Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.4041/kjod.2010.40.3.134

Three dimensional analysis of the upper airway and facial morphology in children with Class II malocclusion using cone-beam computed tomography  

Hong, Ji-Suk (Department of Orthodontics, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center)
Kim, Dae-Sung (Graduate School of Hallym University)
Oh, Kyung-Min (Department of Orthodontics, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center)
Kim, Yoon-Ji (Department of Orthodontics, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center)
Lee, Kyu-Hong (Public Health Center of Namyangju-si)
Park, Yang-Ho (Department of Orthodontics, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center)
Publication Information
The korean journal of orthodontics / v.40, no.3, 2010 , pp. 134-144 More about this Journal
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the volumes and areas of the upper airways in children with Class II malocclusion, using three dimensional cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and to compare the volumetric and cross-sectional measurements and cephalometric variables to investigate possible relationships between the upper airway and facial morphology. Methods: CBCT scans were obtained from 37 subjects (17 boys and 20 girls; average age, 11.02 years). The upper airway volumes and areas were measured, and compared with cephalometric variables. Results: The area of the PNS-posterior plane ($S_{PP}$) was significantly smaller in the Class II malocclusion group (p < 0.05). Also, the volumetric and cross-sectional measurements were lower in Class II than in Class I malocclusion groups, although the differences were not significant between the two groups (p > 0.05). The Class II malocclusion group showed significantly smaller values of PFH, mandibular body length, pog to N perp and showed larger values of FMA, ANB, and facial convexity than the Class I malocclusion group. The volume of the upper airway in front of PNS point (WN) showed negative correlation with ANB (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The Class II malocclusion group had a narrower upper airway associated with a decreased posterior facial height and a divergent growth pattern than the Class I malocclusion group.
Keywords
Upper airway; CBCT; Class II malocclusion; Facial morphology;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 5  (Citation Analysis)
Times Cited By Web Of Science : 1  (Related Records In Web of Science)
Times Cited By SCOPUS : 1
연도 인용수 순위
1 Sosa FA, Graber TM, Muller TP. Postpharyngeal lymphoid tissue in Angle Class I and Class II malocclusions. Am J Orthod 1982;81:299-309.   DOI   ScienceOn
2 Joseph AA, Elbaum J, Cisneros GJ, Eisig SB. A cephalometric comparative study of the soft tissue airway dimensions in persons with hyperdivergent and normodivergent facial patterns. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1998;56:135-9.   DOI   ScienceOn
3 Alves PV, Zhao L, O'Gara M, Patel PK, Bolognese AM. Three-dimensional cephalometric study of upper airway space in skeletal class II and III healthy patients. J Craniofac Surg 2008;19:1497-507.   DOI   ScienceOn
4 Major MP, Flores-Mir C, Major PW. Assessment of lateral cephalometric diagnosis of adenoid hypertrophy and posterior upper airway obstruction: a systematic review. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2006;130:700-8.   DOI   ScienceOn
5 Abramson ZR, Susarla S, Tagoni JR, Kaban L. Three-dimensional computed tomographic analysis of airway anatomy. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2010;68:363-71.   DOI   ScienceOn
6 McNamara JA. Influence of respiratory pattern on craniofacial growth. Angle Orthod 1981;51:269-300.
7 Kim YJ, Bok GS, Lee KH, Hwang YI, Park YH. The relationship between upper airway width and facial growth changes in orthodontic treatment of growing children. Korean J Orthod 2009;39:168-76.   과학기술학회마을   DOI   ScienceOn
8 Behlfelt K, Linder-Aronson S, McWilliam J, Neander P, Laage-Hellman J. Cranio-facial morphology in children with and without enlarged tonsils. Eur J Orthod 1990;12:233-43.   DOI   ScienceOn
9 Solow B, Siersbaek-Nielsen S, Greve E. Airway adequacy, head posture, and craniofacial morphology. Am J Orthod 1984;86:214-23.   DOI   ScienceOn
10 Hwang YI, Lee KH, Lee KJ, Kim SC, Cho HJ, Cheon SH, et al. Effect of airway and tongue in facial morphology of prepubertal Class I, II children. Korean J Orthod 2008;38:74-82.   과학기술학회마을   DOI   ScienceOn
11 Kim YI, Kim SS, Son WS, Park SB. Pharyngeal airway analysis of different craniofacial morphology using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Korean J Orthod 2009;39:136-45.   과학기술학회마을   DOI   ScienceOn
12 Subtelny JD, Baker HK. The significance of adenoid tissue in velopharyngeal function. Plast Reconstr Surg 1956;17:235-50.   DOI
13 Mergen DC, Jacobs RM. The size of nasopharynx associated with normal occlusion and Class II malocclusion. Angle Orthod 1970;40:342-6.
14 Fouke JM, Strohl KP. Effect of position and lung volume on upper airway geometry. J Appl Physiol 1987;63:375-80.
15 Pae EK, Lowe AA, Sasaki K, Price C, Tsuchiya M, Fleetham JA. A cephalometric and electromyographic study of upper airway structures in the upright and supine positions. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1994;106:52-9.   DOI   ScienceOn
16 Proffit WR. Concepts of growth and development. In: Proffit WR, Fields HW, Sarver DM editor. Contemporary orthodontics. 4th ed. St Louis: Mosby; 2007. p. 27-9.
17 Dahlberg G. Statistical methods for medical and biological students. London: G. Allen & Unwin Ltd; 1940. p. 1-140.
18 Iwasaki T, Hayasaki H, Takemoto Y, Kanomi R, Yamasaki Y. Oropharyngeal airway in children with Class III malocclusion evaluated by cone-beam computed tomography. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2009;136:318.e1-9.
19 Lagravere MO, Carey J, Toogood RW, Major PW. Three-dimensional accuracy of measurements made with software on cone-beam computed tomography images. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2008;134:112-6.   DOI   ScienceOn
20 Chang HS, Baik HS. A proposal of landmarks for craniofacial analysis using three-dimensional CT imaging. Korean J Orthod 2002;32:313-25.   과학기술학회마을
21 Moore A. Observations on mouth breathing. Bull N Z Soc Periodontol 1972;33:9-11.
22 Ceylan I, Oktay H. A study on the pharyngeal size in different skeletal patterns. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1995;108:69-75.   DOI   ScienceOn
23 Hwang CJ, Ryu YK. A longitudinal study of nasopharynx and adenoid growth of Korean children. Korean J Orthod 1985;15:93-104.
24 Lee YS, Kim JC. A cephalometric study on the airway size according to the types of the malocclusion. Korean J Orthod 1995;25:19-29.
25 Lee YS, Baik HS, Lee KJ, Yu HS. The structural change in the hyoid bone and upper airway after orthognathic surgery for skeletal class III anterior open bite patients using 3-dimensional computed tomography. Korean J Orthod 2009;39:72-82.   과학기술학회마을   DOI   ScienceOn
26 Angle E. Treatment of malocclusion of the teeth. 7th ed. Philadelphia: SS White Manufacturing Company; 1907. p. 45.
27 Holmberg H, Linder-Aronson S. Cephalometric radiographs as a means of evaluating the capacity of the nasal and nasopharyngeal airway. Am J Orthod 1979;76:479-90.   DOI   ScienceOn
28 Ricketts RM. Respiratory obstruction syndrome. Am J Orthod 1968;54:495-507.   DOI   ScienceOn
29 Lopatiene K, Babarskas A. Malocclusion and upper airway obstruction. Medicina (Kaunas) 2002;38:277-83.
30 Linder-Aronson S. Adenoids. Their effect on mode of breathing and nasal airflow and their relationship to characteristics of the facial skeleton and the denition. A biometric, rhino-manometric and cephalometro-radiographic study on children with and without adenoids. Acta Otolaryngol Suppl 1970;265:1-132.