• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.61 no.6
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• pp.15-37
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• 2011

This study is on dancing dresses of the costumes of Gum-Mu(劍舞, sword dance) in southern, central, and northern region of Korea, focusing on the origin, characteristics and the way of dance. The reason why the Gum-Mu is full of local color is that royal Korean Gisaeng(妓生) and local Gisaeng returned to their hometown and propagated this dance to each regional Kyobang. They combined court sword with each local dance and music and formed the present style of regional Gum-Mu. Dance and music native to area, which has formed today's regional Gum-Mu. The composition of current dancing costume of the sword dance is Jeogori, Chima, Jeondae(戰帶), Jeonrib(戰笠), Kwaeja(快子) Also, The complement colors harmonizing with color of Yin-Yang & Five Elements. which are yellow, blue, white, red, and black, are usually used. And the masculinity in dance were expressed withmore use of blue, and red in the opposite but if a sword dance takes on masculine character, blue color is more used, if feminie character, reddish colors, such as pink and red, are used. Thus, JinJu, Honam, Haeju, Pyeongyang dancing Suit of Gum-Mu feature blue color, Tongyeong, Kyeonggi, Court(seoul)dancing Suit of Gum-Mu feature reddish color.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.664-671
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• 2013

Determination of xanthan gum as watersoluble-polymer in commercial cosmetic samples was carried out by High Perfomance Liquid Chromatography(HPLC). An $C_{18}$ reversed-phase column and the selected ELSD detector was applied. The 25mM ammonium acetate/acetonitrile was used for the mobile phase of gradient conditions. The analysis results of HPLC showed good linearity with correlation coefficient of $r^2=0.9993$ in the rage of $50.3{\sim}604.1{\mu}g/ml$ and detection limit of $12.0{\mu}g/ml$.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.435-440
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• 2012

A liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry method (LC-ESI-MS/MS) was used for determining perchlorate in the Gum-River surface water. Sample was directly injected into LC-ESI-MS/MS after the filtrations using PTFE filter paper. The coefficient of variation of perchlorate was less than 3% and the limit of quantification was 0.17 ${\mu}g/L$. Water samples were collected from thirty-five basins of Gum-River on February, April and June 2012, respectively. As a result, perchlorate was detected in the concentration range of 0.23-3.73 ${\mu}g/L$ (mean 0.20 ${\mu}g/L$) in the frequency of 15% in general surface water and in the concentration range of 0.36-25.10 ${\mu}g/L$ (mean 1.69 ${\mu}g/L$) in the frequency of 36% in surface water samples near industry area.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.725-730
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to identify the effect of additives during copper electrodeposition. Additives such as arabic gum, chloride ions and glue were used in this study. Electrochemical experiments allied to SEM and roughness examination were performed to characterize of the copper foil in the presence of additives. In the production of electrodeposited copper foil, the surface roughness and grain size of the copper foil can be controlled by addition additives. on this study, the more uniform and hemispherical copper crystals are during the initial stages, the smaller crystal size and surface roughness of copper foil are. The surface roughness of copper foil electrodeposited at the current density of 500 $mA/cm^2$ under galvanostatic mode for 60 seconds has a minimum value of 0.136 ${\mu}$m when adding 2 ppm of arabic gum.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.721-727
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• 2006

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of hydrocolloids on the changes in physical properties of a model ice cream. The model ice cream contained water, sugar, skin milk powder, com oil, and 4 different hydrocolloid stabilizers (gelatin, pectin, hydroxyethylstarch, locust bean gum), was manufactured in a batch type freezer. The following physical characteristics of ice cream were examined: flow behavior, overrun, air cell size, ice crystal size, and melt resistance. With regard to flow behavior, all of aged mixes had a lower apparent viscosity relative to the mix before aging, and ice cream mix containing locust bean gum had the highest viscosity. Air cell size was observed to range from 20 to $38\;{\mu}m$, and ice cream with locust bean gum showed the largest size. There was an inverse correlation between overrun and air cell size. The ice crystal sizes of all samples ranged from 25 to $35\;{\mu}m$. Ice cream with added pectin contained the smallest ice crystal size, which was significantly difference from other stabilizers (p<0.05), and resulted in superior melt resistance with increased melting time compared to other samples.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.16
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• pp.7179-7188
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• 2015

Cancer is a major health obstacle around the world, with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and colorectal cancer (CRC) as major causes of morbidity and mortality. Nowadays, there isgrowing interest in the therapeutic use of natural products for HCC and CRC, owing to the anticancer activity of their bioactive constituents. Boswellia serrata oleo gum resin has long been used in Ayurvedic and traditional Chinese medicine to alleviate a variety of health problems such as inflammatory and arthritic diseases. The current study aimed to identify and explore the in vitro anticancer effect of B. Serrata bioactive constituents on HepG2 and HCT 116 cell lines. Phytochemical analysis of volatile oils of B. Serrata oleo gum resin was carried out using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Oleo-gum-resin of B. Serrata was then successively extracted with petroleum ether (extract 1) and methanol (extract 2). Gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) analysis of the lipoidal matter was also performed. In addition, a methanol extract of B. Serrata oleo gum resin was phytochemically studied using column chromatography (CC) and thin layer chromatography (TLC) to obtain four fractions (I, II, III and IV). Sephadex columns were used to isolate ${\beta}$-boswellic acid and identification of the pure compound was done using UV, mass spectra, $^1H$ NMR and $^{13}C$ NMR analysis. Total extracts, fractions and volatile oils of B. Serrata oleo-gum resin were subsequently applied to HCC cells (HepG2 cell line) and CRC cells (HCT 116 cell line) to assess their cytotoxic effects. GLC analysis of the lipoidal matter resulted in identification of tricosane (75.32%) as a major compound with the presence of cholesterol, stigmasterol and ${\beta}$-sitosterol. Twenty two fatty acids were identified of which saturated fatty acids represented 25.6% and unsaturated fatty acids 74.4% of the total saponifiable fraction. GC/MS analysis of three chromatographic fractions (I,II and III) of B. Serrata oleo gum resin revealed the presence of pent-2-ene-1,4-dione, 2-methyl- levulinic acid methyl ester, 3,5- dimethyl- 1-hexane, methyl-1-methylpentadecanoate, 1,1- dimethoxy cyclohexane, 1-methoxy-4-(1-propenyl)benzene and 17a-hydroxy-17a-cyano, preg-4-en-3-one. GC/MS analysis of volatile oils of B. Serrata oleo gum resin revealed the presence of sabinene (19.11%), terpinen-4-ol (14.64%) and terpinyl acetate (13.01%) as major constituents. The anti-cancer effect of two extracts (1 and 2) and four fractions (I, II, III and IV) as well as volatile oils of B. Serrata oleo gum resin on HepG2 and HCT 116 cell lines was investigated using SRB assay. Regarding HepG2 cell line, extracts 1 and 2 elicited the most pronounced cytotoxic activity with $IC_{50}$ values equal 1.58 and $5.82{\mu}g/mL$ at 48 h, respectively which were comparable to doxorubicin with an $IC_{50}$ equal $4.68{\mu}g/mL$ at 48 h. With respect to HCT 116 cells, extracts 1 and 2 exhibited the most obvious cytotoxic effect; with $IC_{50}$ values equal 0.12 and $6.59{\mu}g/mL$ at 48 h, respectively which were comparable to 5-fluorouracil with an $IC_{50}$ equal $3.43{\mu}g/mL$ at 48 h. In conclusion, total extracts, fractions and volatile oils of B. Serrata oleo gum resin proved their usefulness as cytotoxic mediators against HepG2 and HCT 116 cell lines with different potentiality (extracts > fractions > volatile oil). In the two studied cell lines the cytotoxic acivity of each of extract 1 and 2 was comparable to doxorubicin and 5-fluorouracil, respectively. Extensive in vivo research is warranted to explore the precise molecular mechanisms of these bioactive natural products in cytotoxicity against HCC and CRC cells.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.82-88
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• 2003

Four kinds of low calorie mayonnaises containing 1.2% of sodium alginate, 1.0% of guar gum, 1.0% and 1.2% of xanthan gum and one control mayonnaise containing 78.5% of oil without gums were manufactured in pilot scale. Fresh control mayonnaise was higher in viscosity and turbidity than low calorie mayonnaise with gums. During storage at -1$0^{\circ}C$, viscosity and turbidity of control mayonnaise decreased sharply, whereas those of low calorie mayonnaise with gums decreased slightly. Scanning electron microscopy showed that fresh mayonnaise was composed of heterogeneous population of dispersed spherical oil droplets (<10 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$), and oil droplet size of control mayonnaise was smaller than any other low calorie mayonnaise. During storage at -1$0^{\circ}C$, a shift in oil droplet size toward larger oil droplets was frequently observed in control mayonnaise as a result of coalescence of oil droplets. Oil separation and turbidimetric study also confirmed that coalescence of oil droplets was occurring during this accelerated aging treatments.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.53-62
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• 2016

In the present study, we evaluated the effect of CGM on osteogenic differentiation of cultured osteoblasts, and determined whether combination treatment with LLLT had synergistic effects on osteogenic differentiation. The results indicated that CGM promoted proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization of osteoblasts at the threshold concentration of $10{\mu}g/ml$; whereas, CGM showed cytotoxic properties at concentrations above $100{\mu}g/ml$. ALP activity and mineralization were increased at concentrations above $10{\mu}g/ml$. CGM in concentrations up to $10{\mu}g/ml$ also increased the expression of osteoblast-activated factors including type I collagen, BMP-2, RUNX2, and Osterix. The CGM ($50{\mu}g/ml$) and LLLT (80 mW for 15 sec) combination treatment group showed the highest proliferation levels, ALP activity, and mineralization ratios. The combination treatment also increased the levels of phosphorylated forms of p38, ATF2, PKD, ERK, and JNK. In addition, the osteoblast differentiation factors including type I collagen, BMP-2, RUNX2, and Osterix protein levels were clearly increased in the combination treatment group. These results suggested that the combination treatment of CGM and LLLT has synergistic effects on the differentiation and mineralization of osteoblastic cells.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.101-110
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• 2013

We investigated the synergistic apoptotic effects of co-treatments with Chios gum mastic (CGM) and eugenol on G361 human melanoma cells. An MTT assay was conducted to investigate whether this co-treatment efficiently reduces the viability of G361 cells compared with each single treatment. The induction and augmentation of apoptosis were confirmed by DNA electrophoresis, Hoechst staining, and analyses of DNA hypoploidy. Western blot analysis and immunofluorescent staining were also performed to evaluate expression and translocation of apoptosis-related proteins following CGM and eugenol co-treatment. Proteasome activity and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) changes were also assayed.The results indicated that the co-treatment of CGM and eugenol induces multiple pathways and processes associated with an apoptotic response in G361 cells. These include nuclear condensation, DNA fragmentation, a reduction in MMP and proteasome activity, an increase of Bax and decrease of Bcl-2, a decreased DNA content, cytochrome c release into the cytosol, the translocation of AIF and DFF40 (CAD) into the nucleus, and the activation of caspase-9, caspase-7, caspase-3, PARP and DFF45 (ICAD). In contrast, separate treatments of $40{\mu}g/ml$ CGM or $300{\mu}M$ eugenol for 24 hours did not induce apoptosis. Our present data thus suggest that a combination therapy of CGM and eugenol is a potential treatment strategy for human melanoma.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.173-184
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• 1998

The results of this theis are as follows. As regards the chronological transformation of the royal court dancing which is characterized by the variousness and colorfulness of the old-fashioned dancing suit, in the pre-dynasty of triple alliance among Shinla, Bakjae, and Goguryeo, the traditional ritual stood on ceremony through the ceremonial dancing in support of a religional rite. But while the Shinla, Bakjae, and GoGuRyeo dynasty began to excercise the systematic royal control over people, each royal court employed the professional ritual dancers; and it encouraged them to dance on the variety of ceremony on behalf of a rite and celebration. Of course, except for that of Shinla dynasty, it is not so easy to find out the historical record for the evidence which can back up these facts. As representatives of a ritual dancing, the religional ceremony of Shinla dynasty brought about the orientation of GumGee-Mu, MooAe-Mu, Saseon-Mu, Seonyu-Ak, and Cheoyong-Mu.