• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.85-91
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• 2024

To realize stable use of ground treated with cementitious materials, the curing process must be evaluated. In this study, a time domain reflectometry (TDR) measurement system was employed to evaluate the curing process of cementitious grout based on the electromagnetic property. A coated probe was manufactured to prevent electrical connection between the electrodes by the electrically conductive cementitious grout, and a calibration process was performed to estimate the actual relative permittivity using the coated probe. To assess the curing process of cementitious grout using the TDR measurement system, cementitious grout with added retarder was prepared with a water-to-cement ratio of 45%. A preliminary measurement was conducted immediately after pouring the cementitious grout into the mold to test the applicability of the coated probe, and TDR signals and relative permittivity were measured at 3~288 hours of curing time. The experimental results demonstrate that the relative permittivity of the cementitious grout immediately after pouring was greater than 100, decreased rapidly over time, and converged to approximately 13.8 at 144 hours, which is considered the fully cured time. This findings of this study demonstrate that the TDR measurement system with a coated probe is applicable to electrically conductive materials. In addition, the TDR measurement system can be used effectively to monitor the curing process of cementitious grout based on electromagnetic properties.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.155-160
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• 2015

The annual average of energy sources is continuously increasing at a rate of 5.8%, and particularly, the power generation proportion of new/renewable energy is increasing significantly. Furthermore, South Korea has established a national energy master plan for 2008-2030 and is aiming at obtaining approximately 11% of total energy production from the wind turbine sector. Although offshore wind turbines are similar to wind turbines installed on land, they require materials with excellent dynamic properties and durability to prevent damage due to seawater at the lower parts and connecting parts. The lower parts of wind turbines are submerged in seawater, and the upper and lower parts are connected by filling the connecting part with grout. This paper describes the test results of the process of determining the mix ratios to develop ultra-high grout for offshore wind turbines. There is virtually no relevant technology regarding grout for offshore wind turbines in South Korea that can be referenced for the process of determining the mix ratios. Therefore, tests were conducted for determining compression strength, elastic modulus, flexural strength, density, constructability (floor test), and early strength by referencing a high-performance grout produced in South Korea, and the mixing process for achieving the goal strengths was described using the Korean Industrial Standards (KS) as the reference.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2000.03b
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• pp.199-206
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• 2000

The grout-effect evaluation of the ground reinforcement technique, which has been widely applied to civil engineering and construction fields, is not established for the guidelines of choosing the efficient evaluation method, and in fact the experts have little effort to determine the reinforcement effect quantitatively. The evaluation of the grout was carried out by experiments on core specimen and drilling, which is impossible to evaluate grout-reinforcement effect quantitatively. This paper presents an example on verification of FRP grout-effect using geophysical prospecting on ground surface, which is 2D resistivity survey that easily visualize survey results with color graphics and seismic refraction method that interprets the subsurface seismic velocity structure.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.579-582
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• 2009

The thermal conductivity and viscosity(or workability) of graphite-added bentonite grouts and cementitious grouts have been evaluated and compared to determine the suitability of these materials for backfilling vertical boreholes of ground heat exchangers. Seven bentonite grouts from different product sources and a portland cement grout with various mixture ratios were considered in this paper. As a new additive for grout, we choose graphite which has high thermal conductivity. The bentonite grouts indicate that the thermal conductivity and viscosity increase with the content of bentonite or with an addition of Graphite compared with that of silica sand. In case of cementitious grout also increase the thermal conductivity and decrease the workability dramatically though an addition of Graphite. Therefore, we cautiously select the amount of graphite and mixture ratio of bentonite and cement considering not only thermal conductivity but also viscosity for the optimum condition of backfilling material.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2008.03a
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• pp.1240-1249
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• 2008

Jacket anchor was developed to increase the pullout resistance of general ground anchor in soft ground, and the mechanism of pullout resistance of jacket anchor was analyzed. Also, the ultimate bond stress of jacket anchor was estimated by ultimate resistance which is determined by field tests. Grout milk was injected into the jacket to make grout bulb of jacket anchor. The formation of grout bulb of jacket anchor increases the diameter of grout bulb, ground strength and confining pressure between anchor grout and soil. From the twelve field test results, it was observed that the pullout resistance of jacket anchor is 15.38~295.02%(average 83.53%) greater than that of general ground anchor, and plastic deformation of jacket anchor is 20.78~1,496.45%(average 288.78%) smaller than that of general ground anchor at the same load cycle. Especially, it was investigated that the increase of ultimate resistance over 200% and the reduction of plastic deformation over 600% was obtained in gravel layer. It means that the jacket anchor is superior to the general ground anchor in gravel layer. Finally, the ultimate bond stress was proposed to design jacket anchor.

• Advances in nano research
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.13-28
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• 2022

The pumpability of the grouts is significant issue in concept of the rheological and workability properties during penetrating to voids and cracks. To improve the fluidity features of the grout mixes, the usage of Colloidal Nano Particular Powders (CNPPs) with mineral additives such as fly ash (FA) can contribute. Therefore, the main purpose of this study can be explained as investigating the usage effects of four types of Colloidal Nano Particular Powders (n-TiO₂, n-ZnO, n-Al₂O₃ and n-SiO₂) as nano additives on the rheological, workability and bleeding properties of cement-based grout incorporated with fly as. Test results showed that the usage of FA in the grout samples positively contribute to increase on the fluidity of the grout samples as expected. The dilatant behavior was observed from the results for all mixes. Observing the effect of nano-sized additives in such cement-based grout mixtures with high fluidity has presented remarkable effects in this study.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.191-192
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• 2023

In recent years, the use of high-strength grout has gained popularity in offshore wind power generation complexes for facility foundations and bridges. These marine wind farms require support for horizontal loads from wind and waves. To ensure the strength of the grout produced in environments similar to the actual placing site, this study investigated the curing of high-strength grout discharged through pump pressure in various environments, and examined the difference in strength according to different variables. Compressive strength measurements revealed that the core specimen collected from the bottom (3cm) and uppermost (50cm) of the specimen exhibited lower strength compared to other height specimens, while the core specimen obtained from the corner exhibited lower strength compared to the center. These findings suggest that the strength difference between the center and the corner is more pronounced when curing at low temperatures. This effect is greater than the strength reduction that typically occurs during low-temperature curing, and thus, necessitates careful attention in similar construction environments.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 1993.10a
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• pp.51-56
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• 1993

This paper presents the FEM anlysis results performed to assess the applicability of Horizontal Jet Grout Roofing, and of ground improvement methods for tunneling in soft ground. Horizontal Jet Grount Roofing Method is applicable to ensure the stability of tunnel face in non-cemeted alluvial strata under high ground water pressure. For applying this method, to ensure the reliability, the Horizontel Jet Grout Roofing should be double lined with pre-grouting to reduce the water inflow during the jet grouting.

• Proceedings of the KSEEG Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.265-268
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• 2003

댐(dam)의 기초지반에 시공되는 그라우트 커텐(grout curtain)은 댐 축조 후 기초지반을 통한 침투류를 차단하기 위하여 시행되며, 콘크리트 댐, 흙 댐, 사력 댐 등의 공학적 차이에 따라서 그 시공 위치 및 심도, 폭 등이 다르게 적용된다. 그라우트 커텐(grout curtain)의 설계ㆍ시공 요소는 기초지반의 투수성, 댐 내의 수심, 제체 성토재료의 투수성, 그라우트 커텐의 투수성 등에 의하여 결정되며, 설계 시공 요소들은 그라우팅 커텐의 길이, 폭, 투수도 등이다. (중략)

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.97-104
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• 2005

A one-dimensional heat transfer model for the vertical borehole system is derived in this study to predict the thermal behavior of the system and surrounding soil. In this model the U-tube is replaced with one effective tube of effective diameter which is surrounded by concentric grout region. All thermal resistances of borehole are counted in the grout region with effective thermal conductivity of grout. Effective thermal conductivity of grout and sand are calculated through parameter estimation. The validity of this model is accomplished through comparison of the predicted temperature profiles of the model with experimental data.