• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.244-249
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• 2011

The inhibitory effects of adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes with water and ethanol extracts of Curdrania tricuspidata leaves were investigated. The lipid accumulation of ethanol extract from Curdrania tricuspidata leaves at a concentration of 5 mg/mL was reduced by 50% compared with control cells, whereas water extracts reduced by 86%. The survival rate of cell viability test showed 80% in the growth of cells at concentrations of 0.5-5 mg/mL. The contents of DNJ(1-deoxynojirimycin) and rutin were higher in leaves than those of stem. Moreover, DNJ contents were detected in large amounts in ethanol extract ($3921.3{\mu}g/g$) compared with water extract ($2906.3{\mu}g/g$). On the contrary, the rutin contents was detected in large amounts in water extracts compared with ethanol extract. These results indicate that Curdrania tricuspidata leaves extract is potential sources of natural antiobesity agent.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.110-115
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• 2012

$Epimedium$ $koreanum$ Nakai is a wild medicinal plant commonly consumed in South Korea due to its beneficial health effects. In this study, the antimutagenic and immunological activities of $E.$ $koreanum$ Nakai extracts were investigated for their use in food. In the immunomodulating activity, the effects of $E.$ $koreanum$ Nakai on the B cell (Rhamos) and T cell (Molt-4) were investigated. The results showed that the growth and viability of the B and T cells were increased and activated more in the ethylacetate (1.35 and 1.48 times) and water fraction (1.30 and 1.40 times), respectively. In the Ames test, none of the fractions produced a mutagenic effect on $Salmonella$. $typhimurium$ TA98 and TA 100. The ethylacetate fraction showed a strong antimutagenic effect (98%) on and a high butanol fraction (84%) of B(${\alpha}$)P in $S.$ $typhimurium$ TA98 and TA100, respectively. In 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO), all the solvent fractions showed an over 70% antimutagenic effect, except for the chloroform extract. Especially, ethylacetate and butanol showed strong inhibition of the mutagenic effects (80 and 90%) on 4NQO in $S.$ $typhimurium$ TA98 and TA100, respectively. These results provide preliminary data for the development of $E.$ $koreanum$ Nakai as an edible food material.

• Journal of Korean Society of Archives and Records Management
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.231-243
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• 2001

The sterilization method of records by fumigation using mixed gas of methyl bromide(MB) and ethylene oxide(ETO) has been generally used as a way to protect biological deterioration by microorganisms and insects. In this study, we confirmed sterilization effect of MB and ETO [86 : 14(Vol.%)] on and analyzed toxicity on microorganisms isolated from records. To analyze sterilization effect of fumigation on microorganisms and insect, we have fumigated microorganisms and insect with a various amounts mixed gas of MB and ETO, and various exposure time. Insect was sterilized at all experimental conditions. In microorganisms, sterilization effect was detected only when the mixed gas was treated at $120g/m^3$ concentration for at least 24 hrs. To test the possibility of isolated microorganisms as a threat to human health, it was investigated that toxicity test using yeast, radish and cancer cells on microorganisms. Only Aspergillus oryzae had an inhibition effect on growth of yeast. radish and cancer cells, respectively. These results demonstrate that sterilization effect can occur at low concentrations of the mixed gas on insect but requires higher concentrations of the mixed gas on microorganisms. In addition to, it is suspected that the possibility of the microorganism as a threat to human health is little.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.41 no.spc
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• pp.93-98
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• 2008

We investigated the effect on the removal of BOD, SS, TN and TP and algal growth inhibition of Vegetated Artificial Floating Island (VAFI), by examining microorganism activity and nutrient uptake in the batch test of various conditions: (1) Blank (Control group), (2) VAFI of $0.25m^2$, (3) AFI of $0.25m^2$ which has no vegetation, (4) buoyant plate of $0.25m^2$, (5) buoyant plate of $0.25m^2$ with linear media. The proportion of BOD removal in the VAFI, AFI, buoyant plate and buoyant plate with media were 82.7, 80.8, 45.2% and 59.6% respectively. TN removal in the VAFI, AFI and buoyant plate with media were 51.2, 31.7% and 25.1% respectively. TP removal in the VAFI, AFI, buoyant plate and buoyant plate with media were 23.3, 16.7, 10.0% and 13.3% respectively. Chlorophyll-${\alpha}$ removal in the VAFI was 97.9%. The factors of chlorophyll-${\alpha}$ removal in the VAFI accounted for the shading effect of 35.1%, microorganisms activity of 61%, and plant root of 1.8%.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.283-292
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• 1986

Isolation and identification of Mycoplasma were performed to clarify Mycoplasma infection of mice fed by conventional feeding at two ($K_1$, $K_2$) institutes in Korea. The twenty mice to be tested were randomly sampled from each of 10 breeding colonies in respective institute. Identification of the Mycoplasma strains isolated from the nasal cavity, lung and synovia of mice was made according to the morphology of colonies, biological and biochemical properties with special reference to M. pulmonis, M. arthrotodis and M. neurolyticum. In addition, growth inhibition test was performed using hyperimmune rabbit antisera to the strain PG-22 of M. pulmonis, the strain PG-6 of M, arthritidis and the strain PG-28 of M. neurolyticum and also differentiation of isolates from L-form bacteria was dont by Dieses staining and culture method with passage of the isolates on liquid media eliminated antibacterial drug. On the other hand, a total of 13 strains out of the 44 isolated M. pulmonis from mice was investigated for their susceptibility against 16 antibiotics in vitro. The antibiotic sensitivity test was made using $3{\times}10^4$ organisms/0.3ml on each plate(90mm diameter) with antibiotic mono-or tri-disk. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Out of 20 mice from 10 breeding colonies in Kl institute, mycoplasma-like strains from the nasal cavity of 16 mice(80%) and from the lung of 8 mice(40%) were isolated, while out of 20 mice in K2 institute, M-like strains were isolated from the nasal cavity of 14 mice(70%) and from the lung of 6 mice(30%). However, no mycoplasma-like organisms were isolated from the synovia of the 40 mice examined. All the 44 strains isolated were identified as the organisms of M. pulmonis. 2. Out of the 16 antibiotics tested, penicillin, oleandomycin and bacitracin showed no activity against all the 13 M. pulmonis strains. On the contrary, lincomycin, clindamycin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, minocycline, kanamycin, gentamycin and tobramycin showed high activity with three different antibiotic concentration of tridisk, but amikasin and spiramycin showed intermediate activity. Other antibiotics such as polymyxin B and colistin showed low activity, while erythromycin showed lower activity than others.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.1651-1657
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• 2009

Physical activity and exercise can promote sensorimotor recovery from central nerve injury. It has been suggested that the functional recovery promoted by exercise training after spinal cord injury might be associated with insulin-like growth factor-I in the inflicted muscle. To investigate morphological and biochemical change of the soleus muscle after spinal cord injury, all tissues were used for H&E, immunofluorescence staining and Western blot. Also, BBB-test was used to evaluate behavioral improvement after spinal cord contusion. Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats ($230{\pm}10\;g$; 7week in age) were assigned equally to three different groups; Normal (n=10), SCI (n=10), SCI+TMT (n=10). Every rat in SCI and SCI+TMT groups underwent laminectomy at T9 level and then contusion on the exposed spinal cord site in anesthetized condition. After one week-recovery from contusion, every rat in the SCI+TMT group exercised on a motorized treadmill for 30min/d, 5d/wk for 7wks. TMT followed by injury increased IGF-I induction levels in the soleus muscle and inhibited muscle atrophy. Behavioral scales for 4 and 8 weeks after spinal cord injury were improved in the SCI+TMT group compared to the SCI group. These results suggest that treadmill exercise after spinal cord injury might promote functional recovery along with muscle regrowth through the up-regulation of IGF-1 in muscle tissue.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.790-794
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• 2004

Bifidobacterium spp. exhibits the highest number of counts among species of microflora in breast-feeding infant intestines and has been used as probiotics. From infant groups with different diets, 42 Bifidobacterial strains were isolated by selective plate, Gram-staining, and morphology using method of Mitsuoka, among which seven isolates were identified as Bifidobacterium spp. by F6PPK test, MIDI, and PCR. B. bifidum PBH-30, selected for development of probiotics, showed high resistance against low pH and oxgall treatment, and inhibition against pathogens such as Salmonella typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus. B. bifidum PBH-30 could be applicable to dairy products as probiotic strains due to its excellent growth in raw milk.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.109-119
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• 2012

This study analyzed the antibacterial activity of the ethanol extract of Schizandra chinensis Baillon against food pathogenic microorganisms to determine its capabilities as a natural antimicrobial agent. A paper disc diffusion test, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination, and time-kill assay showed that the ethanol extract strongly inhibits the growth of Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Release of cytoplasmic ${\beta}$-galactosidase was detected in E. coli, E. coli O157:H7, S. aureus, and P. aeruginosa treated with the ethanol extract. An increase of outer membrane permeability caused by the ethanol extract was also observed. An outward flow of cell constituents was detected in the Gram negative strains treated with the ethanol extract. These results imply that the inner and outer membranes of cells were partially destroyed and cell constituents were released by the treatment of the S. chinensis Baillon ethanol extract. The results of this study indicate that ethanol extract of S. chinensis Baillon evidences a fairly good antibacterial effect.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.797-804
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• 2005

Physiological activity of citrus essential oil (CEO) was determined to examine possible use of the food processing by-product as a functional material for food and cosmetic composition. The effect of gamma irradiation on the change of physiological activity also investigated at 0, 10 and 20 kGy. Limonene contents of CEO was $88.3\pm1.30\%$. Electron donating ability of CEO was $69\%$. Lipid oxidation was retarded by CEO. CEO showed antimicrobial activity against 1 yeast,4 molds and 4 bacteria species tested. More than $80\%$ of inhibition of cancer cell growth was presented by CEO using A549, HT29, HepG2, B16F10 and G361 cells at a 500 ppm level. Irradiation of CEO did not affect any physiological functions. A Salmonella mutagenicity assay indicated that the 20 kGy irradiated CEO did not show any mutagenicity Therefore, CEO, which is a major by-product in citrus processing, could be used as a functional material in various application.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.95-102
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate antimicrobial activity of ally derivative of garlic against eye diseases, and to get basic data for an application development of the derivative, as a natural preservative, to multi-purpose solution (MPS). Methods: Antimicrobial activity of allyl derivative of garlic, diallyl sulfide (DAS), against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) and Staphyloccus aereus (S. aereus) was determined. After DAS treatment in MPS of no microbial activity, its growth inhibition effect to bacteria was also determined. Results: DAS concentrations of $IC_{50}$ against P. aeruginosa and S. aereus were found when both bacteria were treated with DAS concentration of 0.25% and 0.64%, respectively. At MPS test, a product from Company A did not show any effects against both bacteria, but one from Company B showed antimicrobial activity against both bacteria. Antimicrobial activity test of the product from Company B in MPS did not showed any significant difference on both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. For a trial application of antimicrobial activity of DAS as a natural preservative, DAS was added to MPS of Company A which did not show any antimicrobial activity at treated concentration. Addition of DAS into MPS of Company A resulted in antimicrobial activity of DAS, which suggested a possible application of DAS as a germicide for contact lenses. Conclusions: This study showed allyl derivative of garlic has antimicrobial activity against both P. aeruginosa and against S. aereus, but more effects on P. aeruginosa. The result suggests that allyl derivative derived from garlic can be developed to a preservative of MPS as a natural substance.