• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.391-397
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• 1997

Six medium-framed steers, fitted with ruminal cannulas, were utilized in a $6{\times}6$ Latin square design with a $3{\times}2$ arrangement of treatments to determine the effects of sorghum hybrid and grain supplementation on nutrient digestibilities and passage rates and ruminal metabolism of silage-based diets fed to growing steers. The diets consisted of three wholes-plant silages (a high grain-containing, grain sorghum and middle-season, moderate grain-containing, and late-season, low grain-containing forage sorghums), each fed with or without 25% rolled grain sorghum. No significant interactions occurred between sorghum hybrid and grain supplementation for the digestion or passage rate criteria measured. Ruminal butyrate concentration was the only fermentation characteristic affected by a hybrid ${\times}$ grain supplementation interaction. The grain sorghum silage diets had the highest DM, OM, and ADF digestibilities; the late-season silage diets, the lowest. Digestibility of NDF tended to be highest (p < 0.10) for the grain sorghum silage, whereas starch digestibility was not affected by sorghum hybrid. Ruminal ammonia, acetate, propionate, butyrate, and total VFA concentrations were highest for the grain sorghum silage diets. Grain supplementation increased DM and OM digestibilities, but had no effect on digestibilities of NDF, ADF, and starch. Ruminal pH was decreased, but total VFA concentration and acetate : propionate ratio were not affected by grain supplementation.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제39권11호
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• pp.1695-1699
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 황금찰수수의 도정분획별 메탄올 추출물의 항산화성분과 항산화활성을 비교 분석하고자 하였다. 항산화성분으로 총 polyphenol, flavonoid, tannin, anthocyanin 및 proanthocyanidin 함량을 측정하였으며, 항산화활성은 ABTS와 DPPH radical 소거활성을 측정하였다. 추출수율은 각각 수수의 hull, bran 및 grain으로 구분하여 80% 메탄올로 추출하여 용매를 완전히 제거한 후 수율을 측정한 결과 9.95, 19.05 및 2.94%로 나타났다. 메탄올 추출물의 추출수율은 hull, bran 및 grain층에서 각각 9.95, 19.05 및 2.94%의 수율을 보였다. 실험결과 bran의 추출물이 hull이나 grain 추출물보다 높은 함량의 항산화성분을 함유하고 있는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 이러한 항산화성분이 다량 분포하는 bran 추출물이 ABTS와 DPPH radical 소거활성이 각각 66.37 및 36.56 mg TE/g sample으로 나타나 hull이나 grain 추출물보다 우수한 항산화활성을 가지는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구결과 수수의 bran은 기능성식품 제조에 있어 좋은 소재로 활용가능성이 높을 것으로 예상된다.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제19권spc호
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• pp.144-147
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• 2011

The main nutritional problem of sorghum${\times}$sudangrass hybrid (Sorghum bicolor${\times}$Sorghum sudanese) silage is low quality and palatability. This experiment was conducted to evaluate whether organic com grain and crushed rice addition of sorghum${\times}$sudangrass hybrid silage increases forage quality of the silage. The sorghum${\times}$sudangrass hybrid silages with added com grain and crushed rice were similar to conventional com silage in moisture content. However organic sorghum${\times}$sudangrass hybrid silage had low pH values. Silage added with gain and byproduct had higher crude ash, acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) contents than control com silages, while its non-fiber carbohydrate (NFC) and total digestible nutrients (TDN) showed the opposite results. Lactic acid, butyric acid and lactic percentage of total organic acid (L/T) of sorghum${\times}$sudangrass hybrid silages were higher than those of com silage, but acetic acid was higher than control. In vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of com silage was higher than other sorghum silages. Feed intake of sorghum${\times}$sudangrass hybrid silage added with crushed rice was highest among silages. Therefore, these data indicate that crushed rice and com grain added sorghum${\times}$sudangrass hybrid silage could be recommended as the most effective treatment for increasing silage quality and palatability.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권10호
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• pp.1575-1579
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• 2007

The glucose tolerance and pancreatic insulin secretion response to glucose in sheep fed on germinated sorghum grain were determined using an intravenous glucose load. Twelve male Thin Tail sheep (an Indonesian native sheep, 12 months old and 14.8 kg average body weight) were divided randomly into sorghum grain-based (S), germinated sorghum grain-based (G) and maize grain-based (C) diets. Sheep were maintained at the same daily intake levels of metabolizable energy and crude protein in the diets throughout the experimental period. After two months of the experimental conditions, each diet group was subjected to an intravenous glucose load experiment in which five doses of glucose (0, 10, 20, 40 and 80 mg/kg BW) were injected to estimate the rate of glucose removal from blood and the pancreatic insulin secretion response. For each sheep and each glucose load dose, the incremental blood serum glucose and insulin concentrations above pre-injection concentration were calculated as serum glucose and insulin response areas. At all glucose doses, sheep fed on S diet had a greater (p<0.05) glucose response area compared to those of sheep fed on G and C diets. Likewise at all glucose doses, the insulin response area was smaller (p<0.05) in sheep fed on S diet than in sheep fed on G and C diets. The glucose and insulin response areas in sheep fed on G and C diets differed slightly. It was concluded that the portion of maize grain in the ruminant ration could be substituted by germinated sorghum grain.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.210-210
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• 2017

Sorghum is rich source of various phytochemicals including phenolic acids that have potential to significantly impact human health. Phytochemical production may be induced by not only genotype but a number of environmental factors including temperatures and amount of sunshine. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of planting date and harvesting stage on the agronomic and quality traits of 'Donganme' grain sorghum variety developed to produce high antioxidant activity. 'Donganme' were planted in three locations at four dates from early May to early July. Each planted fractions were harvested five times 35, 40, 45, 50, 55 days after head shooting date, respectively. Significant difference existed between the growth period and the agronomic traits. The interaction effects planting date and harvesting date was significant for plant height, tiller production, grain yield and antioxidant activity, indicating that low temperature and integrated sunshine influence on that traits. The result showed that antioxidant activity production occurred when the sorghum crop was grown in late season although the yield is lower. To produce antioxidant activity from sorghum grain need to consider the relation between the yield and nutrition component simultaneously.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.97-103
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• 1998

제초제 alachlor와 metolachlor가 처리된 수수의 생장에 대한 약해경감제 fluxofenim의 약해 경감효과와 경감기작의 하나로 추정되는 GST 활성에 대하여 조사하였다. 제초제 metolachlor와 alachlor는 수수(품종;G522DR)의 유묘생장을 크게 억제하였는데, 지상부 및 뿌리에 대한 50% 생장억제 농도가 각각 30.8, 28.8 ${\mu}M$과 4.48, 6.23 ${\mu}M$로 두 약제 모두 수수의 지상부에 대한 억제보다 뿌리에 대한 억제가 컸다. Fluxofenim을 종자에 처리하여 파종하고 metolachlor또는 alachlor을 처리하면 수수의 유묘생장이 회복되어 fluxofenim처리에 의한 약해경감 효과가 크게 나타났다. 약해경감제 fluxofenim을 처리한 것과 처리하지 않은 수수 유묘로부터 추출한 GST의 활성을 비교한 결과, fluxofenim을 처리한 수수의 유묘로부터 추출한 GST의 활성이 CDNB를 기질로 사용하였을때 70% 증가되었고, [$^{14}C$]-metolachlor을 기질로 사용하였을 때에도 82% 증가되었다. 따라서 약해경감제 fluxofenim을 처리한 수수와 처리하지 않은 수수의 metolachlor또는 alachlor에 대한 선택성의 차이는 fluxofenim 처리로 증가된 GST에 의한 metolachlor-glutathione 또는 alachlor-glutathione conjugation되기 때문인 것으로 생각된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권8호
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• pp.1186-1190
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• 2002

One hundred and twenty nine primiparous sows were used to determine the effects of alternative processing procedures and feeding systems on the nutritional value of sorghum grain-based diets for lactating sows. Treatments were a ground sorghum control, steam-flaked sorghum and extruded sorghum fed in meal form and the ground sorghum control given as pellets or gruel (1:1 ratio of water and feed on a volume:volume basis). Average daily feed intake was greater for sows fed pelleted and gruel diet forms than sow fed the diets with steam-flaked and extruded sorghum (p<0.04). However, no differences occurred in sow weight or backfat losses among the treatments (p>0.14). Number of pigs weaned and livability rates were similar among treatments except that steam-flaked sorghum supported greater litter weight gains than extruded sorghum (p<0.02). Apparent digestibilities of DM, N and GE in sows fed steam-flaked and extruded sorghum were greater (p<0.001) than in sows fed pelleted or gruel diets. Of the various treatments, sows fed extruded sorghum tended to have the highest digestibilities of DM, N and GE, and lowest excretions of DM and N in the faeces. Severity of ulceration was not significantly affected by treatments (p>0.35), but keratinization was greatest for sows fed extruded sorghum (p<0.01). In conclusion, the alternative processing methods (steam-flaking and extrusion) and feeding system (pellets and gruel) had little effect on sow and litter performance. However, nutrient digestibilities were improved for all treatments that involved heating (steam flaking, extrusion and pelleting) and, thus, these treatments resulted in less fecal excretion of DM and N.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.296-302
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• 2018

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine appropriate threshing and selection conditions for sorghum harvesting using a rice combine-harvester. Methods: Sorghum harvesting performance was tested using an actual rice combine. Through this test, the grain loss rate and the composition of crops according to the engine and fan speeds of the combine were investigated. Furthermore, the optimal threshing and selection conditions were determined by carrying out a harvest test based on the opening size factor of the concave in a test field. Results: The grain loss rate for the sorghum using a concave ($18{\times}18mm$) of the rice combine was the lowest at 0.1% at a chaffer angle of $40^{\circ}$, engine speed of 2000 rpm, and fan speed of 20 m/s, but the sorting sieve clogged frequently. Furthermore, as the engine speed and fan speed increased, the grain loss rate also increased. The sorghum harvesting test results of the combine according to the concave opening size showed that the grain loss rate was 0.5% at a driving speed of 0.5 m/s, with a concave opening diameter of 13 mm, a chaffer angle of $40^{\circ}$, a concave sieve oscillation frequency of 4.8 Hz, a fan speed of 20 m/s, and an engine speed of 2000 rpm. Conclusions: Findings showed that sorghum could be harvested using a head feeding rice combine.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.565-572
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• 1999

Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of conditioning (conventional vs expander) corn- and sorghum-based diets on production traits for lactating sows and finishing pigs. In Exp. 1, one hundred sixty-eight sows (parity 1-4, PIC line C15) were fed the corn or sorghum grain diets as a meal, standard (steam) conditioned pellets, or expanded pellets to give a $2{\times}3$ factorial arrangement of treatments. Pellet durability index (PDD was similar for the sorghum- vs corn-based diets, but increased when diets were expanded pellets for both corn- and sorghum-based diets. The corn-based meal diet supported 3.3% greater litter weight gain than the sorghum-based meal diet (44.0 kg vs 42.8 kg). However, the advantage for the corn-based diet disappeared with expander processing (ie., sows fed the sorghum-based diet responded more to diets processed with the alternative processing technology). Sow weight change during lactation was similar (p>0.15) among treatments, although average daily feed intake tended to be greater (p<0.09) for the sows fed sorghum. For Exp. 2, a total of 71 barrows (average initial weight of 58.0 kg) were used in a growth assay to determine the effects of feeding com- and sorghum-based diets, as meal or pellets, after processing with a conventional steam conditioner or an expander (high-shear) conditioner. PDI was not different for the sorghum- vs corn-based diets, but increased from 84 to 95% with expander conditioning compared to conventional steam conditioning. Rate and efficiency of gain, and carcass leanness were similar for pigs fed sorghum and corn (p>0.15). Efficiency of gain was greater (p<0.04) for pigs fed the pelleted (356 g/kg) diets compared to those given the meal (348 g/kg) diets. However, efficiencies of gain were similar (p>0.11) for pigs fed the conventional- and expander-conditioned diets. Pelleting increased (p<0.01) the incidence and severity of stomach lesions regardless of grain type. In conclusion, corn-based meal diet resulted in a greater litter weight gain than the sorghum-based meal diet. However, that advantage disappeared when the diets were expanded and pelleted. Finishing pigs fed pelleted diets were more efficient than those fed meal diets.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.142-148
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• 2013

국내의 수수재배는 주로 소면적으로 이루어지며, 대부분 식용이나 사료용으로 사용되고 있다. 2007년부터 2009년까지 전국의 수수 재배 포장을 조사한 결과, 이삭에 곰팡이가 발생하는 증상을 다수 관찰하였다. 병징은 매우 다양한데, 심하게 감염된 이삭의 경우 곰팡이가 발생하였고, 부분적으로 감염된 경우에는 수수 종실이 변색되거나 불임립이 형성되었다. 총 90개의 Fusarium균을 분리하였으며, 형태적 배양적 특성 조사에 의한 동정 결과, F. thapsinum이 41개, F. proliferatum이 23개, F. graminearum이 12개 분리되었으며, F. incarnatum과 F. equiseti가 각각 5개, 3개 분리되었다. Elongation factor 1 alpha 유전자의 염기분석을 이용한 계통분석 결과, 대부분이 NCBI GenBank에 등록된 각 유전자와 일치하는 결과를 나타냈다. 분리된 병원균의 병원성 검정 결과, 우점종인 F. thapsinum, F. proliferatum, F. graminearum종이 병원성이 강한 것으로 조사되었다. 이 연구는 Fusarium균에 의해 발생한 수수 이삭곰팡이증상에 대한 첫 번째 보고이다.