• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.1110-1114
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• 2008

$\beta$-Glucuronidases of intestinal bacteria are capable of retoxifying compounds that have been detoxified by liver glucuronidation, which is one of the most important detoxication processes in the liver. Therefore, this enzyme is known to accelerate colon cancer invasion and metastasis. Two bromophenols, 2,4,6-tribromophenol (I) and 2,4-dibromophenol (II), were purified from the red alga Grateloupia elliptica. $IC_{50}$ values of bromophenol I and II against Escherichia coli $\beta$-glucuronidase were 5.4 and 8.5 mg/mL, respectively. Hence, bromophenols of G. elliptica, a potent $\beta$-glucuronidase inhibitor, can be used as a novel pharmaceutical agent for the prevention and treatment of colon cancer.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.236-243
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• 2014

해양 생물은 중요한 생물자원으로 인식되고 있다. 특히, 해조류 자원은 식용, 유용 유기물질 추출, 바이오연료 생산, 탄소 흡수 등과 같은 많은 잠재적인 이용 가능성을 갖는다. 한국산 자생생물 조사의 일환으로 Halymenia latifolia P.L. Crouan et H.M. Crouan ex Kutzing, Grateloupia livida (Harvey) Yamada and Hypnea boergesenii Tanaka의 3종이 동해 연안에서 채집되었다. 본 3종에 대한 형태학 및 분류학적 주해가 본 연구에서 제시된다. 이 중에서 Halymenia latifolia는 한국산 미기록 종으로 여기서 처음으로 보고된다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.503-511
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• 2008

An edible marine red alga, Grateloupia filicina, collected from Jeju Island of Korea was hydrolyzed by cheap food-grade carbohydrases (Viscozyme, Celuclast, AMC, Termamyl, and Ultraflo) to investigate its anticoagulant activity. Among the tested enzymatic extracts of G. filicina, a Termamyl extract showed the highest anticoagulant activity. Anion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and gel-permeation chromatography on Sepharose-4B were used to purify the active polysaccharide from the crude polysaccharide fraction of G. filicina. The purified sulfated polysaccharide (0.42 sulfate/total sugar) showed ${\sim}1,357kDa$ molecular mass and was comprised mainly of galactose(98%) and 1-2% of glucose. The sample showed potential anticoagulant activity on activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) thrombin time (TT) assays. The purified G. filicina anticoagulant (GFA) inhibited the coagulation factor X (92%), factor II (82%), and factor VII (68%) of the coagulation cascade, and the molecular interaction (protein-polysaccharide) was highly enhanced in the presence of ATIII (antithrombin III). The dissociation constant of polysaccharide towards serine proteins decreased in the order of FXa (58.9 nM) >FIIa (74.6 nM) >FVII (109.3 nM). The low/less cytotoxicity of the polysaccharide benefits its use in the pharmaceutical industry; however, further studies that would help us to elucidate the mechanism of its activity are needed.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.118-124
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• 2012

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Grateloupia elliptica, a seaweed native to Jeju Island, Korea, on the prevention of hair loss. When immortalized rat vibrissa dermal papilla cells were treated with extract of G. elliptica, the proliferation of dermal papilla cells significantly increased. In addition, the G. elliptica extract significantly inhibited the activity of $5{\alpha}$-reductase, which converts testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT), a main cause of androgenetic alopecia. On the other hand, the G. elliptica extract promoted $PGE_2$ production in HaCaT cells in a dose-dependent manner. The G. elliptica extract exhibited particularly high inhibitory effect on LPS-stimulated IL-12, IL-6, and TNF-${\alpha}$ production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated bone marrow-derived dendritic cells. The G. elliptica extract also showed inhibitory activity against Pityrosporum ovale, a main cause of dandruff. These results suggest that G. elliptica extract has the potential to treat alopecia via the proliferation of dermal papilla, $5{\alpha}$-reductase inhibition, increase of $PGE_2$ production, decrease of LPS-stimulated pro-inflammatory cytokines and inhibitory activity against Pityrosporum ovale.

• ALGAE
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.317-326
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• 2008

Marine algal flora and community structure were investigated seasonally at three sites in Ilkwang Bay on the southern east coast of Korea from May 2007 to February 2008. Total 103 species including 10 of green algae, 17 of brown algae, 76 of red algae were collected and identified. Among these species, 21 species were found throughout the year. Ulva pertusa, Enteromorpha linza, Grateloupia lanceolata, Chondracanthus intermedia and Caulacanthus ustulatus were distributed dominantly in upper intertidal zone. By contrast, crustose coralline algae, Grateloupia spp., Chondracanthus tenellus, Prionitis cornea and Sargassum spp. occurred predominantly in middle intertidal zone. Grateloupia spp., Sargassum spp., Ecklonia cava and Ulva pertusa were dominant in lower intertidal zone. Annual mean biomass in wet weight was 478.3 g m$^{-2}$. Maximum biomass was recorded in site 1 (731.8 g m$^{-2}$), and minimum was recorded in site 3 (78.5 g m$^{-2}$). The R/P, C/P and (R + C)/P value reflecting flora characteristics were 4.47, 0.59 and 5.06, respectively. Two groups produced by cluster analysis, one including sites 1, 2 and the other including site 3, showed meaningful difference in similarity, each other. Site 3 showed the limited species composition due to inflow of fresh water and absence of solid substratum. However, there was no significant difference between site 1 and site 2. In conclusion, the number of marine algae species and biomass in Ilkwang Bay were markedly reduced comparing with the previous studies. These suggest that a solution for reconstruction of the poor marine algal vegetation is considerably demanded.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제44권8호
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• pp.1128-1136
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 참도박 에탄올 추출물(GEHEE)의 항염증 효과를 알아보기 위해 lipopolysaccharide에 의해 활성화된 대식세포로부터 분비되는 염증매개인자들의 발현량과 마우스 모델을 이용한 귀 부종 및 조직학적 관찰 실험을 진행하였다. 그 결과 염증을 유발하는 대표적 물질인 NO 및 사이토카인[interleukin(IL)-6, $IL-1{\beta}$ 및 tumor necrosis factor $receptor-{\alpha}$]의 분비량이 GEHEE 농도 의존적으로 유의적 감소를 보였다. 또한 전사인자인 nuclear $factor-{\kappa}B$의 활성과 인산화효소인 mitogen-activated protein kinases(p38, JNK 및 ERK)의 발현량이 억제됨을 확인함에 따라 염증작용 기전에서 이들의 활성 억제가 NO 및 사이토카인 분비량 조절에 영향을 미침을 확인하였다. 동물모델을 이용한 실험에서는 croton oil로 부종을 유발한 마우스 귀 조직에 GEHEE를 처리하였을 때 항염증제인 prednisolone 처리구와 유사한 수준으로 경피 및 진피의 두께가 감소한 것을 확인하였으며, 조직 내 침윤되는 mast cell의 수도 현저히 억제됨을 확인하였다. 따라서 본 연구 결과는 참도박 에탄올 추출물의 항염증 효능을 가진 기능성 소재로의 이용 가능성을 제시한다.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2020

연구에서는 흑효모(Aureobasidium pullulans)를 이용한 참도박(Grateloupia elliptica) 발효 열수와 에탄올 추출물 및 발효하지 않은 참도박 열수와 에탄올 추출물과 항산화, 티로시나제와 콜라게나제 저해효과, 세포독성 및 증식실험을 진행하였다. 흑효모 발효 참도박 추출물과 참도박 추출물은 농도가 증가함에 따라 농도의존적으로 DPPH와 ABTS 라디칼 소거활성이 높아졌으며, 발효에 관계없이 에탄올 추출물이 열수 추출물보다 항산화 활성이 높게 나타났다. 또한 모든 시료 중 참도박 발효 에탄올 추출물의 항산화 활성이 가장 높게 나타났다. Tyrosinase 저해효과는 1,000 ㎍/mL 농도에서 참도박 발효 에탄올 추출물(GEFEE)이 9.8%로 가장 높은 결과를 나타냈으나, 모든 추출물에서 10%이하의 낮은 tyrosinase 저해효과를 나타냈다. Collagenase 저해 효과를 조사한 결과 발효와 관계없이 열수추출물에서는 collagenase 저해 효과가 미미한 것으로 나타났으나, 에탄올 추출물의 경우 농도 의존적으로 collagenase 저해효과를 나타냈다. 또한 참도박 발효에탄올 추출물의 경우 1,000 ㎍/mL에서 50.3%의 시료 중 가장 높은 저해 효과를 나타냈다. 인간세포(HaCaT, keratinocytes)를 이용하여 세포독성 및 증식실험을 진행하였다. 참도박 및 참도박 발효추출물의 세포독성 및 증식률은 무처리 대조군과 비교한 결과 시료의 모든 농도에서 90% 이상의 결과를 나타냈다. 모든 시료 중 참도박 발효 에탄올추출물이 가장 높은 항산화 활성 및 주름개선 효과를 나타냈다. 따라서 참도박 발효추출물은 우수한 항산화 효과와 주름개선 효능을 가진 화장품의 생리활성 소재로 개발될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.123-131
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• 2021

해양 홍조류 참도박(Grateloupia elliptica, G. elliptica)을 흑효모(Aureobasidium pullulans, A. pullulans)로 발효시킨 추출물들의 인간 피부각질세포주(HaCaT)에 대한 항염증 효과를 조사하였다. 흑효모로 발효한 참도박 추출물은 참도박 추출물에 비하여 총 폴리페놀(total polyphenol content)은 최대 2.7 배로 증가되었으며 총 플라보노이드(total flavonoid conten)는 최대 2.4 배 증가되었다. 인간 피부각질세포를 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 또는 H₂O₂로 염증을 유도 한 후 참도박 추출물과 참도박 발효 추출물을 100 ㎍/mL 농도로 처리 한 결과 LPS 또는 H₂O₂ 만 처리한 세포군에 비하여 약 3 ~ 10% 정도 세포생존율이 증가되었다. 또한 염증 유발과 관련된 단백질 발현 변화를 조사한 결과 참도박 발효추출물이cyclooxygenase-2 및 70 kDa heat shock protein 의 발현을 현저히 감소시켰다. 따라서 흑효모로 발효한 참도박은 항염효과를 가진 피부수렴용 화장품 소재로 유용하다.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.269-277
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• 2019

Seaweed extracts, namely carrageenan obtained from Grateloupia elliptica and algin obtained from Laminaria, were employed as adhesive agents to synthesize solid adhesives for paper. Carrageenan from Grateloupia elliptica with the highest adhesive strength and lgin from Laminaria with the highest compressive strength was selected. The selected carrageenan and algin were mixed in a ratio of 7:3, and the mixture was employed as an adhesive agent. At a high temperature, sodium stearate(used as a solidifying material) oxidized the seaweed extracts. Consequently, carrageenan and algin were added to the final manufacturing process. The adhesive strength of the final synthesized solid adhesive is found to be 3.02 MPa and the compressive strength is found to be 30.5 N. Compared to the adhesive strength (2.95 MPa) and compressive strength (30.11 N) of commercial solid adhesives, the obtained results indicate superior adhesion characteristics. Furthermore, the proposed adhesive is environment-friendly because the presence of volatile organic compounds, formaldehyde, and heavy metals(such as chromium, lead, and cadmium) were not detected. Moreover, when used, the flatness of paper was twice that of commercial solid paper adhesives. Hence, the proposed adhesive can provide excellent adhesion, stability, and usability.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.664-673
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• 2009

An intertidal marine benthic algal vegetation and vertical distribution at Youngil Bay, the eastern coast of Korea was investigated to clarify the community structure and vertical distribution by quadrat method from February 2003 to January 2009. Marine algae identified from the area were 152 species; 25 green, 38 brown and 89 red algae. The dominant species were Ulva spp., Ulva pertusa, Chaetomorpha moniligera, Undaria pinnatifida, Sargassum horneri, S. miyabei, S. thunbergii, Gelidium amansii, Corallina pilulifera, Grateloupia elliptica, G. filicina, Prionitis cornea, Chondrus ocellatus, Chondracanthus intermedia, Acrosorium polyneurum, Chondria crassicaulis, Polysiphonia morrowii and Symphyocladia latiuscula at study sites. The vertical distribution of intertidal marine algae was divided into three distinct zones. They were characterized by Porphyra spp. and Ulva spp. at the upper, Ulva spp. and Ulva pertusa at the middle, and Sargassum spp., Gelidium amansii, Grateloupia spp., Chondrus ocellatus and Chondria crassicaulis at the lower zones, respectively. Functional form group analysis showed that coarsely branched forms comprised 44.7% of the algal community, whereas thick leathery forms, sheet forms and filamentous forms comprised 6.6-25.7%. R/P, C/P and (R+C)/P values were 2.34, 0.66 and 3.00, respectively.