• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제16권12호
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• pp.4008-4023
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• 2022

Since machine learning was introduced into cross-site scripting (XSS) attack detection, many researchers have conducted related studies and achieved significant results, such as saving time and labor costs by not maintaining a rule database, which is required by traditional XSS attack detection methods. However, this topic came across some problems, such as poor generalization ability, significant false negative rate (FNR) and false positive rate (FPR). Moreover, the automatic clustering property of graph convolutional networks (GCN) has attracted the attention of researchers. In the field of natural language process (NLP), the results of graph embedding based on GCN are automatically clustered in space without any training, which means that text data can be classified just by the embedding process based on GCN. Previously, other methods required training with the help of labeled data after embedding to complete data classification. With the help of the GCN auto-clustering feature and labeled data, this research proposes an approach to detect XSS attacks (called GCNXSS) to mine the dependencies between the units that constitute an XSS payload. First, GCNXSS transforms a URL into a word homogeneous graph based on word co-occurrence relationships. Then, GCNXSS inputs the graph into the GCN model for graph embedding and gets the classification results. Experimental results show that GCNXSS achieved successful results with accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, FNR, FPR, and predicted time scores of 99.97%, 99.75%, 99.97%, 99.86%, 0.03%, 0.03%, and 0.0461ms. Compared with existing methods, GCNXSS has a lower FNR and FPR with stronger generalization ability.

• 한국지능시스템학회논문지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.123-129
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• 2007

On the Semantic Web, the content of the documents must be explicitly represented through metadata in order to enable contents-based inference. In this study, we propose a mechanism to convert the Conceptual Graph (CG) into Resource Description Framework (RDF). Quite a large number or representation languages for representing knowledge on the Web have been established over the last decade. Most of these researches are focused on design of independent knowledge description. On the Semantic Web, however, a knowledge conversion mechanism will be needed to exchange the knowledge used in independent devices. In this study, the CG could give an entire conceptual view of knowledge and RDF can represent that knowledge on the Semantic Web. Then the CG-based object oriented PROLOG could support the natural inference based on that knowledge. Therefore, our proposed knowledge conversion mechanism will be used in the designing of Semantic Web-based knowledge representation and inference systems.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제65권12호
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• pp.2069-2074
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• 2016

This paper presents a methodology based on evolutionary optimization for simultaneously optimizing design parameters of controller and components of plant. Genetic programming(GP) based bond graph model generation is adopted to open-ended search for the plant. Also GP is applied to represent the controller with a unified method. The formulations of simultaneous plant-controller design optimization problem and the description of solution techniques based on bond graph are derived. A feasible solutions for a plant/controller design using the simultaneous optimization methodology is illustrated.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.421-431
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• 2022

Concrete slab cracks monitoring of modern high-speed railway is important for safety and reliability of train operation, to prevent catastrophic failure, and to reduce maintenance costs. This paper proposes a curvature filtering improved crack detection method in concrete slabs of high-speed railway via graph-based anomalies calculation. Firstly, large curvature information contained in the images is extracted for the crack identification based on an improved curvature filtering method. Secondly, a graph-based model is developed for the image sub-blocks anomalies calculation where the baseline of the sub-blocks is acquired by crack-free samples. Once the anomaly is large than the acquired baseline, the sub-block is considered as crack-contained block. The experimental results indicate that the proposed method performs better than convolutional neural network method even under different curvature structures and illumination conditions. This work therefore provides a useful tool for concrete slabs crack detection and is broadly applicable to variety of infrastructure systems.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.9-14
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• 2022

각종 기기들이 연결되는 사물인터넷(internet of things) 시스템에서 중요한 부품의 고장은 경제적, 인명의 손실을 야기할 수 있다. 시스템 내에서 발생하는 고장으로 인한 손실을 줄이기 위해 고장 검진 기술이 IoT에서 중요한 기술로써 여겨지고 있다. 본 논문에서는 그래프 신경망 기반 방법을 사용하여 시스템 내의 설비에서 취득된 진동 데이터의 특징을 추출하여 고장 여부를 판단하고 유형을 분류하는 방법을 제안한다. 딥러닝 모델의 학습을 위해, CWRU(case western reserve university)에서 취득된 고장 데이터 셋을 입력 데이터로 사용한다. 제안하는 모델의 분류 정확도 성능을 확인하기 위해 기존 제안된 합성곱 신경망(convolutional neural networks) 기반 분류 모델과 제안된 모델을 비교한다. 시뮬레이션 결과, 제안된 모델은 불균등하게 나누어진 데이터에서 기존 모델보다 분류 정확도를 약 5% 향상 시킬 수 있는 것을 확인하였다. 이후 연구로, 제안하는 모델을 경량화해서 분류 속도를 개선할 예정이다.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.714-723
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• 2016

Considerable attention has been given to processing graph data in recent years. An efficient method for computing the node proximity is one of the most challenging problems for many applications such as recommendation systems and social networks. Regarding large-scale, mutable datasets and user queries, top-k query processing has gained significant interest. This paper presents a novel method to find top-k answers in a node proximity search based on the well-known measure, Personalized PageRank (PPR). First, we introduce a distribution state transition graph (DSTG) to depict iterative steps for solving the PPR equation. Second, we propose a weight distribution model of a DSTG to capture the states of intermediate PPR scores and their distribution. Using a DSTG, we can selectively follow and compare multiple random paths with different lengths to find the most promising nodes. Moreover, we prove that the results of our method are equivalent to the PPR results. Comparative performance studies using two real datasets clearly show that our method is practical and accurate.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제5권5호
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• pp.73-85
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• 1997

An automatic transmission is an important element of automotive power systems that allows a driving convenience. Compared to a manual transmission, however, it has a few problems in efficiency, shift feel, and maintenance. To improve these, it is imperative to understand the dynamics of automatic transmissions. This paper develops a dynamically-correct model of an automatic transmission, using the bond graph method. The bond graph method is ideally suited for modeling power systems, because the method is based on generalized power variables. The bond graph method is capable of providing correct dynamic constraints and kinematic constraints, as well as the governing differential equations of motion. The bond graph method is applied to 1-4 in-gear ranges, as well as various upshifts and downshifts of an automatic transmission, which allows an accurate simulation of an automatic transmission. Conventional automatic transmission models have no dynamic constraint, which do not allow correct simulation studies.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.79-86
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• 2001

본 연구에서는 수작업으로 행해지는 블록 어셈블리 순서 결정과 같은 조선 공정계획을 자동화 하기 위하여 선박의 어셈블리 모델을, 그래프 이론을 기반으로, 기하, 관계, 순서 및 계층의 4단계 모델로 구성하는 방법을 제안하였다. 기하모델은 CAD로부터 입력받는 부품들의 기하형상에 일부 속성 값(판부재, 보강재)을 부가한 것이다. 어셈블리 부품간 연결관계를 연결관계를 표현하기 위한 관계 모델을 기하 모델의 곡면간 교차계산을 통해 생성하고, 블록 어셈블리 순서와 구성관계를 나타내기 위해, 관계 모델로부터 그래프 알고리즘과 조선소의 조립 방법을 그래프 탐색 규칙으로 사용해서, 순서모델을 생성하였으며, 이를 위상정렬하여 어셈블리 계층 및 부품 리스트를 표현하는 계층모델을 생성하였다. 끝으로 위에서 제안한 4단계에 따라 Single type, double bottom type과 같은 대표적인 블록 어셈블리 모델을 대상으로 본 연구에서 제안한 방법의 타당성을 검증하였다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.731-744
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• 2023

Vehicle load information is an important role in operating and ensuring the structural health of cable-stayed bridges. In this regard, an efficient and economic method is proposed for vehicle load detection based on the observed cable tension and vehicle position using a graph neural network (GNN). Datasets are first generated using the practical advanced analysis program (PAAP), a robust program for modeling and considering both geometric and material nonlinearities of bridge structures subjected to vehicle load with low computational costs. With the superiority of GNN, the proposed model is demonstrated to precisely capture complex nonlinear correlations between the input features and vehicle load in the output. Four popular machine learning methods including artificial neural network (ANN), decision tree (DT), random forest (RF), and support vector machines (SVM) are refereed in a comparison. A case study of a cable-stayed bridge with the typical truck is considered to evaluate the model's performance. The results demonstrate that the GNN-based model provides high accuracy and efficiency in prediction with satisfactory correlation coefficients, efficient determination values, and very small errors; and is a novel approach for vehicle load detection with the input data of the existing monitoring system.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.465-475
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• 2018

최근 소셜 미디어, IoT 등에 대한 활용이 증가됨에 따라 대용량의 그래프 스트림이 생성되고 있으며 그래프 스트림을 실시간으로 처리하기 위한 많은 연구들이 진행되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 그래프가 지속적으로 변경될 때 이전 결과 데이터를 재사용하는 점진적인 그래프 스트림 처리 기법을 제안한다. 또한, 점진적 처리와 정적인 처리를 선택적으로 수행하기 위한 비용 모델을 제안한다. 제안하는 비용 모델은 실제 처리된 이력을 바탕으로 재계산 영역의 탐색 비용 및 처리 비용의 예측 값을 계산하여 점진적 처리가 정적인 처리보다 이득인 경우 점진적 처리를 수행한다. 제안하는 점진적 처리는 그래프 갱신이 발생하면 변경되는 부분만을 처리하여 효율성을 증가시킨다. 또한, 변경되는 부분의 이전 결과 데이터만을 수집하여 점진적인 처리를 수행함으로써 디스크 I/O 비용을 감소시킨다. 다양한 성능평가를 통해 제안하는 기법이 기존 기법에 비해 성능이 우수함을 보인다.