• ETRI Journal
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.523-526
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• 2003

This letter presents an approximation of the outage probability of the pilot channel that can be used for CDMA cell planning. The approximation can determine system parameters for soft handover in IS-95-based cellular CDMA downlink design. Computer simulations show that our analytical results agree with empirical results.

• Korean Management Science Review
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.189-196
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• 2002

Data clustering is often one of the first steps in data mining analysis. It Identifies groups of related objects that can be used as a starling point for exploring further relationships. This technique supports the development of population segmentation models, such as demographic-based customer segmentation. This paper Purpose to present the development of two phase hierarchical clustering algorithm for group formation. Applications of the algorithm for product-customer group formation in customer relationahip management are also discussed. As a result of computer simulations, suggested algorithm outperforms single link method and k-means clustering.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.41-52
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this research was to compare the effects of Danjeon Breathing exercise and walking exercise on blood lipids, physical symptoms and hemoglobin of middle-aged women to determine which of these two exercises was more beneficial. Methods: The Danjeon breathing exercise group(20) took health management counseling and performed an eighty-minute Danjeon breathing exercise three times a week for 12 weeks while the walking exercise group(25) took health management counseling and performed a walking exercise seven hours per week for 12 weeks. The control group(20) received only health management counseling. The groups were homogeneous on age, religion, marital status, education, profession, monthly income per household, menopause, smoking, drinking, fat intake and cholesterol intake. Likewise, the groups were homogeneous on total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol,atherogenic index, hemoglobin and physical symptoms. The collected data were analyzed by using the SPSS PC program and $x^2$-test, ANOVA, repeated measures of ANOVA and LSD. Results: 1. Total cholesterol of the Danjeon breathing exercise group and the walking exercise group were lower than that of the control group. 2. HDL- cholesterol of the Danjeon breathing exercise group and the walking exercise group were not higher than that of the control group. 3. Atherogenic index of the Danjeon breathing exercise group was lower than that of the control group, but atherogenic index of the walking exercise group was not lower than that of the control group. 4. Hemoglobin of the Danjeon breathing exercise group and the walking exercise group were not higher than that of the control group. 5. Physical symptom score of the Danjeon breathing exercise group was lower than those of the walking exercise group and the control group, but Physical symptom score of the walking exercise group was not lower than that of the control group. Conclusion: Danjeon breathing exercise and walking exercise are effective for decreasing total cholesterol of middle-aged women. Danjeon breathing exercise is more effective for decreasing atherogenic index and physical symptoms of middle-aged women than walking exercise.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.30 no.11 s.158
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• pp.1538-1549
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was 1) to identify gender differences in appearance management behavior and influencing variables(media involvement, body satisfaction and self-esteem), 2) the effects of influencing variables on appearance management behavior, and 3) to analyze the relationships among influencing variables. The data were collected ken 458 fifth and sixth grade girls and boys of five elementary schools ill Seoul, Korea via self-administered questionnaires, and were analyzed by factor analysis, t-test, and multiple regression analysis. The results of this study were as follows: Regarding the gender differences in research variables, preteen girls showed more interest in clothing/hair style management, weight management, TV involvement and celebrity imitation than preteen boys. Girls showed lower level of satisfaction than boys. Multiple regression analyses were conducted to identify the effects of media involvement, body satisfaction and self-esteem on appearance management behavior. For boy group, clothing/hair style interest was influenced by celebrity imitation, and weight management by TV involvement, body satisfaction and school self-esteem, and height management by celebrity management and school self-esteem. For girl group, clothing/hair style management was influenced by celebrity imitation and general self-esteem, and weight management by body satisfaction, general self-esteem, celebrity imitation and TV involvement, and height management by school self-esteem, TV involvement, time spent watching TV and general self-esteem. From the results of analyzing relationships among influencing variables, it was found that media involvement influenced self-esteem; TV involvement and celebrity imitation influenced school self-esteem; body satisfaction had the effect on all three sub dimensions of self-esteem in boy group. For female group, TV involvement had the effect on body satisfaction, and celebrity imitation on general self-esteem, the family self-esteem and school self-esteem, and body satisfaction on all three sub dimensions of self-esteem.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.1-12
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• 2013

Illegal software use have been abroad through online (internet) and offline (CD, DVD, USB, etc.). It infringes intellectual property rights and weakens the will to software development. Also, it generates the software errors and virus intrusion in PC. It hinders national software industry and induces the personal and national trade friction. Many group (company, office, organization, institution, etc.) have been realized the prohibition of illegal software use. But, it is too hard to monitor and control illegal software use. In this paper, we propose a method of software management in a group. A software module of client agency is installed in all PC of the group. A main server of the software management controls the all of the PC through the communication. The server blocks the install of illegal software, permits the install / use of honest goods software, monitors the license (term, amount) in all the PC. The system prevents errors of illegal software use, all cuts the virus intrude through the illegal software, improves the performance of PC relatively.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.847-852
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• 2013

The aim of this study was to investigate the difference of electrodermal activity between the hypertensive and non-hypertensive subjects. A total 161 subjects who visited a hospital for health check ups from August 2011 through November 2011 and from September 2012 through November 2012 were included in this study. We divided the subjects into two groups by blood pressure, hypertension group(81 patients) and non-hypertension group(180 subject). Then we compared electrodermal activity between two groups by using the autonomic bioelectric response device model CP-6000A. The data was analyzed by independent t-test and logistic regression. In this study, there was a significant difference in electrodermal activity(the mean absolute value of positive, negative pulse conductivity) between hypertensive and normotensive group in t-test and electrodermal activity showed the significant influence on the prevalence risk of hypertension with age, body mass index and dyslipidema in binominal logistic regression. In conclusion, hypertensive patients had high level of electrodermal activity compared with normotensive subjects and this finding suggests that electrodermal activity which is explained excess tendency in Korean traditional medicine could be used for diagnosis in hypertension patients at Korean traditional medical clinic.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.57 no.9
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• pp.97-109
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• 2007

This study is to examine the relation between self-consciousness and appearance management behavior; to grasp the appearance management behavior depending on self-consciousness which older women feel personally; to understand their needs more deeply; and to give support in planning and conducting marketing strategies effectively in the beauty and fashion market. The subjects of this study were aged women ranging 55 to 69 in age, living in Daegu and Geongsangbukdo. 500 questionnaires were distributed and 397 questionnaires out of 440 returned were used in the data analysis. The results through statistic analyses are following: 1. Among older women, the higher social self-consciousness group appeared to pursue six types of appearance management behavior(i.e., weight body-shape care, skin care, cosmetic behavior, hair care, cosmetic surgery, and clothing behavior) much more than the lower social self-consciousness group. 2. Compared with the lower private self-consciousness group, the higher private self-consciousness group appeared to care for not only weight body-shape care but also skin care, cosmetic care, and cosmetic surgery, clothing behavior with more interest in ordinary times. In terms of hair care, though, there was no significant difference between the higher private self-consciousness group and the lower private self-consciousness group. 3. There was no statistically significant difference between the higher social anxiety group and the lower social anxiety group in weight body-shape care, skin care, cosmetic behavior, hair care, cosmetic surgery, and clothing behavior.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.533-543
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was conducted to develop and test the effects of a motivational interviewing self-management program for use with elderly patients with diabetes mellitus. Methods: A non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used. The participants were 42 elderly diabetic patients (experimental group: 21, control group: 21). The motivational interviewing self-management program for elders with diabetes mellitus developed in this study consisted of a 12-week program in total (8 weeks for group motivational interviewing and education and 4 weeks for individual motivational interviewing on the phone). Data were collected between February 13 and May 3, 2013 and were analyzed using t-test, paired t-test, and repeated measure ANOVA with SPSS/WIN 18.0. Results: For the experimental group, significant improvement was found for self-efficacy, self-care behavior, glycemic control and quality of life (daily life satisfaction, influence of disease) as compared to the control group. Conclusion: The study findings indicate that the motivational interviewing self-management program is effective and can be recommended as a nursing intervention for elderly patients with diabetes mellitus.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.9
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• pp.3495-3501
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• 2010

Because the application simultaneously to transmit large amounts of data (Video conferencing, Internet broadcasting, Online games etc.) to multiple users increases, the importance and utilization of group communication was greater. So the security was recognized as a important issue. To provide security in multicast environment, A study of single group management server using protocol based on Key Tree Scheme was proposed. But the paper proposes secure group key management scheme to be a relatively low-overhead. Therefore proposed paper is demonstrated to be excellent by comparing the effectiveness of existing and proposed group key management scheme.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.42 no.7
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• pp.1070-1078
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a face-to-face self-management educational program on knowledge, self-care practice and kidney function in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) before kidney replacement therapy. Methods: This study employed a nonequivalent control group, non-synchronized design. Data were collected from 61 patients with CKD visiting an outpatient department of nephrology in a university hospital in Seoul, South Korea. The experimental group (n=31) took the pre-test, then after 3 weeks, face-to-face education and individualized consultation (1st intervention), after a week of self-practice, the 1st post-test, followed by re-enforcement education and consultation (2nd intervention), and 4 weeks later, the 2nd post-test. The control group (n=30) took the pre-test and post-tests at 4 and 8 weeks. Results: Scores for knowledge of CKD and self-care practice over time improved significantly in the experimental group compared to the control group. Kidney function did not improve significantly in the experimental group. Conclusion: Health care providers can identify various and individualized needs, and provide effective education and consultation through face to face self-management for patients with chronic irreversible illnesses. Nurses can coordinate for these program by designing and providing systematic and effective education.