• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권15호
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• pp.6273-6278
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• 2015

Objective: This study assessed the association between subjective body image or objective body mass index (BMI) and the risk of daily smoking in Korean adolescents, with a purpose of identifying the most suitable models. Materials and Methods: Using the 2013 9th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey data for 72,435 students, odds ratios were calculated for daily smoking in the past month, according to the subjective body image and calculated BMI using a respective multiple logistic regression model. The combined effect of these two factors was also analyzed by pairing a BMI category with a subjective body image category, using odds ratios for the same event within each sex group. Results: Among the surveyed students, 7.2% of boys and 1.8% of girls were classified as daily smokers. Students who perceived themselves as being very obese tended to be at lower risk of daily smoking (OR=0.61 in boys with 95% CI=0.47 to 0.79; OR=0.66 in women with 95% CI=0.47 to 0.93). In addition, boys within the obese or overweight BMI category showed a lower risk of daily smoking (OR=0.86, 95% CI: 0.77-0.96). Lean BMI was significantly associated with higher odds ratios for daily smoking only in female students (OR=1.24, 95% CI: 1.02-1.52). When pairing these two objective and subjective factors, results suggested that subjective body image has a greater effect on daily smoking than BMI in both boys and girls. Conclusions: In both male and female students, subjective body image had a greater effect on daily smoking than body mass index. A model using the combination of BMI and subjective body image was the best fit in girls, in contrast to the model using subjective body image only best suitable in boys, for the prediction of daily smoking. These results including several factors associated with daily smoking in Korean students, provide useful data for the development and implementation of smoking intervention and cessation programs for adolescents.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.375-381
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• 2017

2002~2013년도 국민건강보험공단 표본 코호트자료를 활용하여 만 40세 이상 치주질환 환자를 대상으로 CVD 누적 치료 경험률 및 개인의 소득과 지역의 CDI의 차이에 따른 치료 경험률을 파악한 본 연구의 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 치주질환이 있는 대상자에서 고혈압은 34.3%, 뇌졸중은 12.6%의 누적 치료 경험률이 확인되었다. 둘째, 치주질환이 있는 대상자에서 지역적 차이(CDI)에 따른 고혈압의 치료 경험률의 차이는, CDI가 높은 집단이 낮은 집단에 비해 치료 경험률이 높은 것으로 나타났다(p<0.001). 셋째, 치주질환이 있는 대상자에서 소득분위에 따른 고혈압 치료 경험률의 차이는, 소득분위가 낮은 집단에서 치료 경험률이 높은 것으로 확인되었다(p<0.001). 넷째, 치주질환이 있는 대상자에서 지역적 차이(CDI)에 따른 뇌졸중 치료 경험률의 차이는, CDI가 높을수록 뇌졸중 치료 경험률이 높은 것으로 나타났다(p<0.001). 다섯째, 치주질환이 있는 대상자에서 소득분위에 따른 뇌졸중 치료 경험률의 차이는, 소득분위가 높아질수록 뇌졸중의 치료 경험률이 낮은 것으로 조사되었다(p<0.001). CVD와 치주질환의 관계에 지역의 CDI와 개인의 소득은 역의 관계를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 향후 국민의 구강 및 보건의료 소비에 있어 사회경제적, 지역간 격차 해소에 대한 정책적 대안으로, 사회경제적 취약계층에 대한 보건의료서비스 제공으로 보건의료에 대한 접근성 개선과, 공공의료기관의 확충으로 보건의료서비스의 지리적 접근성 취약지를 해결하고 동시에 보건의료서비스의 이용 가능성을 높이는 등 다각적 노력을 기울여야 할 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제67권4호
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• pp.127-152
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• 2015

본 연구의 목적은 지역아동센터 종사자의 아동 대상 실천역량 향상 프로그램을 실행하고 그 영향을 평가하는 것이다. 이를 위하여 프로그램은 지역아동센터 종사자 10명을 대상으로 매 120분간 주1회로 5주간 실행되었다. 양적 평가를 위하여 유사실험설계의 비동일 비교집단 설계가 사용되었으며, 질적 평가를 위하여 프로그램관련 기록물 등을 통해 자료를 수집하고 분석하였다. 그 결과, 양적 평가에서는 본 프로그램에 참여한 지역아동센터 종사자의 사회복지실천기술 숙련도와 클라이언트관계변화 임파워먼트가 유의미하게 향상된 것으로 나타났다. 질적 평가에서는 종사자의 실천역량 향상, 아동의 변화에 대한 인식, 프로그램의 강점 및 보완점 인식이라는 주관적 경험이 나타났다. 본 연구결과는 아동을 대상으로 하는 대표적인 서비스전달체계인 지역아동센터의 종사자 실천역량을 향상시킴으로써, 지역아동센터 종사자의 실천에 있어 전문성과 효과성을 제고하고 궁극적으로 아동의 건강한 발달 및 정신건강 증진에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.691-707
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• 2015

이 연구는 생명과학교사들의 진화개념 향상을 위한 논변활동 프로그램을 개발하고 이를 교사교육에 적용하여 진화개념에 대한 논변활동 특성을 분석함으로써 효과를 알아보고자 하는 것이었다. 이를 위해 먼저 진화를 이해하는데 필요한 주요 개념들을 문헌 조사를 통해 추출하여 '변이', '변이의 유전', '경쟁', '자연선택과 적응', '차등적 생식력', '개체군 내 개체분포의 변화', '대진화'를 주요개념으로 선정하였고, 각각의 개념에 대한 논변활동 질문지를 개발하였다. ADI모형을 변형한 7단계로 이루어진 순환적 논변활동 학습모형도 개발하였다. 총 7회에 대학원 교과교육 수업에 적용하였다. 현직 생명과학교사 4명과 예비 생명과학교사 2명을 대상으로 남, 여 3명씩 두 개의 소집단으로 구성하여 논변활동을 진행하였다. 프로그램이 진행되는 동안 녹음을 통한 담화와 논변글쓰기의 자료를 수집하여 분석하였다. 논변글쓰기는 '설명의 충분성', '설명의 개념적 수준', '증거의 수준', '정당화의 적절성'의 4가지 범주를 기준으로 논변의 질 수준을 분석하여 사전사후에 진화개념의 변화 정도를 확인하였고, 담화분석을 통해 진화주요개념에 대한 논변활동 특성을 분석하였다. 논변글쓰기와 담화를 분석한 결과 개발된 논변활동 모형과 프로그램은 생명과학교사들의 진화개념 이해 향상에 효과적이었다. 이 연구는 논변활동을 통한 교수학습 전략이 생명과학교사교육을 위한 효과적인 진화개념학습 전략이될 수 있음을 보여주었다.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.267-277
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to help the women with stress urinary incontinence lead more comfortable life, by letting them to do pelvic muscle exercise and to learn by direct experience the effect that urinary incontinence is controlled. The research design was a one-group pretest-posttest design. The subjects were 16 middle-aged women(over 38) with stress urinary incontinence. The study was conducted from August 1, to October 11, 1999. Women trained themselves for muscular strength and endurance, every the other day for each exercise for six weeks at home(that means each exercise for more than three days a week) in the pelvic muscle exercise program which was developed by Dougherty et al., and filled out exercise participation card every week. They visited laboratory once a week to get visual feedback, by means of Perineometer, of how the pelvic muscle exercise was going on. Stress Urinary Incontinence Scale that Lee, Young-Sook revised and supplemented Hendrickson's original scale was used for measuring the frequency and situation scores of urinary incontinence, "30 minute pad test" was carried out for measuring the amount of urinary incontinence, and Perineometer was used for measuring maximum vaginal contraction pressure. Percentage, mean, standard deviation and Wilcoxon signed ranks test were used for data analysis by means of SPSS/PC+ WIN 9.0 program. The results were summarized as follows : The hypothesis 1 that after carrying out pelvic muscle exercise program on women with stress urinary incontinence, the weekly degree of urinary incontinence would reduce compared to before the exercise was supported. The hypothesis 1-1 that after carrying out pelvic muscle exercise program on women with stress urinary incontinence, the weekly frequency of urinary incontinence would reduce compared to before the exercise was supported (p=.003). The hypothesis 1-2 that after carrying out pelvic muscle exercise program on women with stress urinary incontinence, the situation scores of urinary incontinence would reduce compared to before the exercise was supported(p=.044). The hypothesis 2 that after carrying out pelvic muscle exercise program on women with stress urinary incontinence, the amount of urinary incontinence would reduce compared to before the exercise was supported(p=.001). The hypothesis 3 that after carrying out pelvic muscle exercise program on women with stress urinary incontinence, the maximum vaginal contraction pressure would increase compared to before the exercise was supported (p=.012). These results suggest that pelvic muscle exercise program has an effect on women with stress urinary incontinence in the degree and amount of urinary incontinence and maximum vaginal contraction pressure. So it is judged that training women with stress urinary incontinence for pelvic muscle exercise is an effective nursing intervention strategy in order to care urinary incontinence.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권13호
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• pp.5385-5388
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• 2015

Background: Gastric cancer is the most common gastrointestinal cancer and a leading cause of cancer mortality in Nepal. Survival of gastric cancer patients depends on the stage at which diagnosis is made. The aim of this study was to analyze the presentation and outcomes of gastric cancer patients treated at a tertiary care hospital in Nepal. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis of 140 consecutive histologically proven gastric adenocarcinoma cases managed at the Department of Surgery, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal for the period of January 2009 to December 2013 was carried out. Results: One hundred forty out of the total 186 patients with histologically proven gastric adenocarcinoma, were admitted for surgery. The mean age was $59.6{\pm}12.4yrs$ (range 29 to 78 yrs) and the male: female ratio was 2:1. Sixty three (45%) patients featured Tibeto-Burman descent though this ethnic group accounts for only 18% of the Nepalese population. Two-thirds or more patients presented with abdominal pain, anorexia, weight loss and/or vomiting. In 86 (61.5%) of the patients the tumor was located in the lower $3^{rd}$ of the stomach and in only 15% of the patients the tumor was located at the upper $3^{rd}$. Early gastric cancer was diagnosed postoperatively in only 4%. In 54%, the disease was locally advanced and metastatic lesions were found in 14% of the patients. Subtotal (73) or total (11) curative gastrectomies (D1, D1+ or D2) were performed in 84 (60%) patients with average lymph node retrieval of $16.6{\pm}8.2$. Palliative gastrectomies or procedures were performed in 23% of the patients and no intervention (open & close/biopsy) was employed in 15% of the patients. Perioperative morbidity was seen in 10% and mortality in 4%. Three, four and five year survival rates up to the recent follow-up were 17.9%, 11.9% and 8.3%, respectively. Conclusions: Gastric cancer in Nepal is usually diagnosed at an advanced stage and has a poor prognosis. Thus, early detection is the key to improve the survival of gastric cancer patients.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.5-27
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• 1995

One of the important tasks for new parents, especially mothers, is to establish warm, mutually affirming interpersonal relationships with the new baby in the family, with the purpose of promoting the health development of the child and the well-being of the whole family. Nurses assess the quality of the behavioral characteristics of the maternal-infant interaction. The purpose of this longitudinal descriptive correlational study is to investigate the changes of the mother - infant interactions from postpartum 1 day to postpartum 8weeks of the transition to parenthood. The aim was to contribute to the development of theoretical under standing on which to base care toward promoting the quality of maternal - infant interaction. Data were collect ed directly by the investigator and at rained from Jul, 1, 1990 to Jun 8, 1991, Subjects were a random sample of 44 mothers, 44 who had a normal delivery (but with out other perinatal complications) at four general hospitals in Seoul. Instruments used were the Stainton Parent-infant Interaction Scale (1981). The first observations were made in the delivery room, followed by day 1, day 2, day 3 and 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 6 weeks and 8 weeks after, birth, for a total of 8 contacts. Observations in the hospital were made during the hour prior to scheduled feedings. The infant was placed beside the mother. Later contacts were made at home. Data analysis was don by computer using as SPSS program and included, Paired t-test, t-test and Pearson Correlation coefficient ; the results were as follows. 1. The daily maternal-infant interaction score for the initial contact ofter birth to 8 weeks postpartum had the lowest average score 5.21 and the highest 8.02(in a range of 0-10). This subject group of mothers needed Extra nursing supporting to promote their maternal-infant interaction. 2. The daily scores for the maternal-infant interaction tended to rise, showing a gradual improvement over the period of eight weeks. However, there were significantly different increases in maternal-infant interaction only from the first to second day (p=0.000) and from the fourth to sixth weeks ofter birth.(p=0.000) 3. When the seven items of maternal-infant interaction were evaluated items of maternal-infant inter action were evaluated separately, "Care taking for the baby" had the highest average score, 1.60(in a range of 0-2) and "Speaks to baby" the lowest, 0.8. All items, suggested the subjects' need of nursing intervention to promote maternal-infant interaction 4. There were positive correlations between certain general characteristics, namely, both a higher economic status (p=0.027) and breast feeding (p=0.021) and maternal-infant interaction.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.3131-3137
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• 2013

Background: Visual inspection of cervix with acetic acid (VIA) is offered at 252 centers in 64 districts of Bangladesh. VIA+ve women are managed at colposcopy clinics of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) and 14 Medical College Hospitals (MCHs). This research work has been supported by 'UICC Cancer Prevention Campaign' programme. Objectives: This study explored the role of print materials and electronic media to improve cervical cancer screening in the present socio-cultural context of Bangladesh. Methods: This study was performed from January to August 2011 at two upazilas of Bangladesh (Singair with screening facility and Sonargaon without screening facility). Data were collected by focus group discussion (FGD) with women, husbands and community people before and after intervention. Information on cervical cancer screening and VIA camps was disseminated using advertisement through local cable line of the television, microphone announcement, service providers and leaflet throughout the week prior to a VIA camp. Three-day VIA camps were organized at the upazila health complex (UHC) of both upazilas. Quantitative data was gathered from women at the camps on source of information on VIA and the best method of awareness creation. Results: The population was aware of "cancer" and a notable number knew about cervical cancer. Baseline awareness on prevention and VIA was low and it was negligible where screening services were unavailable. Awareness was increased fourfold in both upazilas after interventions and half of the women and the majority of the community people became aware of screening and available facilities. Cable line advertisement (25.5%), microphone announcement (21.4%), and discussion sessions (20.4%) were effective for awareness creation on VIA. Television was mentioned as the best method (37.4%) of awareness creation. Conclusion: Television should be used for nation-wide awareness creation. For local awareness creation, cable line advertisement, microphone announcements and health education at Uthan Baithaks/ EPI sessions can easily be adopted by the government.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.741-757
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• 2000

This study was undertaken to develop an instrument to be used for measuring the concept of quality of life of Korean patients with cancer multidimensionary and correctly. It can contribute in holistic nursing care for Korean cancer patients and also provide and validate basic data to help oncology nurses measure the outcome of nursing intervention correctly. To develop this instrument, the researchers first estabilished a conceptual framework based on the results of qualitative data analysis and indepth interview method Development of the scale was conducted using a method in which 31 items were assessed by subjects' self report using linear analogue scales. The subjects were 79 D.M. patients, 103 patients with acute illness, and 91 cancer patients residing in Busan, Korea. Data were collected during the period from July, 24 to August 14, 2000. This instrument consisted of 31 items with a self report scale. This instrument covered 4 dimensions of cancer patients : 1) physical wellbeing 2) psychological wellbeing 3) social wellbeing and 4)spiritual wellbeing. Each item had a possible score of 10. The reliability of the scale was tested with Cronbach's alpha. Validity was evaluated by examining the relationships of this scale, Youn's Quality of Life Questionnare scores and the Simple Quality of Life scale. Two separate runs of multiple regression were used to predict scores on the Simple Quality of Life measurement. Further validation was obtained by examining the correlation between the instrument subscores and Youn's Quality of Life measurement subscore for convergence of this scale. Examination of the discriminant. power of the instrument was done using ANOVA test. The results are summarized as follows: 1. The reliability of the instrument for the quality of life was 0.8321(Cronbach's alpha.), physical wellbeing dimension 0.6343, psychological wellbeing dimension 0.6501, spiritual wellbeing dimension 0.5883. 2. This instrument had a high correlation with Youn's Quality of Life measurement(r= 0.636) in cancer patients, whereas it had a low correlation with Simple Quality of Life measurement(r=0.455) in cancer patients. In the D.M. patients, the instrument correlated with both the Youn's Quality of Life measurement and Simple Quality of life measurement(r=0.313, r= 0.407) and in the acute stage patients, the instrument had no correlation. 3. Multiple regression of individual items on the Simple Quality of Life scores accounted for 56.8% of the variance in the Simple Quality of Life measurement, whereas, Youn's Quality of Life measurement scores accounts for 31.7%. 4. The correlations collected from the three group had the same patterns of variations but especially the instrument developed in this study had higher disciminant power than that of Youn's Quality of Life Measurement.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.444-453
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to construct a grounded theory as the basis for nursing intervention by describing and analysing the holistic lived experiences of clients receiving long-term hemodialysis. The subjects of this study were fifteen persons receiving regular hemodialysis regimen at artificial kindey treatment centers in two different university hospitals, and who were able to participate in conversation and were available for long and dup interviews. Eight of the subjects were male and seven were female and their ages ranged from 30's to 60's. The length of the hemodialysis experience ranged from two months to six years. The collection and analysis of data were done in accordance with the grounded theory methodology of Strauss & Corbin. The method to collect the data mainly depended. on long and deep interviews, participant observation and focused group interviews and the equipment used to collect data were a portable tape recorder and field notes. The study is summarized as follows : 1. The meaning of holistic lived experiences of clients receiving long -term hemodialysis was found to be uncertainty. which was identified as the core category. 2. The main categories following the core category were found to be shock, ambiguity, social support and quality of life. 3. Through the main category the type of behavior newly formed by clients receiving long-term hemodialysis was found to be as follows. That is to say, in the circumstances of shock caused by the identified fact and the ambiguity of hemodilysis they formed a quality of life based on social support, which was found to be a kind of chaotic phenomenon. 4. The lived experiences of clients receiving long-tern hemodialysis was found to include nine categories : emotional shock, feelings of isolation, burden, unclearness, dependency, help from others, coping strategies, maintenance of self-esteem and transitional life. 5. The intervening factors influencing each category are as follows : 1) The factors influencing 'emetional shock' were found to be set age, the level of knowledge received in advance, locus of control, the period of struggle against the disease before hemodialysis and whether any serious illness existed. 2) The factors influencing 'feelings of isolation' were found to be religion and the length of the hemodialysis experience. 3) The factors influencing 'burden' were found to be sex, economic situation, employment status and the length of the hemodialysis experience. 4) The factors influencing 'unclearness' were found to be sex, age, religion. economic situation, the length of the hemodiaysis experience, whether they had had a transfusion and whether there were any complications. 5) The factors influencing 'help from others' were found to be religion. economic situation, past experiences and whether family members lived together. 6) The factors influencing 'coping strategies' were foung to be age, level of education, experiences of illness and locus of control. 7) The factors influeruing 'maintenance of self-esteem' were found to be the length of the hemodialysis experience and self-actualization. 8) The factors influencing 'transitional life' were found to be age, religion, economic situation, employment status. locus of control. past experiences and whether there was a plan for a kidney transplant.