• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.7-15
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• 2008

The paper proposes information system for providing proper well known delicious restaurants as interactions with users. The system calls 'Moloke', which is an agent for recommending sensitive information on mobile environment The proposing agent differs from existing ones that guide the telephone number and the name of the restaurant. The differences are as following goals. First, the agent gets existing from users as interactive communications on mobile devices through the proper requests on each time zone such as morning, afternoon, and evening. Second, the agent also can recommend a specific restaurant for current personal states such as parties, special community meetings, bio-rhythms and so on. Among them, specially the bio-rhythm is used for recommending proper restaurants to each user. In addition to through proposal suitable design for the mobile agent design more effectively. The research used mobile environment for recommendation service and web environment for data management. Server environment for service used Apache, PHP4, Mysql and mobile page was implemented m-html for approach. Mobile Service was optimized Mozilla-1.22, KUN-1.2.3 Browser

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.195-204
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• 2008

When the drivers try to read an information on road signs, they can reach their destinations successfully. In this situation, human factors, road signs and geometric condition regarded as the most important factors for a safe driving should be a well-balanced relationship mutually. This research aims to prove the factors obstructing a safe driving, while drivers try to read an information on road signs for the next destination. For this sake, driving simulator was used and human factors, road signs etc. were considered in this experiment. The statistical analysis indicated what factors disturb a safe driving. The probability function using a Logistic Model was presented in this study. This result and experience will be used as a basic data in designing better road signs.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.241-250
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• 2019

Road signs are guide facilities for road users, and the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport has established and operated a system to enhance the convenience of managing these road signs. The role of road signs will decrease in the future autonomous driving, but they will continue to be needed. For the accurate mechanical recognition of texts on road signs, automatic road sign recognition equipment has been developed and it has applied image-based text recognition technology. Yet there are many cases of misrecognition due to irregular specifications and external environmental factors such as manual manufacturing, illumination, light reflection, and rainfall. The purpose of this study is to derive location-based destination names for finding misrecognition errors that cannot be overcome by image analysis, and to improve the automatic recognition of road signs destination names by using Levenshtein similarity verification method based on phoneme separation.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.12 no.3 s.30
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• pp.79-89
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• 2004

Despite of a huge amount of GIS data were distributed in the private sectors, they were gradually decayed due to lack of the legal preparation or civilian data distribution channels. In order to solve these problems this study was mainly focused on the civilian GIS data distribution and demonstrated a proposed direction through the requested questionnaire and analysis of the civilian enterprises and public sectors for the favorable civilian GIS distribution flow. The implementation of the civilian GIS data distribution center(provisional name) was proposed fir the civilian GIS distribution flow because of the fact that civilian sectors were seriously requested to build and to operate the civilian GIS distribution organization through the result of the requested questionnaire. The requested questionnaire items were selected as the civilian enterprises distribution, data implementation and management, low and regulations, NGIS distribution network business, and civilian GIS distribution renter build to activate and to participate civilian GIS distribution. Therefore, three implementation models and three implementation operation were proposed to guide a roll of the civilian GIS data distribution center and the distribution boundaries.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.325-331
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• 2000

The present study was designed to assess the role of spinal adenosine $A_2$ receptor in the regulation of cardiovascular functions such as mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Rats (250~300 g) were anesthetized with urethane and paralyzed with d-tubocurarine and artificially ventilated. blood pressure and HR were continuously monitored via a femoral catheter connected to a pressure transducer and a polygraph. Drugs were administered intrathecally using injection cannula through guide cannula which was inserted inthrathecally at lower thoracic level through a puncture of an atlantooccipital mombrane. Intrathecal injection of an adenosine $A_2$ receptor agonist, 5'-(N-cyclopropyl)-carboxamaidoadenosine (CPCA; 1, 2 and 3 nmol, respectively), produced a dose-dependent decrease in MAP and HR. Pretreatment with $N^{G}$-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor or 10 nmol of MDL-12,330, an adenylate cyclase inhibitor blocked significantly the depressor and bradycardic effect of 2 nmol of CPCA. But, Pretreatment with 3 nmol of bicuculline, gamma-aminobutyric acid A (GAB $A_{A}$) receptor antagonist, or 50 nmol of 5-aminovaleric acid, GAB $A_{B}$ receptor antagonist did not inhibit the depressor and bradycardic effect of 2 nmol of CPCA. These results indicate that adenosine $A_2$ receptor in the spinal cord plays an inhibitory role in the regulation of cardiovascular function and that the depressor and bradycardic action of adonosine $A_2$ receptor are mediated via the synthesis of nitric oxide and the activation of adenylate cyclase in the spinal cord of rats.s.s.s.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.305-311
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• 2022

This research aimed to provide a profound description of the practices of social media users in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), specifically the users of Facebook^® (FB) and Snapchat^® (SC), the reasons for these practices, decisions made, and the people involved. Such research would be of significant help to designers and policymakers of social media applications in understanding user practices when using social media applications and the reasons for such practices in the KSA. This better comprehension would be of significant help in improving current applications and creating new ones. According to the data analysis, there was a clear preference for SC over FB in the KSA. Most participants with SC accounts were described as very active users, accessing their accounts at least once a day compared to FB users. The users were led by this high preference for SC to create new words derived from the name of the application and use them in daily life. We showed our experience of carrying out a study in which the main objective was to collect factual empirical data from participants about their daily usage of social media applications while considering the unique cultural settings in the KSA. Mixed quantitative and qualitative methods were used to triangulate the data, increasing its trustworthiness and validity. Multiple perspectives were obtained using various data collection methods. Therefore, conclusions would not be confounded with limitations of any particular methodology or with conditions of any collection rounds. This research would constitute a valuable guide for researchers intending to use methods with male and female informants from different cultures, preparing them for potential challenges and suggesting possible solutions.

• Journal of Korean Society of Archives and Records Management
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.118-162
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• 2004

Archival description in archives has an important role in document control and reference service. Archives has made an effort to do archival description. But we have some differences and problems about a theory and practical processes comparing with advanced countries. The serious difference in a theory is that a function classification, maintenance of an original order, arrangement of multi-level description are not reflected in practical process. they are arranged in shelves after they are arranged by registration order in a unit of a volume like an arrangement of book. In addition, there are problems in history of agency change or control of index. So these can cause inconvenience for users. For improving, in this study we introduced the meaning and importance of arrangement of description, the situation and problem of arrangement of description in The National Archives, and a description guideline in other foreign countries. The next is an example for ISAD(G). This paper has chapter 8, the chapter 1 is introduction, the chapter 2 is the meaning and importance of arrangement of description, excluding the chapter 8 is conclusion we can say like this from the chapter 3 to the chapter 7. In the chapter 3, we explain GOVT we are using now and description element category in situation and problem of arrangement of description in Archives. In the chapter 4, this is about guideline from Archives in U.S.A, England and Australia. 1. Lifecycle Date Requirement Guide from NARA is introduced and of the description field, the way of the description about just one title element is introduced. 2. This is about the guideline of the description from Public Record Office. That name is National Archives Cataloguing Guidelines Introduction. We are saying "PROCAT" from this guideline and the seven procedure of description. 3. This is about Commomon Record Series from National Archives of Australia. we studied Registration & description procedures for CRS system. In the chapter 5, This is about the example which applied ISAD to. Archives introduce description of documents produced from Appeals Commission in the Ministry of Government Administration. In the chapter 6, 7. These are about the problems we pointed after using ISAD, naming for the document at procedure section in every institution, the lack of description fields category, the sort or classification of the kind or form, the reference or identified number, the absence description rule about the details, function classification, multi-level description, input format, arrangement of book shelf, authority control. The plan for improving are that problems. The best way for arrangement and description in Archives is to examine the standard, guideline, manual from archives in the advanced countries. So we suggested we need many research and study about this in the academic field.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.261-280
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• 2012

This study seeks to replace PaRIS Principles and find directions of revising KCR4 by analyzing the international Cataloging Principles 2009(ICP 2009) established in the environment of Machine Readable Cataloging. ICP 2009 was reflected in cataloging rules such as RDA and ISBD 2010 as the minimal principles for uniformity in establishing each nation's cataloging rules. In contrary, KCR4 needs to be revised because it has never been changed after 2003, and has only description rules without any rules for the choice and forms of access points. Therefore, this study aims to grasp requirements that should be reflected in KCR4 through analyzing ICP 2009. In first step, it is to grasp the features of ICP 2009 by comparing PaRIS Principle and ICP 2009 and to compare KCR4 in aspects of ICP 2009. The detailed elements for comparison between ICP 2009 and KCR4 are scope, general principles, entitles, attributes, and relationships, objectives and functions of the catalogue, bibliographic description, access points, foundations for search capabilities as the contents of ICP 2009. As a result, this study could give some directions of KCR4 in the future. First, ISBD 2010 and conceptual models should be reflected in KCR4 in description. Second, it should regulate the authority access points in KCR4 based on ICP 2009. Third, it will describe essential access points of work and expression attributes in bibliographic records and authority records to find works and expression. This study will contribute to guide the national cataloging rules.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.41-50
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• 2013

Purpose - Inducing consumers' behavioral intent to use an outlet shopping center is a critical issue for managers since it can be used as a guide for developing marketing strategies. Low prices could lead to a growth in retail purchases, but there might also be a positive relationship between prices and customer perceptions of product quality. The extent to which consumers use price as a predictor of quality may differ according to the availability of important alternative cues such as brand, store name, and identity salience triggered by the store. Consumers can obtain non-economic benefits from marketing exchanges that go beyond basic economic achievement. We argue that identity salience can play a crucial mediating role when consumers, acting as exchange partners, seek to obtain social benefits. This study shows that identity salience could mediate the relationship between identity salience-inducing factors such as multi-finality, prestige and role performance, and consumers' behavioral intent to use an outlet shopping center. Research design, data and methodology - The survey was conducted on college students enrolled in marketing classes. A total of 200 questionnaires were distributed, of which only 194 were returned. After five incomplete questionnaires were excluded, a final sample of 189 was used for empirical analysis. Using a covariance structural analysis in Amos17, we confirmed the fit of the research model and estimated its parameters by using the maximum likelihood method. Results - The results of the hypotheses testing are as follows. First, both identity salience and economic benefits have positive effects on the behavioral intent to use an outlet shopping center. Second, role performance, prestige, and multi-finality have positive effects on identity salience. Finally, the additive analysis of the direct effects of identity salience-inducing factors shows that the role performance, prestige, and multi-finality factors have no direct effects on the behavioral intent to use an outlet shopping center, suggesting that identity salience plays a positive mediating role. Conclusions - This study informs marketers that not only price but shoppers' identity salience directly affects their intent to visit an outlet shopping center. To strengthen shoppers' identity salience, marketers should find ways to help shoppers fulfill their multiple social roles, realize their multiple goals, and achieve prestige. In other words, outlet shopping centers must improve their personal service environment in order to enhance their employees' service quality and assist the execution of multi-finality by minimizing the perceived costs (e.g., travel time, effort) associated with shopping trips, thus making it easier for consumers to combine visits to multiple stores in outlet shopping centers and buy the items required for their consumption goals. Outlet shopping centers must also offer assortments with both breadth and depth in order to help consumers play the social roles their social networks have given them.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.253-264
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• 2013

We development the service that teacher and parent can control the smart phone of student in school and home, the name is I_smart_keeper. The service is composed of server system, teacher's application, parent's application and student's application. The control of student's phone in school is operated by school timetable and GPS(Global Positioning System) in smart phone. The student's phone is operating one of six policy. The six policy is 'emergency call only', 'specific application only', 'call only', 'call and text only', 'all allowed' and 'all lock'. The teacher can change the current policy with his or her phone, That is a the temporary policy can be applied on a day. In school hours, teacher is able to instruct student using application appropriate to the teaching. If student is leaving school early and located outside school, the service do free the student's phone by GPS of her or his phone. We show the Smart Health Indicator (SHI)that analyse the pattern of student's phone habit and SHI will guide a desirable student's phone habit. In home, parent can control child's phone. The service will help the risk reduction of a robbery case due to keeping student's phone by teacher in class. Currently one elementary school's all student use I_smart_keeper and three elementary school is testing to some class. The teacher's impression was very good and they usually use I_smart_keeper for class in positive light. Survey results for students with higher satisfaction.