• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.149-165
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• 2001

This study was performed to define the cytotoxicity and the anti-inflammatory action of Pulsatilla koreana extracts. To analyze cytotoxic effects, gingival and periodontal ligament fibroblasts were used, and anti-inflammatory actions related to reduction of $IL-1{\beta}$ and $PGE_2$ production were performed in vitro, for the suggestion of efficacy and safety on periodontal therapeutic use of Pulsatilla koreana extracts. We extracted ethylacetate and butylalcohol from well-dried and ground Pulsatilla koreana throughout multiple processing, then used different concentration solution(0.1 %, 0.2 %, 0.4 %, 0.01 %, 0.02 %, 0.04 %, 1 %, 2 %) of ethylacetate and butylalcohol extracts to examine eytotoxic effects and anti-inflammatory actions Cytotoxic effects were examined by ELISA reader using MTT(Methyl Thiazol-2-YL-2, 5-diphenyl Tetrazolium bromide)solution following culture of human gingival and periodontal ligament fibroblasts. Synthesis of $IL-1{\beta}$was examined by $IL-1{\beta}$ enzyme-immunoassay(EIA)system after separation and culture of monocyte, and $PGE_2$ was examined by $PGE_2EIA$ system after culture of gingival fibroblasts. The results were as follows: 1. In the MTT test of gingival fibroblasts, the change of optical density was decreased significantly at 2 % of butylalcohol extracts and 0.04 %, 0.1 %, 0.2 %, 0.4 %, 1 %, 2 % of ethylacetate extracts.(p<0.05) 2. In the MTT test of periodontal ligament cells, the change of optical density were not differ significantly. but butylalcohol and ethylacetate extracts except from butylalcohol 0.01 % showed high cell cytotoxity. 3. Both ethylacetate and butylalcohol extracts from Pulsatilla koreana inhibited the synthesis of $IL-1{\beta}$and inhibition effect of ethylacetate extracts were higher than butylalcohol extracts. 4. Both ethylacetate and butylalcohol extracts from Pulsatilla koreana inhibited the synthesis of $PGE_2$, and ethylacetate extracts were higher than butylalcohol extracts. In conclusion, ethylacetate and butylalcohol extracts from Pulsatilla koreana showed little cell cytotoxity for gingival and periodontal ligament fibroblasts, and the inhibition of $IL-1{\beta}$ and $PGE_2$ sysnthesis, therefore it is considered that these extracts can be developed as the therapeutics of the periodontal disease.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.17 no.8 s.111
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• pp.773-787
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• 2006

An airborne radar is an essential aviation electronic system for the aircraft to perform various civil and/or military missions in all weather environments. This paper presents the design, development, and test results of the multi-mode X-band pulsed Doppler radar system test model for helicopter-borne flight test. This radar system consists of 4 LRUs(Line-Replacement Unit), which include antenna unit, transmitter and receiver unit, radar signal & data processing unit and display Unit. The developed core technologies include the planar array antenna, TWTA transmitter, coherent I/Q detector, digital pulse compression, MTI, DSP based Doppler FFT filter, adaptive CFAR, moving clutter compensation, platform motion stabilizer, and tracking capability. The design performance of the developed radar system is verified through various ground fixed and moving vehicle test as well as helicopter-borne field tests including MTD(Moving Target Detector) capability for the Doppler compensation due to the moving platform motion.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.421-434
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• 1991

Ground magnetic surveys were conducted at four areas where the Yangsan fault, the most prominent lineament in the Kyeongsang basin, appears to be passed through. For data processing, IGRF correction, upward continuation and reduction-to-the-pole were performed. The automatic inversion by using a matrix computation method, which takes the depth to bottom layer of the horizontal two layer structure as the model parameter, has been attempted to delineate the subsurface structure. Upward continuation of the surface magnetic map to the same level of the aeromagnetic survey (KIER, 1989) resulted in very similiar patterns to those of aeromagnetic data. Subsurface modeling of eight profile data show that the strike and dip of the Yangsan fault in study areas are $N6^{\circ}-15^{\circ}E$, and near vertical to somewhat eastward, repectively, despite of the local lithological contrast of each study area. It seems that the magnetic effect of faulting in the study area 1, which locates in the most northern part of the survey areas, is disturbed by that of igneous intrusion. At study area 2, the possibility of volcanic or igneous intrusion, which is 200-300 meters wide along the fault plane was presented. At study area 3, unlike other study areas, distinct fracture zone of 500-700 meters in width was revealed along the surface fault line. The andesitic rocks of the study area 4 have very high susceptibilities and the fault line on surface of this area was shifted about 500 meter eastward, as compared with the inferred fault line by the previous study.

• Explosives and Blasting
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.29-50
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• 2015

Safe blast criteria based on the concept of scaled distances can be obtained from the statistical analysis on measured peak particle velocity data of blast vibrations. Two types of scaled distance widely used in Korea are the square root scaled distance (SRSD) and cube root scaled distance (CRSD). In contrast to SRSD scheme, however, the function of maximum charge per delay for CRSD increases without bound after the intersection point of these two functions despite of the similar goodness of fits. To prevent structural damage that may be caused by the excessive charge in the case of CRSD, it is suggested that CRSD be used within a specified distance slightly beyond the intersection point. On the other hand, there are several attempts that predict vibration level(VL) from the peak particle velocity(PPV) or estimate VL based on the scaled distances without considering their frequency spectra. It appears that these attempts are conducted in blasting contracts only for the purpose of satisfying the environment-related law, which mainly deals with the annoyance aspects of noises and vibrations in human life. But, in principle there could no correlation between peaks of velocity and acceleration over entire frequency spectrum. Therefore, such correlations or estimations should be conducted only between the waves with the same or very similar frequency spectra. Finally, it is a known fact that structural damage due to ground vibration is related to PPV level, the safety level criteria for structures should be defined by allowable PPV levels together with their zero crossing frequencies (ZCF).

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.185-190
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• 1982

In utilization of small size red muscled fishes like mackerel, sardine, and filefish, mechanical dressing is usually required. The removal of dark muscle is also necessary to improve qualify of the product, which could hardly be done by mechanical process. As a method of separating dark muscle, specific gravity method using sugar solution was investigated in this study. And the effects of the level of specific gravity, the size and density of meat particles, and stability of meat particle float on the separation of dark muscle were discussed. From the results, effective specific gravity, in case of sucrose solution, ranged 1.067 to 1.072 for mackerel, 1.062 to 1.070 for sardine, and 1.072 to 1.077 for filefish, respectively. The maximum separation of more than $90\%$ was obtained at specific gravity of 1.075, 1.070, and 1.075 in cases of mackerel, sardine and filefish, respectively. The size of meat particles which were ground with 0.2cm orifice plate was adequate to yield $90\%$ separation or above. The meat particle float in the glucose solution began to precipitate within 5 minutes after separation while 25 minutes in case of sucrose solution. Lipids were also fairly removed by the dark muscle separation process.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.103-109
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• 2007

Ortho images and Digital Elevation Model (DEM) have been applied in various fields. It is necessary to acquire Ground Control Points (GCPs) for processing high resolution satellite images. However surveying GCPs require many time and expense. This study was performed to investigate whether GCPs automatically extracted from ortho images and DTED Level 2 can be applied to sensor modeling for high resolution satellite images. We analyzed the performance of the sensor model established by GCPs extracted automatically. We acquired GCPs by matching satellite image against ortho images. We included the height acquired from DTED Level 2 data in these GCPs. The spatial resolution of the DTED Level 2 data is about 30m. Absolution accuracy of this data is below 18m above MSL. The spatial resolution of ortho image is 1m. We established sensor model from IKONOS images using GCPs extracted automatically and generated DEMs from the images. The accuracy of sensor modeling is about $4{\sim}5$ pixel. We also established sensor models using GCPs acquired based on GPS surveying and generated DEMs. Two DEMs were similar. The RMSE of height from the DEM by automatic GCPs and DTED Level 2 is about 9 m. So we think that GCPs by DTED Level 2 and ortho image can use for IKONOS sensor modeling.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.625-633
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• 2012

Extended Depth of Focus (EDF) algorithms for extracting three-dimensional (3D) information from a set of optical image slices are studied by many researches recently. Due to the limited depth of focus of the microscope, only a small portion of the image slices are in focus. Most of the EDF algorithms try to find the in-focus area to generate a single focused image and a 3D depth image. Inherent to most image processing algorithms, the EDF algorithms need parameters to be properly initialized to perform successfully. In this paper, we select three popular transform-based EDF algorithms which are each based on pyramid, wavelet transform, and complex wavelet transform, and study the performance of the algorithms according to the initialization of its parameters. The parameters we considered consist of the number of levels used in the transform, the selection of the lowest level image, the window size used in high frequency filter, the noise reduction method, etc. Through extended simulation, we find a good relationship between the initialization of the parameters and the properties of both the texture and 3D ground truth images. Typically, we find that a proper initialization of the parameters improve the algorithm performance 3dB ~ 19dB over a default initialization in recovering the 3D information.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.129-136
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• 2020

PM2.5 which is a very tiny air particulate matter even smaller than PM10 has been issued in the environmental problem. Since PM2.5 can cause eye diseases or respiratory problems and infiltrate even deep blood vessels in the brain, it is important to predict PM2.5. However, it is difficult to predict PM2.5 because there is no clear explanation yet regarding the creation and the movement of PM2.5. Thus, prediction methods which not only predict PM2.5 accurately but also have the interpretability of the result are needed. To predict hourly PM2.5 of Seoul city, we propose a method using random forest with the adjusted bootstrap number from the time series ground data preprocessed on different sources. With this method, the prediction model can be trained uniformly on hourly information and the result has the interpretability. To evaluate the prediction performance, we conducted comparative experiments. As a result, the performance of the proposed method was superior against other models in all labels. Also, the proposed method showed the importance of the variables regarding the creation of PM2.5 and the effect of China.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.747-761
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• 2008

In order to experiment the acoustic remote classification of seabed sediment, we achieved ground-truth data(i.e. video and grab samples, etc.) and developed post-processing for automatic classification procedure on the basis of 300 kHz MultiBeam Echo Sounder(MBES) backscattering data, which was acquired using KONGBERG Simrad EM3000 at Sock-Cho Port, East Sea of South Korea. Sonar signal and its classification performance were identified with geo-referenced video imagery with the aid of GIS (Geographic Information System). The depth range of research site was from 5 m to 22.7 m, and the backscattering amplitude showed from -36dB to -15dB. The mean grain sizes of sediment from equi-distanced sampling site(50 m interval) varied from 2.86$(\phi)$ to 0.88(\phi). To acquire the main feature for the seabed classification from backscattering amplitude of MBES, we evaluated the correlation factors between the backscattering amplitude and properties of sediment samples. The performance of seabed remote classification proposed was evaluated with comparing the correlation of human expert segmentation to automatic algorithm results. The cross-model perception error ratio on automatic classification algorithm shows 8.95% at rocky bottoms, and 2.06% at the area representing low mean grain size.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.24-31
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• 2016

Recently, many studies have been conducted to use fixed-wing and rotary-wing unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs, Drones) for topographic surveying in open-pit mines. Because the fixed-wing and rotary-wing UAVs have different characteristics such as flight height, speed, time and performance of mounted cameras, their results of topographic surveying at a same site need to be compared. This study selected a construction site in Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea as a study area and compared the topographic surveying results from a fixed-wing UAV (SenseFly eBee) and a popular rotary-wing UAV (DJI Phantom2 Vision+). As results of data processing for aerial photos taken from eBee and Phantom2 Vision+, orthomosaic images and digital surface models with about 4 cm grid spacing could be generated. Comparisons of the X, Y, Z-coordinates of 7 ground control points measured by differential global positioning system and those determined by eBee and Phantom2 Vision+ revealed that the root mean squared errors of X, Y, Z-coordinates were around 10 cm, respectively.