• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.333-340
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• 2009

Osteomyelitis means inflammation of the bone marrow. It usually begins in the medullary cavity, involving the cancellous bone; then it extends and spreads to the cortical bone and eventually to the periosteum. The cause is usually thought to be microbiological. But there still are factors that predispose to produce a possible bone infection such as injuries, syphilis, actionomycosis, chronic kidney failure, alcoholism, malnutrition, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Treatment of modalities have been directed toward eradicating microbes and improving circulation in the early stage. In the case presented, surgical debridement and IV antibiotics were the treatment of choice. Osteomyelitis in children is mainly affected in the mandible. And in childhood, the mandibular condyle is regarded as an important center of mandibular growth. Therefore, in young patients, osteomyelitis involving this region may cause a restraint of mandibular development, resulting in facial asymmetry. So diagnosis in the early stage is important in child with osteomyelitis. Recently, we have encountered an interesting case of osteomyelitis of the mandibular condyle in 9-year-old boy. So we present the case and review the literature about osteomyelitis.

• Archives of design research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.383-392
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• 2004

Analysis on Kandinsky's Work as a Case Study of Art Therapy. This study attempts to analyze a work of W. Kandinsky, who placed great emphasis on the relationship between the form and the color of an object, from the viewpoint of art therapy. Most papers related with fine art work analysis approach it from the aesthetical point of view and there are few attempts to interpret art works in terms of art therapy. This study tries to present a new angle to the studies of art therapy Practiced up to now and research is made on its potentiality. With an analysis on the relationship between human psychology, and color and form that convey visual language, research is made on the feasibility of art therapeutic methods through the approaches based on color psychology, Gestalt theory and perception psychology. The final purpose of this study is to apply the results to the development of illustrations, education program for children, and educational instruments and toys that will promote children's healthy emotional growth based on the color psychology and the form psychology of human being. As an initial study, a piece of Kandinsky's work, titled ' CERCLES DANS CERCLE', is analyzed as a case study of art therapy both from theoretical standpoint and from the viewpoint of art therapy. Through this effort, it can be utilized as a new case study of art therapy that will influence human emotion positively and lead to healthful emotional catharsis.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.117-134
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• 2019

This study aims to explore the effects of the parenting education program for high-school maladjusted students. To this purpose, a parenting education program for adolescents developed by the Ministry of Gender Equality and Family(MOGEF) was applied to ten high-school maladjusted students in an alternative(Dae-an) class in Jeju. Findings from class observations and interviews with participants are as follows. First, students with school maladjustment recognized importance and necessity of positive self-concepts and had an opportunity for self-growth through parenting education program. Second, students with school maladjustment obtained understanding about their family of origin and confidence for forming their future families. Third, advance learning about meanings and roles of being a parent provided students with opportunities to know importance of responsible sexual behavior. Fourth, practices of basic care with a replica of a new-born baby enhanced participation and concentration level of students with school maladjustment which became extremely effective in obtaining necessary knowledge for the basic care. Fifth, information provision for parent roles according to children's different developmental levels let students recognize that parent's roles change as their children grow and opened a way to grasp the need of parent education. Sixth, education and repetitive practices on reflective listening helped students enhance communication skills which entailed expanding their human relations. Seventh, passing-down of emotion and understanding on child abuse allowed students recognize risks of child abuse as well as the importance and need of skills for controlling emotion. This study sheds lights on the feasibility and effectiveness of a parenting education program for maladjusted or vulnerable students as an effective program for school drop-out prevention.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.503-510
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• 2007

The nutrient intakes of elementary, middle and high school children whether participate the school milk program or not, were assessed by estimating meals provided for one month. The schools were selected at random all around the country, and were 52 and 32 schools which were participating and non-participating in the school milk supplying program, respectively. Overall, the students, were enrolled schools with participating in milk program, intake higher energy, protein (p<0.01), lipid, sugar, Ca(p<0.001), P (p<0.001), Fe, K, Vit A and cholesterol compared to those of students were enrolled schools of non-participating, statistical significantly. The calcium intake of students participating in school milk program (PMP) about 1.5 times higher than those of students in the schools of non-participating milk program (NPMP), especially. The calcium intake of student were $24{\sim}28%$ and $43%{\sim}51%$ of RDA in PNP and NPNP students, respectively. Therefore, the calcium intake quantities of students, were provided with the school lunch without milk, were low-end limit of RDA. Considering the school lunch with the Koreanstyle foods mostly, the milk supplying were solved this problem. Especially, the difference of the nutrients intake which were followed in the case PMP which will consider an average 15-20% food left, magnification of milk supplying program in schools may help more growth of children, so the expansion of milk supplying programs in the schools were demanded, urgently.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.97-104
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• 2015

Sleep is not only an essential physiological function, but also serves important roles in promoting growth, maturation, and overall health of humans. There is increasing interest regarding the impact of sleep and its disorders on the regulation of inflammatory processes and end-organ morbidities, particularly in the context of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and their complications. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is an increasingly common health problem in children. In the last decade, the emergence of increasing obesity rates has further led to remarkable increases in the prevalence of OSAS, along with more prominent neurocognitive, behavioral, cardiovascular and metabolic morbidities. Although the underlying mechanisms leading to OSAS-induced morbidities are likely multifactorial and remain to be fully elucidated, activation of inflammatory pathways by OSAS has emerged as an important pathophysiological component of the end-organ injury associated with this disorder. To this effect, it would appear that OSAS could be viewed as a chronic, low-grade inflammatory disorder. Furthermore, the concurrent presence of obesity and OSAS poses a theoretically increased risk of OSAS-related complications. In this study, we will critically review the current state of research regarding the impact of insufficient and disrupted sleep and OSAS on the immune processes and inflammatory pathways that underlie childhood OSAS as a distinctive systemic inflammatory condition in children, and will explore potential interactions between OSAS and obesity.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.28-35
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• 1994

Research on biological aspects on adult depression has been subjected to more than 25 years of systematic research, while biologic investigations regarding childhood and adolescent depression are only now being initiated. Although no unifying, explanatory theory of the biologic etiology of childhood depression emerges from the results of studies reviewed above, the findings do support that biological factors may be involved in the genesis of childhood depression. The research reviewed in this paper suggests that age and pubertal factors have major effects in most biological markers of depression. Some of these markers, like sleep EEG and neuroendocrine markers should be broken down by decades during adult life span. Thus, although adult data are very valuable points of departure for biological research on child and adolescent depression, it is very hard to transfer the adult data to prepubertal children and adolescents, ignoring the biological changes that take place in growth and development, pubety and aging. A great deal of work in basic developmental neuroscience remains to be done. It will be crucial for further advances in this field to determine the normal patterns of neurotransmitter interaction in this age group and to study children at high risk for depression. It will be also crucial to use primate models of depressive illness in order to be able to answer the many queations that cannot be investigated in humans for ethical issues. Conclusively, much closer collaboration between developmental and neurobiological and behavioral studies in primates and in humans will be essential for further development.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.99-115
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• 2024

A worldwide effort is underway to utilize urban parks as a means ofresponding to climate change, providing various benefits to citizens. However, it also has several negative effects, such as an increase in pollen allergies. These negative impacts have been defined as ecosystem disservices and discussed globally, although the discussion remains insufficient domestically. In particular, pollen allergies have been discussed as a typical ecosystem disservice, with negative impacts such as an increase in symptoms attributed to higher pollen production or the growth of trees with higher antigenicity. The WHO reports that approximately 30% of the world's population suffers from pollen allergies. Many recent studies indicate that the harm induced by pollen allergies is expected to increase due to changes in the climate and thermal environment. In this context, we aim to diagnose the allergenicity of current urban parks and assess changes according to climate change scenarios. To achieve this goal, we assess pollen allergenicity in Seoul Children's Grand Park using the Urban Green Space Allergenicity Index (IUGZA) as the first step towards discussing ecosystem disservices. We found that the IUGZA value in the target area exceeds the threshold suggested in previous research, causing harm due to pollen allergies and is expected to increase according to climate change scenarios. We conclude that this result indicates that social harm from pollen allergies in urban parks may increase due to climate change. Therefore, we emphasize the necessity of discussing ecosystem disservices in the composition of urban parks.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.134-144
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• 2010

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the volumes and areas of the upper airways in children with Class II malocclusion, using three dimensional cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and to compare the volumetric and cross-sectional measurements and cephalometric variables to investigate possible relationships between the upper airway and facial morphology. Methods: CBCT scans were obtained from 37 subjects (17 boys and 20 girls; average age, 11.02 years). The upper airway volumes and areas were measured, and compared with cephalometric variables. Results: The area of the PNS-posterior plane ($S_{PP}$) was significantly smaller in the Class II malocclusion group (p < 0.05). Also, the volumetric and cross-sectional measurements were lower in Class II than in Class I malocclusion groups, although the differences were not significant between the two groups (p > 0.05). The Class II malocclusion group showed significantly smaller values of PFH, mandibular body length, pog to N perp and showed larger values of FMA, ANB, and facial convexity than the Class I malocclusion group. The volume of the upper airway in front of PNS point (WN) showed negative correlation with ANB (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The Class II malocclusion group had a narrower upper airway associated with a decreased posterior facial height and a divergent growth pattern than the Class I malocclusion group.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.68 no.3
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• pp.73-103
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• 2016

In this study, it investigates the life of normal adolescents who have parents with intellectual disability and their difficulties which suggested social welfare meanings of this study. In order to conduct wide and in-depth analysis on cases by utilizing the characteristics of qualitative case studies, it describes and analyzes the intellectual disability parents' normal children in detail from the viewpoint of an insider through in-depth interviews, various sources and diverse data collecting methods. As for the subject of this study, both parents should be persons with intellectual disability and their child shall be non-disabled and at least a high school student or older. Through the intentional sampling, five late adolescents who were in high school, all males participated in the study. The data collection process had been conducted from January 2014 to May, which is commonly utilized for qualitative case studies, and comparative analysis between cases were practiced for analysis. For credibility of the research results, it obtained severity at each stage by meeting the standard. The analysis results were largely divided into "growth story of non-disabled adolescents" and "life of non-disabled adolescents". Nine upper categories analyzed the common features in each case. The nine categories were "no one tells me to study", "advance while learning the sense of academic achievement", "hide into my own space", "having to grown up early", "different parents but same love", "relatives raised me", "have a friend who accepts me as I am", "being pressed by poverty", and "standing on a knife edge of being hurt and taking heart". Based on the in-depth research on normal teens that have intellectually disabled parents, theoretically speaking, this study expanded the prospect of study on intellectually disabled to their normal, intellectual teenage children. As for practical significance, understanding their parents' intellectual disability, parenting technique training, case management from the community level is suggested. Rregular real condition research of the families, allowance system for economic support et al. is suggested in policy aspect.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.113-141
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• 2017

Child welfare centers not only protect children at the first line of community, but also perform the tasks of systematic social service by linking the various resources of community and establishing a support system for children. Making quantitative growth, child welfare centers are faced with a request for operational systemicity and professionalism in terms of quality. This study set out to investigate the effects of professional capability, psychological capital, and career-related continuous learning on the job performance among practitioners of child welfare centers. For those purposes, the study conducted a survey by mail with those who were working for child welfare centers in Busan and Gyeongnam Province from March 2 to 25, 2016. Of the collected questionnaires, 550 whose responses were sincere were used in the final analysis. The analysis results show that psychological capital had the biggest influence on the job performance among practitioners of child welfare centers. Furthermore, in the chief of child welfare centers, the more having of professional capability, the more job performance they experienced. However, in the front-line social workers, professional capability did not affect the job performance. Those results indicate that the expansion of psychological capital should be a top priority to help the practitioners of child welfare centers improve their job performance. Based on those findings, the study offered some implications for the organizational management of child welfare centers.