also growing. The authors are trying to get the actual operation aspect of Gyeongseong Women's Medical College, established in 1938 after ten years of effort from establishing the Gyeongseong Women's medical school in 1928. Methods : Through the 『Gyeongseong Women's Medical College Catalog(京城女子醫學專門學校一覽)』 in 1941, owned by the Handok Museum, the authors researched the operation aspects of Gyeongseong Women's Medical College from the application for establishment in 1937 and the opening of the school in 1938 to 1941 when the College Catalog was published. Results & Conclusion : In the early 20th century, when various medical institutions were appearing in Joseon, it could be said that the role of Gyeongseong Women's Medical College is noteworthy with the fact that a specialized medical college for women has been established and operated to train female medical personnel separately.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.375-407
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• 2009

This research is about Social Education, Reading Movement and Meaning of the Gyeongseong Library which observe from ethnic viewpoint. The result is same as following. First, The Gyeongseong library is the unique library which korean people build, and they thought very seriously. So, tried to keep this library for a long time. The Gyeongseong library supplied knowledge to Korean, although the life was not long. And, as ethnic business value of the Gyeongseong library was much, too. Second, the Gyeongseong library paid attention to child education and education of women as well as it is our country's first public library. And accomplished social education institution's role. Third, readers' of the library was that man was most and the fair readers was minor part, and student was mainly(distinction of sex and profession tendency). And literature, language study etc. got to read most.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.117-132
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• 2019

The study examines the significance and limits of modern park planning by analyzing major planning documents of Gyeongseong in the Japanese colonial era. Among seven selected documents from 1925 to 1940, which show the contents related with park planning, documents of 1930 and 1940 presented the official park plan of Gyeongseong. By the 1920s, the park plan was not a major concern in urban planning of Gyeongseong; however, as the planning law as enacted in 1934, the park plan legally became a part of the official master planning process in the 1930s. In 1940, the most comprehensive park plan for Gyeongseong was published. In the beginning of modern urban planning, a park was mainly perceived as a sanitation utility. From the 1920s to the 1930s, the park planning system was significantly improved including systemic classification of parks, guideline development considering spatial planning, and introduction of a concept of infra-structural green space. Despite of the improvement in the park planning, the actual quantity of the overall green spaces barely changed and there was a huge discrepancy between the planning ideal and the reality. The Gyeongseong stadium was the only facility newly built in the 1920s, and only two parks were constructed in the 1930s. The plan to build 38 new parks in the 1930, and 140 in the 1940 was barely realized. However, there were efforts to improve parks and green spaces of Gyeongseong: Such as appropriating natural forest as parks, designating royal palaces as parks, and focusing on constructing smaller scale children's parks. Even though the ideal plan could not be fully implemented due to the war time situation and tight budget, the park system of Gyeongseong provided the framework of park planning of Seoul after the independence.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.263-267
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• 2020

In the Japanese colonial period of Korean history, appropriate conclusion often overwhelmed the historical imagination, and also pointed out that it shows a similar pattern in spite of the history detective novel genre that emerged with pointing out the limitations of modern history. Historical facts showing in , the legitimacy of independence based on nationalism, and modern civilization are well known in the historical and cultural contents of the Japanese colonial period. It is the reason why applied in historical and cultural contents, as the history as is for current desire of the public to the imaginary community(nation), and as the history which current social conflicts are reflected. History, historical facts and fiction are intermingled in the contents of history, and it is creating a new 'historical imagination'. As a matter of fact, there is only one fact of the past, but the historical imagination of historical and cultural contents is diverse as there is not one historical fact made by historians. History has not yet gone to the imagination for the future, but writing history through historical and cultural contents will create a 'history of possibilities'.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.40
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• pp.95-130
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• 2014

Three frequently used documents by researchers on the Japanese colonial period-Classified Police Records of the Japanese Government-General of korea on the Anti-Japanese Movement 舊 朝鮮總督府 警務局 抗日獨立運 動關係 秘密記錄, Trial Records of Gyeongseong District Court 京城地方法院 裁判記錄 and Filed Documents of Gyeongseong District Court 京城地方法院 編綴文書(while the latter two were collected by the National Institute of Korean History, the former was collected by Asiatic Research Institute of Korea University)-are among the same records group that the Prosecutor's Office of Gyeongseong District Court produced through registration and compilation. As contents related to ideology suppression and thought control were numerous, it could be assumed that most of the materials were produced by the 'Department of Ideology' of the Prosecutor's Office. By examining the administrative records of the 1920's within this group, the process of how the 'Department of Ideology' was formed is clearly shown. As ideological movements for Korea's independence and revolution grew, execution of regulations was further expanded by the Prosecutor's Office. Since the mid-1920's, information on ideology had been separated from general information, was routinely collected heavily, and was considered more valuable than the general information. By the end of the 1920's, the term Ideology Prosecutor 思想係 檢事(meaning a prosecutor who specializes in ideology verification) and the named 'Department of Ideology'(思想部) emerged on the records.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.617-628
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• 2022

In this study, the land market in Eastern District of Gyeongseong is examined using land price data in the 1920's. For the study, land information in 1927 is constructed as a DB, and a map in 1929 is constructed as a GIS file to realize digitalization of historical data. As a result of the study, it is confirmed that spatial autocorrelation exists, and through spatial econometrics analysis, some factors affecting the modern land market are also valid at that time. The results show that land use and road accessibility have a positive effect on the land market, while the proximity of anchor facilities and educational facilities have a negative effect. This study is meaningful in that it has moved on to a research topic that has been insufficient until now by examining whether the factors operating in the land market in the 21st century are also valid in the land market in the 1920's.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.54-65
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• 2020

This study examines history, usage, and spatial change of Cheoldo Park and its significance in the park planning in the Japanese colonial period focusing on the concept of a sports park. Cheoldo Park was verified as the first newly planned park built during the Japanese colonial period and continuously appeared in the official planning documents with different names and areas as a new planned park. This suggest that changes of Cheoldo Park reveal the important conceptual transition in the park planning. Activities in the park were understood by analyzing news paper articles and pictures, while spatial changes of the park were analyzed through maps and aerial photos. Changes in a park planning process were examined through analyzing the planning documents and maps. Cheoldo Park was opened in 1915 as a supporting facility of the Yongsan rail company residence complex. As Cheoldo Park became one of the urban parks of Gyeongseong in 1925, it had functioned as one of the main sports complexes of Gyeongseong. Although a sports park was suggested as a new type of urban park in the 1930's park plan, the programmatic aspect of a sports park was not distinctly defined yet. Cheoldo Park was not regarded as a sports park in the 1930's park plan. As a sports park was distinguished from other types of urban parks pro grammatically in the 1930s, the city tried to transform Cheoldo Park into a sports park. In the park plan of 1940, with major spatial expansion, Cheoldo Park became Ichon Park to be a main large park and sports park of Gyeongseong. Cheoldo Park contributed to the establishing a new direction of modern park planning, shifting from planning focus on quantitative improvement to qualitative improvement of urban parks. It also provided a realistic model to implement the park plans to overcome various limitations of the Japanese colonial period.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.124-139
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• 2015

Unlike other mountains in Korea, Seoul Namsan(南山), which is one of the landmarks that represent the country's capital city, is perceived as a city park. This article aims to study the process that Namsan became a park and the transformation of its place in Korean Emperor and Japanese colonial period. The serial changes in Namsan, in early modern era, mean that is associated with the colonial urbanization and the rule of space by Japan. The stages of Waeseongdae Park(倭城臺公園), Gyeongseong Park(京城公園) and Hanyang Park(漢陽公園) under the leadership of Japan, due to the extension of Japan's power, Namsan has became the park. Here, the park has become a strategic tool of other's occupying Hanseongbu(漢城府), a capital city. The process that Namsan became a park dose not mean making the space for recreation and rest, but is an excuse for using the land. Since then, Namsan's parks barely fulfilled its original function as park as it was transformed into a shrine, Gyeongseong Jinjya(京城神社), for Japanese warriors or was incurred upon by Joseon Singung(朝鮮神宮), which was established as a facility to govern Korea, sometimes is gradually and sometimes is mercilessly. The fact, transplantation of Japanese culture and replacement as ruler space, is another aspect of occupying and govern place. In other words, while the process that Namsan became a park is the way of establishing Japanese force, the transformation of its place show a colonial rule as an aspect of space. Meanwhile, in spite of transformation to shrine, Namsan became accepted as a park for a long time, because of the forest of Namsan. Japan managed forest as a sacred place. It is also a result of the Japanese rule of space.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.123-136
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• 2023

Upon examining land prices in the eastern district of Gyeongseong, it was observed that there were variations in land prices between the northern and southern areas, with the central part being densely populated with modern facilities such as hospitals, schools, and research institutions. As a result, the eastern district of Gyeongseong was further divided into specific sub-areas, namely the northeastern and southeastern, for a more detailed analysis of the land market in each area. In the northeastern area, factors such as distance from the central area and proximity to planned roads were found to have an impact on land prices. On the other hand, in the southeastern area, the distance between the main road, whice were IHyun Road and Jongro, was identified as a significant influencer of land prices. Therefore, the northeastern area exhibited characteristics of a hinterland, influenced by the concentration of major facilities in the central area, while the southeastern area had a strong commercial orientation, largely shaped by the influence of Jongro as a bustling commercial district. This study is significant in that it sheds light on certain aspects of the modern land market by demonstrating that factors such as accessibility to roads and anchor facilities, as well as the segmentation of the land market, were also influential in the land market a century ago.