• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.749-754
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• 2014

In this paper, we suggest tree-structure-aware GP (Genetic Programming) operators that heed tree distributions in structure space and their possible structural difficulties. The main idea of the proposed GP operators is to place the generated offspring of crossover and/or mutation in a specified region of tree structure space insofar as possible by biasing the tree structures of the altered subtrees, taking into account the observation that most solutions are found in that region. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, experiments on the binomial-3 regression, multiplexor and even parity problems are performed. The results show that the results using the proposed tree-structure-aware operators are superior to the results of standard GP for all three test problems in both success rate and number of evaluations.

• 천문학회보
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.70.2-70.2
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• 2013

We present collections of optical photometry for a pre-main sequence star HBC 722. It showed large amplitude optical outburst (${\Delta}V=4.7$ mag) in 2010 and classified as a FU Orionis type object. We have been observing HBC 722 from 2011 April to 2013 May, using Camera for QUasars in EArly uNiverse (CQUEAN) attached to the 2.1 m Otto Struve telescope at the McDonald Observatory. Time-series monitoring data (minute-scale interval) were obtained in SDSS r, i and z bands to see short-scale behaviors as well as trace the long-term brightness changes after the eruption in 2010. Interestingly, it started to brighten from 2011 early summer and became brighter than the first outburst peak in our 2013 May observation. We expect that the recovering phase would result from re-increase of disk accretion rate, might attribute to distinctive short-scale color features. In this presentation, we report long- and short-timescale optical behaviors of HBC 722 in the post-outburst phase.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.69-80
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• 2021

The new town in Korea, developed as a large-scale housing plan, has created urban ecological corridors to provide habitat and movement routes to wildlife and to promote natural ecological flow. This study aimed to investigate the use of wildlife in 10 ecological corridors in Gwanggyo New Town through camera trap technology and confirm effectiveness by identifying environmental factors affecting the use of wildlife's urban ecological corridors. Our researchers installed 20 unmanned sensor cameras at each the entrance and exit of the ecological corridors, and monitored urban wildlife for 10 weeks. According to the monioring results, the main species in Gwanggyo New Town were identified not only raccons, cats, water deer, korean hare and avain but also magpies, dove, eurasian tree sparrow, ring-necked pheasant, and eurasian jay. The number of uses ecological corridors of urban residents was 801(13.49%), as high as that of urban wildlife (1,140, 19.20%), which was judged to have disturbed the use of ecological corridors by wildlife. However, most dominant species of urban wildlife are nocturnal so that, it was judged that they share home range with urban residents at a time interval. In addition, according to the correlation analysis results between the mammal using rate of the urban ecological corridors and environmental factors(ecological corridor-specific length, ecological corridor-specific width, cover degree, shielding degree, connected green area, separation of movement routes, and presence of streetlights), environmental factors were not statistically significant. However, the more the area of green space connected to ecological corridors, the more increasing the mammal using rate of ecological corridor(r=0.71, p<0.05). Therefore, the area of green space connected to the ecological corridors that is associated with rate of wildlife using corridors should be considered as a priority when developing an urban ecological corridors. In the future, this study will extend the observation period of the ecological corridors and continuously accumulate data by adding the number of observation cameras. Furthermore, it is expected that the results of this study can be used as basic data for the standards for urban ecological corridors installation.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.526-533
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• 2009

본 연구는 광산지역 암반사면이나 광물찌꺼기 적치 사면 등을 보호하기 위한 섬유 방틀공법에 관한 것이다. 섬유 방틀공법은 식생이 자라기 어려운 열악한 환경에서 섬유를 이용해 식생기반을 조성하여 식생이 활착할 수 있도록 도와주는 사면보호공법이다. 섬유 방틀공은 폴리에스테르 섬유매트, 토양, 종자, 사면에 부착을 위한 앵커부로 구성되어 있다. 섬유 방틀공의 무공상태에서 나타난 저조한 발아율을 V형 타공으로 개선하였으며 18개 초본류에 대한 실내발아시험 결과를 토대로 섬유 내 충전재의 최적 배합비를 산정하였다. 최적 배합비는 4곳의 현장 시험시공에 적용 되었으며 활착율이 낮은 현장에서는 보완된 현장시험 시공을 통해 시공된 섬유를 피복하는 식생 활착률이 70% 이상임을 확인하였다. 특히 시험시공 결과 토양보습제는 식생 활착을 위한 충전재 중 가장 중요한 요소로 작용하였다.

• 한국건설순환자원학회논문집
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.252-258
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• 2018

대규모의 에너지 소비 및 인구의 증가로 온실가스 증가 및 열섬 현상이 빈번한 도시는 녹지공간의 증대가 요구되었고, 한정된 도시 공간에서는 건축물 옥상에 녹지공간을 형성하는 옥상녹화가 증대되었다. 옥상녹화에 사용하는 경량토양은 주로 펄라이트를 사용하나 비산, 분진 등 작업환경의 악화로 다른 경량토양의 요구가 증대되었다. 한편 화력발전소에서 발생하는 바텀애시는 재활용을 위한 다양한 연구가 진행되었는데, 인공경량토양으로의 활용가능성도 확인된 바 있다. 본 연구는 기존의 바텀애시 활용 인공경량토양보다 혼합량이 높은 바텀애시를 사용한 인공경량토양을 개발하고자, 바텀애시의 물리적, 화학적 특성을 분석한 후 유기물의 필요성을 확인하고, 바크, 퇴비, 코코피트 등의 유기재료 배합을 달리하여 최적의 배합을 도출하였고, 이 배합을 조경설계기준에서 제시한 토양성능 항목에 적합여부를 확인한 결과, 중급 정도의 성능을 갖는 인공경량토양임을 확인하였다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to suggest the minimum distance needed between landscape trees and apartment buildings. in order for the trees to grow soundly and maintain constant growth. Therefore, this study investigated and analyzed the present conditions of the green-spaces contiguous to apartment buildings and the trees inside the apartment complex. The following general problems were identified : (1) the tree growth conditions, (2) the planting intervals, and (3) the planting methods in the apartment complexes. The method of this study was to survey areas, measure the trees and analyze the results. Ten apartment complexes located in Seoul were randomly selected for this study. To analyze the greens contiguous to the building of each apartment complex, the greens were divided into three types, including the front greens, the side greens, and the rear greens. The study surveyed the width of all contiguous greens and the distance from trees to my given building. Four representative sites were specifically investigated to measure the crown widths, heights, and diameters of the trees. These investigations were carried out over 3 months from August to December 2006. According to the results of the study, it was found that the greens are narrower in width and the more closer to a building. The study identified a correlation between the tree and the passage of time after the completion of construction of an apartment complex, showing that the malformation of the trees worsened as time passed. As a result of measuring the right crown and left crown width with the tree trunk as the center, a broad difference was found between coniform trees and trees that tend to branch out more. For example, the ratio of the width of the Acer palmatum is 1:6. However, the ratio of the Metasequoia glyptostroboide is 1:1.7. Based on the overall analysis, it was concluded that the maintained minimum width must be greater than one meter over the green space according to the 'Landscape Standard 2000'. However, that is only applicable to cases such as apartment buildings that present no obstacles. In conclusion having greens placed within one meter of width to a building is not an appropriate environment for the healthy growth of trees. To create sound green spaces, sustainable, long-term growth rate and size should be considered. It is necessary to prepare new standards for the computation of planting trees and the measurement of square landscapes. Wall greenery and shrubberies could be an alternative in the case of a narrow-width green space.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.258-267
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• 2003

이 연구는 인천시 공개공지의 조성과 이용실태 그리고 식재 현황을 분석하여 도심 녹지로서 기능을 개선하기 위한 방안제시를 목적으로 하였다. 연구대상지는 1994∼2002년 조성된 대형상업건물 10개소, 교통관련 건물 3개소, 공공기관 건물 2개소의 공개공지였으며, 우리나라와 유사한 공개공지 제도를 운영하고 있는 일본 오사카시와 가와사키시 공개공지의 식재지 구조를 인천시 연구대상지와 비교하였다. 인천시는 아직까지 공개공지를 도심 녹지로 보는 시각이 부족하였고 공개공지는 법적 의무만을 충족시키는 수준에서 조성되고 있었다. 공개공지의 도심녹지 기능 강화를 위해서는 첫째. 공개공지 식재지율을 어린이공원 수준인 40%로 늘려 소공원화 하는 것이 필요하다. 둘째, 공개공지의 수목 식재기반. 수종선정, 식재방법 등에 대한 사항을 인허가시 녹지관련 부서와 협의할 수 있도록 해야 한다. 셋째. 공개공지의 식재 기준으로 삼고 있는 '대지안의 조경 식재기준'을 현재 보다 상향 조정하여 녹지 질과 녹량을 증진시켜 환경개선 효과를 높일 수 있도록 해야 한다. 넷째. 공개공지를 시민들이 쉽게 알아보고 이용할 수 있는 안내 사인의 설치 의무화가 요구된다. 다섯째, 공개공지가 본래 목적 이외의 다른 용도로 전용되지 못하게 법적 규정을 마련할 필요가 있다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.43-49
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• 2009

1985년과 1997년 차량등록대수가 각각 100만대와 1,000만대를 돌파하면서 주로 지상에 설치되었던 공동주택의 주차장이 지하에 설치되는 계기가 마련되었다. 이에 따라 공동주택의 식재설계도 많은 변화가 뒤따랐다. 본 연구에서는 청주시에 위치한 공동주택단지를 대상으로, 주차장 설치기준을 지상형, 지상 지하혼합형 그리고 지하형으로 구분하여 식재설계 특성을 분석하고자 하였다. 세대당 주차율은 지상형에 비해 지하주차장을 설치하기 시작한 지상 지하혼합형에서 2배 이상의 증가를 나타냈다. 지하주차장 설치비율이 매우 높아진 지하형으로 바뀌면서 세대당 1대 이상을 주차율을 확보할 수 있었다. 녹지율은 지상형에서 지상 지하 혼합형으로 바뀌면서 큰 변화는 없었지만, 전용면적당 녹지율은 오히려 감소하여 녹지의 질적인 측면에서는 낮은 것으로 분석되었다. 2000년도 이후에 건설된 공동주택의 주차장은 대부분 지하에 조성되어 녹지면적이 증가되는 경향을 나타냈다. 식재설계에 사용되는 수종은 병충해에 약하고 혐오감을 줄 수 있는 수종은 점차 사라지는 추세이며 수형이 아름답고, 꽃과 열매를 감상할 수 있는 수종이 많이 식재되는 특성을 나타냈다. 상록수의 식재는 공동주택 건설 초기에 많이 식재되었던 향나무는 점차 줄어들고, 소나무의 식재가 많이 늘어나는 추세였다. 2000년 이후에 건설된 지하형 공동주택에서부터 식재되기 시작한 초화류는 꽃을 감상할 수 있고, 화려한 외형적 특징으로 앞으로의 사용은 더욱 증가할 것으로 예견되었다.

• 한국주거학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국주거학회 2006년도 추계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.168-172
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• 2006

With the progress of the aging society into the aged society, the planning of senior housing is inevitably required. Among the factors of planning, color appeals to people's vision which mostly accepts information about the environment, so age-related color vision changes should be studied. The purpose of the study is to find out characteristics of color perception focused on yellow and blue with advancing of the yellowed eye sight in the old age. The findings are as follows. (1) Regardless of gender, losses of color perception in sensitivity is occurred as aging is proceeded. But the rate of reduction is mitigated compared with the ex-research in Japan because of the promotion of physical health. (2) Human lens coloration was not common until 85 years old and the hue of yellow and red was easily perceived by the older subjects. (3) Yellow is more preferred to other colors by the elderly and accuracy of yellow-color perception is higher than that of blue-color. (4) It is especially hard for the elderly to perceive the difference between pure blue and mixture of blue-green. Therefore blue and blue-green should not be adopted simultaneously in senior housing environment. Except for the space which specially requires carefulness, various color preferred by the elderly should be applied to the senior housing environment to satisfy their psychological condition and provide the vitality of life.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.73-82
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• 2008

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the correlation analysis between the experienced crime victimization rate and the evaluation indicator of residents' safety of outdoor spaces from crime in multi-family housing. Additionally this paper intend to analyze the correlation analysis between the residents' satisfaction about safety and the evaluation indicator of residents' safety of outdoor spaces. For that purpose, 9 Multi-Family Housing located in the metropolitan area were selected to perform a survey against 349 residents during May 26-29, 2006. The SPSS program was used and the level of satisfaction ranged from 1 to 5. Scale of 5 being most satisfied while 1 being most dissatisfied. The results of this study are the followings; 1) Most occurred crime were auto theft and damages, poster matter theft, housebreaking. 2) The crime rate is higher in outdoor than in indoor. 3) This study proved the correlation between the residents' satisfaction about housing safety and most indicators except the number of households etc. 4) By the results of the correlation coefficient it makes clear that the number of apartment building, the visibility of Green Space, the location of pedestrian etc. have relation with the residents' satisfaction about housing safety.