• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.32 no.5
• /
• pp.404-409
• /
• 2015

The objective of this study was to compare the biocompatibility for local irritation and bioavailability of $Gentacol^{TM}$ and $Collatamp^{TM}$, after single intramuscular loading in rats. Sixty-six male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups; (1) any test materials were not applied into the quadriceps muscles (control group, N = 6), (2) Gentamicin was injected into the quadriceps muscles (Gentamicin group, N = 6), (3) Collatamp was applied into the quadriceps muscles (Collatamp group, N = 27), and (4) Gentacol was applied into the quadriceps muscles (Gentacol group, N = 27). The concentration of gentamicin in muscles was gradually decreased with time after loaded in the both $Gentacol^{TM}$ and $Collatamp^{TM}$ loaded regions. No detectable gentamicin was observed in the plasma of $Gentacol^{TM}$ and $Collatamp^{TM}$ loaded rats. Histologically, moderate to severe inflammatory cell infiltrations including PMN, lymphoid cells and macrophages were observed with slight to moderate edematous changes of muscle fibers after intramuscular injection of gentamicin. However, these histopathological changes of gentamicin injection induced local irritations were dramatically decreases after intramuscular loading of $Collatamp^{TM}$ and $Gentacol^{TM}$. These results suggest $Gentacol^{TM}$ may show favorable local bioavailability and induce only slight local irritations as comparable as $Collatamp^{TM}$ without systemic exposures in the condition of this experiment.

• International Journal of Costume and Fashion
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.49-62
• /
• 2015

The purpose of the study was to investigate jean consumption among middle-aged Korean women and the characteristics of consumers as potential jean consumers. The data were collected from the survey of 238 Korean women aged 45 to 64 years old. The respondents prefer outlet store to other retail outlets and wear jeans mainly for travel, grocery shopping, and outing. The main reason for not wearing jeans is body change, which leads to poor fit in abdomen and waist area. The sample was clustered into two groups based on interest in jeans: high-interest and low-interest group. From the examination of group differences, the high-interest group rated conformity/brand reputation, scarcity, and attractiveness of appearance significantly higher compared to the low-interest group among the five clothing benefits pursued. No difference was found in obesity and body satisfaction. Group differences were found in recent purchase, price, number of jeans owned, and frequency of wearing jeans. The results suggest the characteristics of the potential jean market among middle-aged women in Korea. Implications are discussed.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.163-169
• /
• 2013

Purpose: This study was conducted to confirm the anatomic conformity of the new periarticular locking plates designed by Zimmer on Korean adult bones and to identify the structures at risk during the application of these implants. Methods: The study was performed on the humerus, radius, and tibia of 10 adult cadavers(6 males and 4 females) procured from the cadaveric lab of our hospital. Anteroposterior (AP) and lateral X-rays were taken to confirm that the cadavers were free of any unusual lesions or anatomic variations. We used the 3.5-mm proximal humerus plate, 2.7-mm distal radius plate, 3.5- and 5.0-mm proximal tibia plates, and 3.5-mm distal tibia plate developed by Zimmer, Inc. (Zimmer periarticular locking plate). The longest plate from each group was used to confirm anatomical conformity. Standard approaches were used for each area, and soft tissue was retracted in order to pass the plate beneath the muscle. The position of the plate was confirmed using standard AP and lateral view X-rays. After this procedure had been completed, the region was dissected along the length of the implant to determine the conformity of the implant to bone and the penetrations of screws into the articular surface or violations of any vital structures, such as nerves, blood vessels, or tendons. Results: Excellent anatomical conformity was observed with Zimmer periarticular locking plates for Korean adults. The tibial nerve and the posterior tibial artery were found to be structures at risk when applying a distal tibial plate. Conclusion: Additional posterolateral fixation is recommended when dealing with cases of tibial plateau fracture when the fracture line extends to the posterolateral cortex. We recommend taking proper views using 10~15 degrees of internal rotation to ensure correct screw length and, thus, avoid penetration of vital structures and tendons.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.15-30
• /
• 2014

The purpose of this study is to provide basic information on clothing preference to help teachers suggest clothes that help students adapt better to school life, and to get basic data specific to Home Economics curricula and how teenagers' attitude toward clothes correlate with their conformity to school as a whole. The survey of 587 students was conducted between December 17-24, 2012 in Gwangju. The data was analyzed using the SPSS 18.0 for window program: frequency, means, factor analysis, cluster analysis, Chronbach's ${\alpha}$, t-test, and ANOVA. There were significant differences in the many adolescents's adapted to school life based on the clothing behavior conformity and the attitude toward the name-brand. The results showed that, if it is not extreme, adolescents had the more the clothing behavior conformity on peer & mass media than less, they did well adapt on school life. And the group of more preference for the name-brand clothing result in low school discipline adaptation but high peer and teacher relationship. In adaptation of learning, they were not different significantly based on attitudes toward the name brand.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.12 no.3 s.28
• /
• pp.309-318
• /
• 1988

The purposes of this study were: 1) to develop specific AIO variables(clothing variables) based on clothing behavior studies, 2) to segment apparel market by clothing variables, 3) to discribe the profile of each segment with clothing variables, lifestyle variables and demographic variables, 4) to Suggest effective strategies on apparel market of women's clothing. The Likert Type clothing questionnaires measured 6 aspects of clothing (fashion, conformity-individuality, practicality, aesthetics, modesty and brand consciousness & status symbols) dealing with activities, interests and opinions. In addition, lifestyle variables were measured with general AIO statements. The questionnaires were administered to 563 young women (students, career women and homemakers) living in Seoul. The data were analysed by factor analysis, ctustering analysis, multiple discriminant analysis, one-way ANOVA ana Duncan's multiple range test. The results of the study were as follow: 1) 4 factors emerged from factor analysis of clothing variables. Factor 1: lower interest in modesty and higher interest in aesthics, Factor 2: brand consciousness and status symbols, Factor 3: conformity, Factor4 : fashion. 2) Lifestyle variables clustered into 3 factors. Factor 1: positive social activity, Factor 2: family-oriented type, Factor S: materialism. 3) By cluster analysis of the 4 factors of the clothing variables, the apparel market of women's clothing was categorised into 3 segments (innovative aesthetics seeker group, brand and status symbols conscious group, clothing unconscious group). 4) The above three segmented groups were also significantly discriminated by lifestyle and demosraphic variables. 5) On the basis of the findings, effective marketing strategies of women's clothing were suggested.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.69-84
• /
• 2001

The purpose of the present study is to investigate the relationship between self-concept and clothing behavior of elementary school children. For this purpose. 301 third and sixth graders two schools in Daegu-city were sampled. The \`Test of Self-Concept\` and \`Questionnaire on the Clothing Behavior\` were administered purpose of this study. The collected data were analyzed by the SPSS/PC Windows programs according to the research issues. Means and standard deviations were calculated and a three-way analysis of variance was applied to analyze the effects of grades, sex(gender) and self-concept on the clothing behavior. The major results of this study were as follows: 1. It was found that the mean score of the clothing behavior was significantly different depending the level of self-concept (group). The mean scores of manageability. psychological dependency interest and conformity of the high self-concept. group were significantly higher than those of the low self-concept group. But. there was no significant difference between the high and low self-concept groups in the mean score of comformity. 2. There were statistically significant differences between the sex of children in the mean score of the clothing behavior. It was found that the mean score of manageability, psychological dependency and interest of the female students were significantly higher than those of the male students. However the mean score of the comfortability of male students was significantly higher than that of the female students. In the meantime there was no significant difference between the sex of students in the mean score of comformity. 3. There were statistically significant differences in the mean score of the clothing behavior according to the graders of children . It was found that the mean scores of manageability, psychological dependency, interest and comfortability of the third graders were significantly higher those that of the sixth graders. But, there was no significant difference depending the grades of students in the mean score of conformity. 4. There were statistically significant interaction effects between the sex and the grade of children on the mean score of interest and comfortability. It was found that the mean score of interest of male third graders was higher than that of male sixth graders. The mean score of comfortability of the female third graders higher than that of sixth graders.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.31-43
• /
• 2011

This study investigates the differences in the purchasing behavior of infant & children's wear with the features of children and consumers. This study conducted a survey on female buyers of infant & children's wear. 558 questionnaires were analyzed by using SPSS 18.0 statistic program with factor analysis, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, cluster analysis, ANOVA, and paired t-test. The results are as follows: 1. The buyer's value was identified with 3 factors: mental achievement value, social achievement value, and pleasure value. Three types of group by values were identified: group seeking mental social achievement, group seeking social achievement, and group seeking pleasure. 2. Fashion and conformity, pleasure pursuit, and reasonable price pursuit orientations showed significant differences among the value groups. 3. A significant difference was found in the imitation of wearing role models according to sibling relationships.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.19-26
• /
• 1986

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between clothing behaviors, background and popularity for a group of junior-high school girls in seoul, Korea. background : father's education, type of housing and economic level. popularity : Sociometric test. For statistical analyses of the data from 446 respondents, F-test, t-test, $x^2$-test, M. and S.D. were used. The findings were as follows : 1. (1) Father's education correlated significantly with $\ulcorner$Awareness$\lrcorner$at p<.05, and with $\ulcorner$satisfaction$\lrcorner$ at P<.005. (2) Type of housing correlated significantly with $\ulcorner$conformity$\lrcorner$-at p<.005, and with significantly $\ulcorner$satisfaction$\lrcorner$ at p<.01. (3) Economic level correlated significantly $\ulcorner$conformity$\lrcorner$ at p<.05, and with significantly $\ulcorner$satisfaction$\lrcorner$ at p<.005. 2. A significantly positive relationship was found between popularity and background. The higher the economic level and father's education are, the more popular are they- in their classroom. They also were found to have their own houses. On the contrary, the less the economic level and father's education are, the less popular are they in their classroom. They, in most cases, live in rent houses. 3. A positive relationship was not found between popularity and clothing behaviors.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.20-26
• /
• 2016

This study investigated noise characteristics of air cleaners and humidifiers in terms of frequency domains and measurement directions. Noise levels of 31 air cleaners and 36 humidifiers were measured in an anechoic chamber according to the related group standards. As for air cleaners, 5 receiving points of 1 m off from front, rear, left, right and top surfaces of the product were considered. In case of humidifiers, 4 receiving points without the rear position were considered in the same manner as air cleaners. In each case, A-weighted equivalent continuous sound level was measured three times for 1 min. As a results, most of the measured air cleaners and humidifiers showed the highest noise levels at top directions due to the air ventilating location. In case of air cleaners, averaged noise levels of top and rear positions were 49.9 and 48.2 dB(A), respectively, whereas averaged noise level of other positions was all 45.2 dB(A). In case of humidifiers, averaged noise level of top position was 44.1 dB(A) whereas averaged noise levels of other positions were 38.7 to 39.1 dB(A). In addition, high frequency content of 1 kHz and 3.15 kHz to 4 kHz for air cleaners and middle frequency content of 500 Hz to 1.6 kHz for humidifiers showed significant contribution to determination of overall noise levels with correlation coefficient of 0.9 and above.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.1 no.2
• /
• pp.65-70
• /
• 1977

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relation of attitudes and usage of denim cloth-ing to masculinity femininity, attitudes toward women's role, and four aspects of clothing interests. Masculinity-femininity was assessed by The Fe Scale of the California Psychological Inventory. Attitudes toward women's role was measured by selected items from The Inventory of Feminine Values and The Sex Ideology Scale. Measures of attitudes toward denim clothing consisted of: 1) attitudes regarding practicality and youth symbol, 2) possession, and 3) frequency of wearing denim clothing. Four aspects of clothing interests in general were assessed by statements dealing with choice of design, conformity-individuality, fashion and practicality in clothing. The sample consisted of 388 students in Sookmyung Women's University in Seoul, Korea. The data, collected by means of a self-administered questionnaire, were analyzed by correlation. The results indicate that: 1) Masculinity-femininity was related to youth symbol attitudes, possession, and frequency of wear-ing denim clothing. 2) Attitudes toward women's role was related to practicality attitudes, and frequency of wearing denim clothing. 3) Practicality attitudes toward denim clothing was related to conformity-individuality, and practicality in clothing. 4) Youth symbol attitudes toward denim clothing was related to fashion in clothing. 5) Possession of denim clothing was related to fashion and the choice of design in clothing. 6) Frequency of wearing denim clothing was related to the choice of design, and conformity-individuality in clothing.