• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.244-248
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• 1987

Attempts were made to enumerate the number of Gram positive and negative bacteria in the development of natural fermentation rapidly and simultaneously. A general Gram stain was applied to this study. The number of cells by Gram stain was proportional to the cell turbidity by spectrophotometer within a range of 0.7 absorbance at 610nm. The cells washed out during procedures were not exceeded about 8 percentage. The standard error of separate counts in the mixture of Cscherichia coli and Micrococcus luteus was $5.1\pm2.3$%. The possible range of counting was $5.5\times 10^{7}-1.0\times 10^{9}$ cells/ml. Therefore, it is believed that a general Gram stain could be applied to the separate counting of mixture of Fram positive and negative bacterial populations too. In practice, growth kinetics of hemp retting and Kimchi fermentation were presented.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.267-273
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• 2002

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common domiciliary and nosocomial bacterial infections prevalent in both males and females. UTI is diagnosed on the basis of clinical symptoms, microscopy and culture of urine. In order to evaluate the efficacy of microscopic detection for presumptive diagnosis of UTI we analyzed urine samples of Nepalese patients. We have conducted Gram staining and counting of pus cells, red blood cells (RBC) and epithelial cells. We observed that RBC and epithelial cell counts were not sensitive enough to be used for presumptive diagnosis of UTI. However, pus cell counts as well as Gram stain are sensitive and significant enough to presume UTI. When the Gram stain result was compared with the culture result, it was statistically significant. From this, we suggest that Gram stain of centrifuged urine is a very sensitive screening method to detect bacteriuria. In addition, we found that E. coli was the most predominant microorganism causing UTI and nitrofurantoin was the most effective antibiotic against the isolated urinary pathogens.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.495-499
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• 2004

Because the education system that based on objective data is needed for the beginning technologists in the department of medicine laboratory, development of the CAI system based on Gram-Stain images is needed in clinical microbiology field. So, in this study, we implemented CAI system based on Gram-Stain images for medical technologists under Web using multimedia toolbook. Because this system is implemented under Web, more and more beginning technologists can have a remote-education beyond time and space, can save human power and time that needed due to hold in common of educational information, and cannot learn mistaken microbiology images because of learning execution based on objective data. Also, implemented system brings a higher interest and a learning effect to medical technologies because of hyper-media method that offered from toolbook. In the future, it will be needed a continuous acceptance of changing knowledge and it will be useful system for technologist in case of applying various examinations based Gram-Stain method of this study.

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.148-156
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• 1989

This investigation was performed in eutrophic lake within the framework of a series of studies to evaluate the significance of gram reaction for both bacterioplankton and attached bacteria in the dynamics of organic materials at various aquatic ecosystems. In Lake Kasumigaura as a representative of the highly eutrophic freshwater environments, the gram-stain characteristics of the bacterial community changed with the influx of pulses of phytoplankton, as those in the meso trophic environments. The predominency of the gram-negative forms in the bacterial community was about 57% for bacterioplankton and about 53% for attached bacteria. The statistical analysis of the difference of these two distributions showed that these communites were different. Both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria attached to particles were shown to effect the formation and degradation of particulate organic matter. Gram-negative bacteria plankton participate exclusively in the dynamics of dissolved organic matter.

• Journal of Species Research
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.222-230
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• 2018

Six bacterial strains 18JY42-3, 18SH, 18JY76-11, 17J11-11, 18JY14-14, and 18JY15-11 assigned to the phylum Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria were isolated from soil samples in Korea. The Cohnella species, strain 18JY42-3 was Gram-stain-positive, short rod-shaped and beige-colored. The Methylobacterium species, strains 18SH and 18JY76-11 were Gram-stain-negative, short rod-shaped and pink-colored. The Microterricola species, strain 17J11-11 was Gram-stain-positive, short rod-shaped and yellow-colored. The Paenarthrobacter species, strains 18JY14-14 and 18JY15-11 were Gram-stain-positive, short rod-shaped and white-colored. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strains 18JY42-3, 18SH, 18JY76-11, 17J11-11, 18JY14-14, and 18JY15-11 were most closely related Cohnella rhizosphaerae (MH497628; 98.8%), Methylobacterium goesingense (MH497632; 99.1%), Methylobacterium populi (MH497635; 99.9%), Microterricolagilva (MH504108; 98.4%), Paenarthrobacter nicotinovorans (MH497641; 100%), and Paenarthrobacter nitroguajacolicus (MH497646; 99.2%), respectively. All the six unrecorded strains showed resistance to UV radiation. This is the first report of these six species in Korea.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.211-213
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• 1990

To test flavonoids for antibacterial activity against oral micraorganisms, flavonoids, quercetrin and naringenin, were incorporated into two pharmaceutical preparations in the form of tooth paste. Samplees of dental plaque, the msot accused dental deposit which initiates the gingival and periodental diseases, were collected from the teeth surface of ten dental students at one week interval before and after using placebo, followed by two formulae of tooth paste containing 0.1% of quercetrin and naringenin (formulas I and II, respectively). The amount of dental plaque was assessed by the quigley and Hens index. Then plaque samples were subjected to bacteriological examination of Gram stain and plate counts of microorganisms. The amount of dental plaque was assessed by the Quigley and Hens index. Then plaque samples were subjected to bacteriological examination of Gram stain and plate counts of microorganisms. The results revealed that most of Gram negative cocci and bacilli were highly affected by the two formulae : the number of actinomycetes were decreased after using formula I and disappeared completely by the sue of formula II, while the number of Gram positive streptococci was highly decreased after the treatment with the two formulae. These results indicate a possible use of flavonoids to inhibit dental plaque formation.

• Journal of Species Research
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.176-190
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• 2019

A total of 38 bacterial strains within the classes Bacilli and Deinococci were isolated from various sources in Korea. Samples were collected from animal intestine, urine, soil, tidal flat mud, and kimchi. In the sequence comparison and phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA sequences, the 38 isolates were assigned to the classes Bacilli and Deinococci with sequence similarities more than 98.7%. Twenty-four strains and 13 strains were classified the order Bacillales and Lactobacillales in the class Bacilli, respectively. In the order Bacillales, there were nine species in the genus Bacillus, seven species in the genus Paenibacillus, and the remaining eight species in the genera Domibacillus, Halobacillus, Virgibacillus, Lysinibacillus, Paenisporosarcina, Planococcus, Savagea, and Staphylococcus. In the order Lactobacillales, there were four species in the genus Lactobacillus, three species in the genus Leuconostoc, three species in the genus Lactococcus, and the remaining three species in the genera Aerococcus, Enterococcus, and Streptococcus. One species was related to the genus Deinococcus of the order Deinococcales. Most of the isolated strains were Gram-stain-positive, but some were Gram-stain-variable or Gram-stain-negative. Cells were rod or cocci-shaped. Based on the results of 16S rRNA analysis, we report 38 strains as previously unrecorded species to Korea, and the basic characteristics of strains are described herein.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.45-51
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• 2004

The number of development in educational software is currently decreasing despite rapid improvement in computer technology. This is partly due to the fact that the current software relies on the conventional hypermedia method or on the hierarchical method, both of which have inherent limitations. To compensate their limitations while keeping their merits, a hybrid method called the structured hypermedia link method has recently been proposed in the literature. It has been found that the structured hypermedia link method is far superior than the conventional methods in terms of educational effectiveness because it can help a learner to search various data by navigating between the study topics on his own while maintaining his level of cognitively overloaded stress to the minimum. The clinical microbiology laboratories were chosen as the candidate site for this study because its educational system has not been standardized and has been relying heavily on the personal experience. In this study, the hypermedia link method was applied to the development of an education system for the image analysis in clinical microbiology laboratories. For this purpose, a web-based computer aided instruction(CAI) program was designed to systematically organize the Gram stain method based on the standardized image data. In the future, CAI program must be intended to educate for beginner and developed to accept for variable knowledge. And it will be useful program for technicians in case of applying various examinations based Gram stain method of this study.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.314-327
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• 1999

This study was investigated to isolate identify the total bacteria and fungi from the indoor air of work-place of the shoes, paint, stainless steel, and plastic industries. The number of bacterial colonies on the nutrient agar plates were calculated by the open petridish method for 30 minutes in indoor air of work-places at the autumn and winter. The isolated bacteria were identified by Gram stain and biochemical test using API Staph and API 20E kits. The isolated fungal colonies were identified by gross appearance of the giant colonies and microscopic examination of their spore and hyphal characteristics on the slide culture method. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of several antibiotics against isolated bacteria was determined by the microdilution method with Mueller-Hinton broth. The 70-400 colonies in autumn and 54-236 colonies in winter were isolated from the indoor air of work-places of several industry. The isolation rates of Gram positive cocci, Gram positive bacilli, Gram negative bacilli, and Gram negative cocci were 46.3%, 19.8%, 17.3%, and 16.1%, respectively. In Gram positive cocci, the most strains were identified as Aerococcus spp, Micrococcus spp, and Staphylococcus spp. In Gram positive and negative bacilli, and Gram negative cocci were identified as Bacillus spp, Pseudomonas spp, and Neisseria spp, respectively. The frequently isolated fungi were Aspergillus spp, Penicillium spp and Rhizopus spp, respectively. The frequently isolated Aerococcus spp, Micrococcus spp, and Staphylococus spp were highly resistance against ampicillin, erythromycin, methicillin, and tetracycline. These results arouse our attention to microbiologic pollution in the indoor air of work-places of industries.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.91-95
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• 1998

Cellulase producing microorganisms, GPC-1, GPC-2, GNR-1 GNR-2, and GNR-3, were screened from the Rumen fluid of Korean Native Cattle. Isolated GPC-1 and GPC-2 were identified as Ruminococcus sp. according to results of the Gram stain and anaerobic characteristics. Based on morphological and physicochemical identification, the isolate GPC-1 and GPC-2 were identified as strains of Ruminococcus albus and Ruminococcus flavefaciens, respectively. Isolated GNR-1 GNR-2 and GNR-3 were identified as Bacteroides sp., Butyrivibrio sp. and Clostridium sp. according to results of the Gram stain, $H_2S$ producition and spore formation, respectively. Based on morphological and physicochemical identification, the isolate GNR-1 GNR-2 and GNR-3 were identified as strains of Bacteroides succinogenes, Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens and Clostridium cellobioparum, respectively.