• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.197-208
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the economic lives of single households with the age of 30 through less than 50. The economic life was examined in three aspects; income, assets, and consumption expenditures and patterns. One hundred sixty single households were surveyed, with questionnaires for 15days from April 1 to April 15 of 2002, and analyzed with descriptive statistics. The results were as follows: about 30.8% of total single households in the sample were in the income group of 1,500,000 thought less than 2,000,000 won. The size of income for the 30's was less than that for the 40's. Compared with male single households, female single households were more in both low and high levels of income. The saving rate tended more or less to be low. The more the age, the higher the saving rate. As for debt, the 40's single households, male single households, high school single households (compared to the 30's single households, female single households, university and graduate single households, respectively) were relatively higher. In general, the single households tended to have debts due to preparation for housing, credit over use. The assets tended to be managed by themselves. The economic preparation for the old life was done by banking system rather than insurance. The average monthly living costs was higher in the age of the 40's single than the age of the 30's single. The living costs of the female single households was higher or lower than those of the male single households. As for consumption patterns, there was the most in the expenditure allocation for food away from home, then for culture entertainmentㆍsocial life, and for clothing and shoes. As for the convenience of the consumption life in overall, there were more responses in moderation and inconvenience than in convenience.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.38 no.12
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• pp.177-188
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• 2000

This study was performed to investigate the awareness of an ecological city and its related variables and the willingness to move to an ecological city and its related variables. Data were collected through a questionnaire survey given to 491 residents in Mokpo, Kwangju and Muan in Chollanam Province. Awareness of the ecotogical city was medium level, half of the respondents were not aware of the ecological city. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to estimate the effects of the variables on the awareness of the ecological city. The most significant variable was environmental knowledge. Next, experience in environmental education and homeownership effected on the awareness of the ecological city. Those who knew about environmental pollution and environmental disruption had a self-reported higher degree of awareness of the ecological city. Those who had experience in environmental education as well as those who lived in their own house were more aware of the ecological city. Other variables were not statistically significant. Half of the respondents were willing to move to the ecological city. Seven variables were related with willingness to move to the ecological city. Those who knew about the environmental pollution and environmental disruption preferred to move to the ecological city. Those who lived in multi-housing had more of a willingness to move to the ecological city. People with a higher education as well as the younger group preferred to move to the ecological city. Those who were more aware of the ecological city and had more ecological-oriented values had more willingness to move to the ecological city. Salaried men and professionals were more willing to move to the ecological city than non-employed people. Among those variables environmental knowledge was the only influential variables on willingness to move to the city.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.145-158
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• 2017

Lately, rapid increase of household debt and economic change has affected cash flow of household, insolvent risk has increased by high repayment burden of the principal and interest. Previous researches was progressing various discussion, composed objective repayment burden index about household debt. But it was relatively insufficient about perception of consumer. This research compare and analysis determinants of subjective repayment burden in household debt by income quintile, using 2016 Household Financial Welfare Survey. The research result is follows. The income 1 and 2 quartile groups have the higher monthly rent and credit card loan and the housing preparation loan ratio, the higher burden on repayment of the principal and interest. The Income 3 and 4 quartile groups have the higher 60s or older and member of household and real estate mortgage loan, the higher burden on repayment of the principal and interest. The Income 5 quartile group has the higher loan ratio for debt repayment preparation, the higher burden on repayment of the principal and interest.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.214-223
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• 2015

This research aims to study agricultural dwelling welfare's application plan according to empty house reality condition. Study's subject was empty houses in Yeongwol-gul in year 2013. Data analysis was concentrated on measuring questionnaires and SPSSWIN 16.0 was used for statistics of frequency analysis and average analysis. As a result, first, empty house's background occurrence and environment was investigated. Second, due to dead mine and rural exodus, there was increase in the number of empty houses, which damaged regional scenary. Furthermore, the region became a crime-ridden district, which is a social issue. Third, it was found that plans as empty house remodeling, policy support, various alternatives, systematic management, housing welfare, and continuous promotion were needed. This research will provide implications in solving social issues due to empty houses, and through application plan, there will be improvement in agricultural dwelling welfare and income increase. There also will be improvement in environment, and policy source for inducing city people and original residents to empty houses.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.35-45
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to understand the characteristics and trends of active senior. As the baby boom generation become the age of the elderly, they are more active than senior. These seniors are called active seniors, a new consumer group. Many countries and companies are also interested in providing relevant policies and services, but there is lack of researches on active senior trends. This study collects the 8,740 posts related to active seniors on social media from January 1st, 2018 to June 31st, 2021, and conducted keyword frequency analysis, TF-IDF analysis and LDA topic modeling. Through LDA topic modeling, topics are classified into 10 categories: lifestyle, benefits, shopping, government business, government education, health, society and economy, care industry, silver housing, leisure. The results of this study can be utilized as fundamental data to help understand the academic and industrial aspects of active senior.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.33 no.12
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• pp.53-63
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to present an integrated analysis for energy use and its patterns as vertical locations of the dwelling units in apartment buildings which are located in an urban area and constructed by a renowned contractor. In order to enhance the effectiveness of the method, the original data of electricity, water, and gas bills which directly reflect the energy use are sorted and analyzed into several groups as vertical locations in each building. And also, by use of comparing and contrasting the data on a monthly and yearly basis, the accuracy of analyses for seasonal energy use and its patterns is strengthened. Comparative analyses used in this study describe the results that vertical locations of dwelling units do not have much influence on electricity and water usage, but are closely related with gas usage for a heating season. According to the analysis of gas usage, the units on the ground and right above pilotis need enhancement in the insulations for heating to mitigate energy loss. Also, the analysis for the middle floor units in each group describe the fact that the gas usage of the units on the ground is consumes 1.5 times greater than that of the typical floors. Therefore, enhanced insulation strategies need to be considered against the adverse condition that the heat loss increases as the wall facing the outside air increases or as the wind velocity increases through the pilotis.

• Journal of Family Relations
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.67-87
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• 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to critically review the recent discourse on single-person households (SPH) that appeared in Korean newspapers. Specifically, we analyzed articles in five major daily newspapers, which are representative of the media in Korean society, and examined the types of titles, subjects, and contents of articles in which SPH were mentioned. Method: For this purpose, 538 articles on SPH or "living alone" that appeared in the five major Korean newspapers during 2011-2017 were analyzed using content analysis methods. Results: Our analysis revealed eight major topics(living arrangement and household characteristics; financial instruments; food, clothing, and housing culture; policy; welfare; relationships; safety; values and attitudes). The results show that there is a surge of articles portraying neutral images of SPH in Korean newspapers, thereby emphasizing the recent growth in the number of SPH and the information relating to this population group. Although negative images of SPH continue to exist in the discourse, in recent times we found these attitudes to have become less prevalent compared to neutral images or even positive discourse. We also found that the discourse on these topics and arguments can be divided into four themes-the diversity of SPHs, the solo economy for single households, safety issues, and social relationships. Conclusions: Theoretical and policy implications on family studies relating to SPH are discussed.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.444-452
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• 2022

Objective: An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of different levels of crude protein (CP) and two rearing systems (cage and floor), on blood parameters and digestive and reproductive organ development of brown laying hens. Methods: A total of 400 Hisex Brown laying hens between 30 and 45 weeks of age were distributed in a completely randomized design and a 2×4 factorial arrangement, with main effects including two rearing systems (cage and floor) and levels of CP (140, 150, 160, and 180 g/kg), in a total of eight treatments and five replicates of 10 birds each with initial body weight of 1,877 g (laying hen in cage) and 1,866 g (laying hens in floor). The parameters evaluated were plasma total protein, albumin, uric acid, total cholesterol, relative weights of oviduct, abdominal fat, liver, gizzard, crest and dewlap, length of small intestine and oviduct. Results: The blood parameters were similar in birds reared in cage and floor systems. The birds reared on the floor showed greater small intestine and oviduct weight (%) and lower liver and pancreas weight (%). A significant interaction was observed between factors for the relative gizzard, crest and dewlap weight, serum protein, uric acid, and total cholesterol (p<0.05). The diets with 140 g/kg CP resulted in lower serum protein and lower cholesterol in birds reared in floor system, while birds reared in cage system showed no effect of CP on both parameters. Birds reared in cage and fed with 140 and 150 g/kg CP presented lower uric acid. The group of birds reared in floor system fed 180 g/kg had greater uric acid. Conclusion: The dietary protein level can be reduced up to 140 g/kg for Hisex Brown hens (30 to 45 weeks of age) without an important effect on metabolic profile and organ development in both rearing systems.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.305-331
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• 2011

This study analyzes the consumption patterns of the poor households. The first objective of this analysis is to show that the group living in poverty get not one consumption pattern but several types of consumption patterns. The second objective is to understand what factors effect the consumption patterns. This study use the data of Korea Welfare Panel Study in 2008 & 2009. In oder to achieve first goal, We conduct factor analysis and cluster analysis. And to achieve second goal, We conduct multinomial logistic Analysis. Major findings are as follows. First we find six patterns of consuming types of the poor households. They are education oriented consuming type, diet oriented type, social network oriented type, transportation-communication oriented type, health & medical oriented type, and housing expenditure oriented type. Second we find these consumption patterns are effected by not economic factors but socio-populational factors, especially by life cycle of members of household.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.253-260
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• 2024

Objective: The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the effects of once-a-day milk feeding on growth performance and routine behavior of preweaning dairy calves. Methods: At 22nd day of age, twenty-four Holstein calves were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups (n = 12/treatment) based on milk feeding frequency (MF): i) 3 L of milk feeding two times a day; ii) 6 L of milk feeding once a day. The milk feeding amount was reduced to half for all calves between 56 and 60 days of age and weaning was done at 60 days of age. To determine the increase in weight and structural measurements, each calf was weighed and measured at 3 weeks of age and then at weaning. The daily behavioral activity of each calf was assessed from the 22nd day of age till weaning (60th day of age) through Nederlandsche Apparatenfabriek (NEDAP) software providing real-time data through a logger fitted on the calf's foot. Results: There was no interaction (p≥0.17) between MF and sex of the calves for routine behavioral parameters, body weight and structural measurements. Similarly, there was no effect of MF on routine behavioral parameters, body weight and structural measurements. However, the sex of the calves affected body weight gain in calves. Male calves had 27% greater total body weight and average daily gain than female calves. There was no effect of the sex of the calves on behavioral measurements. Collectively, in the current study, no negative effects of a once-a-day milk feeding regimen were found on routine behavioral and growth parameters of preweaning calves in group housing. Conclusion: Once-a-day milk feeding can be safely adopted in preweaning calves from 22nd day of age.