• The Korean Journal of Elementary Counseling
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.215-236
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• 2005

The Purpose of this study is that self-growth program searches effect self-concept and peer-relationship with elementary school student, and advance following assumption to achieve this purpose and achieved study. First, self-concept point of experiment group students who execute self-growth program will be improved is meaning than self-concept point of control group students. Second, peer-relationship point of experiment group students who execute self-growth program will be improved is meaning than peer-relationship point of control group students. Third, effect that self-growth program gets to self-concept may be meaning difference according to sex. Fourth, difference that impact that self-growth program gets in peer- relationship is meaning according to sex may join. Chose fifth-year student 2 class 68 people (experiment group n=34, control group n=34) in I primary school locating to Jeonrabuk-do Iksan-si to verify above construction for study target. Disposal about experiment group executed over 10th for 60-80 minute 2 times in a week because investigator uses reconstructing self-growth program with virtue research paper such as learning program for own growth of Lee-Hyeong-Deuk (1998). In order to verify the effect after experiment, 1 collected materials for estimation by providing the subject children with questionaires about self-concept and peer-relationship before and after the experiment, and then analyzed the average differences in number of marks between the experiment group and the control group before and after the experiment through and by using One-Way ANOVA, and SPSS 11.0 program. The following is the result what I obtained from the above study. First, there was significant difference is between average difference before and after of experiment group and control group which execute self-growth program in self-concept elevation ($F_{(1,66)} =28.734$, p <.001). From the sub-variable, there was significant difference in academic self ($F_{(1,66)}=6.423$, p<.05), Social Self ($F_{(1,66)}=48.331$, p<.001), Physical Self ($F_{(1,66)}=11.074$, p <.01), sentimental self ($F_{(1,66)}=9.402$, p <.01) Second, there was significant difference is average difference before and after of experiment group and control group which execute self-growth program in peer-relationship promotion ($F_{(1,66)}=24.109$, p <.001). From the sub-variable there W3S Significant difference in trust ($F_{(1,66)}=14.507$, p<.001), respect ($F_{(1,66)}=15.271$, p <.001). Third, there was expose that significant difference does not exist in average self-concept before and after by sex of experiment group which executes self-growth program, and was not shown significant difference in sub-vairable. Fourth, there was expose that significant difference of whole peer- relationship and in respect of sub-variable in average peer-relationship before-after by sex of experiment group which execute self-growth program, but significant difference did not appear in trust. Could get conclusion that self-growth program is effect in elementary school student self-concept elevation and peer-relationship promotion according to these study finding, and confirmed possibility that self-growth program may contribute to change emotional special quality of children positively in education spot.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.1281-1285
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• 2004

A line of Japanese quail selected for increased body weight for 15 generations (C) and an unselected control line (K) were used to examine the impact of selection for body weight on the growth curve of Japanese quail. In addition, the effect of sex on the growth curve in each line was also studied, namely females of C (CF), males of C (CM), females of K (KF) and males of K (KM). The monophasic and diphasic growth models were studied for adequacy in describing growth curves of quail in both sexes of the C and K lines. The monophasic function provided almost the same growth rate for both sexes in both lines. However, the growth rates calculated by means of the diphasic function differed between sexes for both lines, except for those calculated for C during the second growth phase. While there were 2-3 days difference between sexes in age at maximum gain in both lines with a monophasic model, the difference between sexes in the age at maximum gain in both lines became greater according to the diphasic model. There were 5 and 7 days difference between sexes in the age at maximum gain in line C for the first and second growth phases, respectively. A difference between sexes of 18 and 11 days in the age at maximum gain for the first and second phases, respectively, was estimated for line K when the diphasic function was fitted. The use of diphasic functions provides more detailed information on growth patterns. The results showed that the use of the diphasic function was better because it provided greater insights into understanding the biology of growth.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.21-38
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• 2008

This research aimed to analyze the differences in financial variables classifying chain restaurants. A total of 126 samples were drawn from financial statements for $2001{\sim}2006$. As a result of analysis, there was a significant difference in Pillai's Trace, Wilks' Lambda, Hotelling's Trace, and Roy's Largest Root values at the significant probability value(p<0.05) based on F value in terms of stability among chain restaurants. Difference was found only in current rate and liabilities in ANOVA. There was a great difference in current rate among institutional restaurants, fast food restaurants, and cafeterias. There was a significant difference in Pillai's Trace, Wilks' Lambda, Hotelling's Trace, and Roy's Largest Root values at the significant probability value(p<0.05) based on F value in terms of restaurants' profitability. In ANOVA, difference was found only in net profits to net sales. It was revealed that all factors showed no significant differences in multiple comparison. All multi-variant test statistics showed a significant difference in growth and turnover. ANOVA showed a significant difference in net sales growth rate, net profit growth rate, and total assets growth rate.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.85-100
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• 1981

Serial lateral cephalometric radiographs of 40 Korean children(25 males, 15 females) ranging in age from 6 to 13 years were studied by means of computer morphometrics and statistical analysis. As a result of this study, the following conclusions can be made: 1. In both sexes, the mean growth patterns of the face were very stable and the growth directions of the face were more prominent both forward and down-ward away from the cranial base(S-N). 2. In the mandible, the rotation and the 'wave-like' manner of migration were observed. 3. The size of the lateral faces in males was larger than females at 6 and 13 years of age, and the forms of the lateral faces in males were slightly more squares than females at 13 years of age. 4. The sex differences and practical means in the growth increments and growth rates during 7 years of the growth period were as follows: (1) In the total face, there was a significant sex difference in the growth increments(males $26.21cm^2$, females $23.24cm^2$) and growth rates(males $42.02\%$, females $39.28\%$). (2) In the facial surface 1, there was a significant sex difference in the growth increments(males $21.30cm^2$, females $19.19cm^2$) but there was no significant sex difference in the growth rates(males $41.35\%$, females $39.10\%$). (3) In the anterior total facial height(N-Ne), there was no significant sex difference in the growth increments(males 18.23mm, females 17.45mm) and the growth rates(males $18.44\%$, females $18.19\%$). (4) In the posterior total facial height(S-Go), there was a significant sex difference in the growth increments(males 14.61mm, females 12.98mm) but there was no significant sex difference in the growth rates(males $23.78\%$, females $22.25\%$). 5. The percentages of anterior upper facial height to anterior total facial height in both sexes were very stable in spite of the age increase. 6. The percentage of total facial height to standing height was reduced by the age increase, and the reduced rate of anterior total facial height(males $13.26\%$, females $13.75\%$) was larger than the posterior total facial height(males $9.95\%$, females $11.70\%$). 7. The correlations of lateral facial surfaces to the standing height and the weight were higher in males than females, but the level of correlation in males was in the moderate range.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.36 no.8
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• pp.871-875
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• 1999

Theoretical equation to calculate thermal fatigue life was derived in which slow crack growth theory was adopted. The equation is function of crack growth exponent n. Cyclic thermal fatigue tests were performed at temperature difference of 175, 187 and 200$^{\circ}C$ respectively. At each temperature difference critical thermal fatigue life cycles of the alumina ceramics were 180,37 and 7 cycles. And theoretical thermal fatigue life cycles were calculated as 172, 35 and 7 cycles at the same temperature difference conditions. Therefore thermal fatigue behavior of alumina ceramics can be represented by derived equation. Also theoretical single cycle critical thermal shock temperature difference can be calculated by this equation and the result was consistent with the experimental result well.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.783-792
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• 1993

This study examined the difference in growth rate between Korean breast-fed(BF) and formula-fed(FF) infants(n=31) at 1, 2 and 3 months postpartum. The results indicated that the growth rate was comparable between groups, but that of the BF infants tended to be slow during the first three months. The intakes of energy, protein and lipid except lactose of the FF infants were greater than those of the BF infants, however the difference in growth rate did not correlate to these variables. But these results suggest that the availability of nutrients might be different between the BF infants and the FF infants.

• The Korean Journal of Ceramics
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.53-57
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• 2000

It was observed that the growth rates are different each other in the opposite direction along c-axis due to the crystal polarity. In according to the calculation based on diffusional equations with consideration of the electrical polarization and the surface charge, the difference of growth rates could be explained. Some experiments were compared with this kinetic explanation.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.473-481
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• 2021

In this paper, we investigate the relations between the growth of meromorphic coefficients and that of meromorphic solutions of complex linear differential-difference equations with meromorphic coefficients of finite logarithmic order. Our results can be viewed as the generalization for both the cases of complex linear differential equations and complex linear difference equations.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2017

Purpose: This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal dimensions of individuals with skeletal class II, division 1 and division 2 patterns during the pre-peak, peak, and post-peak growth periods for comparison with a skeletal class I control group. Materials and Methods: Totally 124 lateral cephalograms (47 for skeletal class I; 45 for skeletal class II, division 1; and 32 for skeletal class II, division 2) in pre-peak, peak, and post-peak growth periods were selected from the department archives. Thirteen landmarks, 4 angular and 4 linear measurements, and 4 proportional calculations were obtained. The ANOVA and Duncan test were applied to compare the differences among the study groups during the growth periods. Results: Statistically significant differences were found between the skeletal class II, division 2 group and other groups for the gonion-gnathion/sella-nasion angle. The sella-nasion-B-point angle was different among the groups, while the A-point-nasion-B-point angle was significantly different for all 3 groups. The nasopharyngeal airway space showed a statistically significant difference among the groups throughout the growth periods. The interaction among the growth periods and study groups was statistically significant regarding the upper oropharyngeal airway space measurement. The lower oropharyngeal airway space measurement showed a statistically significant difference among the groups, with the smallest dimension observed in the skeletal class II, division 2 group. Conclusion: The naso-oropharyngeal airway dimensions showed a statistically significant difference among the class II, division 1; class II, division 2; and class I groups during different growth periods.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.35-42
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• 2019

Fish shows great difference in growth rate between individuals during larval development and early growth. This difference seriously reduces the production efficiency in fish culture. Growth hormone (GH)/Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) system is said to play some pivotal roles in fish growth. In this study, we investigated differences of GH, IGF1 and GHR gene expressions in juvenile red spotted grouper (Epinephelus akaara) with different growth performance. Red spotted groupers were reared under the same environmental condition (water temperature $24{\pm}1^{\circ}C$, natural light) for 96 days after hatching. They were divided into 3 groups by size (fast growing, middle growing and slow growing groups: FGG, MGG, and SGG, respectively). RNA was extracted from the brain, liver and muscle tissues from each group, and target gene expression was examined by real-time PCR. In the brain with pituitary gland, expression of GH gene in FGG was significantly higher than the expression in SGG, but the expression of IGF1 and GHR genes in the muscle was highest in SGG. Difference of GHR and IGF1 mRNA in the liver between groups with different growth performance was less clear than that in other tissues, although level of IGF1 mRNA was higher in SGG than in MGG. These results suggest that hormonal governing of growth is not the same in fast growing and slow growing fish, and size grading could cause a shift of hormonal state and growth pattern in this species.