• Acta Via Serica
• /
• 제7권2호
• /
• pp.133-152
• /
• 2022

Both in popular perception and specialized literature, the Achaemenid Empire, for over two centuries the most important player from the Aegean to the Indus, is rarely evoked in correlation with the complex of socio-cultural dynamics which shaped the spaces of what has become known as the Silk Road(s). Building on the case study of the Pazyryk carpet on the one hand (King 2021, 353-361, Linduff and Rubinson 2021, 88-97), and of the spread of an artistic motive such as the quatrefoil on the other (Kim 2021), this paper explores the rich and complex nature of the commercial networks that flourished across Central Asia under the aegis of Achaemenid Great Kings. Both archaeological and literary evidence shall be discussed (especially the Aramaic Documents from Ancient Bactria: Naveh and Shaked 2012, and now King 2021, 315-320). If taken together and read against the grain, such material is significant for the following reasons. First, it suggests the existence - and the scale - of commercial activities directly fostered or indirectly promoted by the imperial administration in Central Asia, an area of crucial importance within the Achaemenid domains, but for which our evidence is rather scanty and difficult to assess. Second, it shows how the Achaemenid "Imperial Paradigm" (Henkelman 2017) affected the social and economic landscape of Central Asia even after the demise of the Empire itself, thus considerably shaping the world of the Silk Road(s) a century before the Ancient Sogdian Letters (de la Vaissière 2005, 43-70) or Zhāng Quiān's famous report.

• 한국재료학회지
• /
• 제32권2호
• /
• pp.72-79
• /
• 2022

A cold roll-bonding process using AA1050, AA5052 and AA6061 alloy sheets is performed without lubrication. The roll-bonded specimen is a multi-layer complex aluminum alloy sheet in which the AA1050, AA5052 and AA6061 sheets are alternately stacked. The microstructural evolution with the increase of annealing temperature for the roll-bonded aluminum sheet is investigated in detail. The roll-bonded aluminum sheet shows a typical deformation structure in which the grains are elongated in the rolling direction over all regions. However, microstructural evolution of the annealed specimen is different depending on the type of material, resulting in a heterogeneous microstructure in the thickness direction of the layered aluminum sheet. Complete recrystallization occurs at 250 ℃ in the AA5052 region, which is lower by 100K than that of the AA1050 region. Variation of the misorientation angle distribution and texture development with increase of annealing temperature also differ depending on the type of material. Differences of microstructural evolution between aluminum alloys with increase of annealing temperature can be mainly explained in terms of amounts of impurities and initial grain size.

• 한국토양비료학회지
• /
• 제27권3호
• /
• pp.226-231
• /
• 1994

벼 휴립세조건답직파(畦立細條乾畓直播) 재배(栽培)와 어린모 기계이앙 새배에서 피복요소 복합비교의 시비량을 달리하여 사양토(砂壤土)와 식양토(埴壤土)에서 벼의 생육(生育)과 미질(米質)에 미치는 효과를 검토하였다. 1. 피복요소가 처리된 토양에서 질소의 용출률(溶出率)은 직파의 경우 3.5개월째 사양토(砂壤土) 83%, 식양토(埴壤土) 81% 이었으며, 어린모 기계이앙의 경우 이앙후 4개월째 사양토(砂壤土), 식양토(埴壤土) 모두 89%이었다. 2. 벼 잎색도(色度)는 재배양식에 관계없이 출수기(出穗期) 때에 가장 높았고, 피복요소 복합비료 사용의 경우 시용량이 증가할 수록 높았으며, 특히 수확기(收穫期) 때에 100% 시용구에서 관행(慣行)시비구보다 높았다. 3. 완전미율(完全米率)은 직파재배보다 어린모 기계이앙 재배에서 높았으나, 피복요소 복합비료 사용의 경우 시용량이 증가할 수록 낮아졌다. 부완전미율(不完全米率)중 청미률(靑米率)은 직파재배에서 높았으며, 동할미율(胴割米率)은 어린모 기계이앙 재배에서 높았다. 한편, 심복백입율(心腹白粒率)은 어린모 기계이앙에서보다 직파에서 양토양 모두 낮았으며, 피복요소 복합비료의 시용량이 증가할수록 높았다. 4. 쌀의 Hon치(値)는 토성(土性)에 관계없이 직파재배에서 피복요소 복합비료 시용구가 관행(慣行) 시비구보다 높았으나, 어린모기계이앙 재배에서는 그 반대현상 이었고, 피복요소 복합비료 사용량간에는 시용량이 감소할수록 낮은 경향이었다. 또한 쌀의 단백질 함량도 Hon치(値)와 같은 경향을 나타내었다. 밥알의 호응집성(糊凝集性)은 재배양식에 관계없이 사양토(砂壤土)에서 피복요소 복합비료 시용량이 증가될수록 길어졌으나, 식양토(埴壤土)에서는 일정한 경향이 없었다. 5. 쌀수량(收量)은 직파재배의 경우 사양토(砂壤土)와 식양토(埴壤土)에서 모두 피복요소 복합비료 100~60% 수준 범위내에서 통계적(統計的) 유의성(有意性)이 없었으며, 이러한 결과는 식양토(埴壤土)의 어린모 기계이앙 재배에서 같은 경향을 나타내었다. 따라서 피복요소 복합비료의 시용량은 60% 수준까지 가능한 것으로 인정되었다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국식품저장유통학회 2002년도 창립 10주년 기념 국제학술심포지움
• /
• pp.54-63
• /
• 2002

Post-harvest technology for rice was focused on in-bin drying system, which consists of about 100, 000 facilities in 1980s. The modernized Rice Processing Complex (RPC) and Drying Storage Center (DSC) became popular for rice dry, storage, process and distribution from 1990s. However, the percentage of artificial drying for rice is 48% (2001) and the ability of bulk storage is about 15%. Therefore it is necessary to build enough drying and bulk storage facilities. The definition of high quality rice is to satisfy both good appearance and good taste. The index for good taste in rice is a below 7% of protein, 17-20% of amylose, 15.5-16.5% of moisture contents and high concentration of Mg and K. To obtain a high quality rice, it is absolutely needed to integrate high technologies including breeding program, cropping methods, harvesting time, drying, storing and processing methodologies. Generally, consumers prefer to rice retaining below b value of 5 in colorimetry, and the whiteness, the hardness and the moisture contents of rice are in order of consumer preference in rice quality. By selection of rice cultivars according to acceptable quality, the periods between harvesting time and drying reduced up to about 20 days. Therefore it is necessary to develop a low temperature grain drying system in order to (1) increase the rate of artificial rice drying up to 85%, (2) keep the drying temperature of below 45C, (3) maintain high quality in rice and (4) save energy consumption. Bulk storage facilities with low temperature storage system (7-15C) for rice using grain cooler should be built to reduce labor for handling and transportation and to keep a quality of rice. In the cooled rice, there is no loss of grain quality due to respiration, insect and microorganism, which results in high quality rice containing 16% of moisture contents all year round. In addition, introducing a low temperature milling system reduced the percentage of broken rice to 2% and increased the percentage of head rice to 3% because of proper hardness of grain. It has been noted that the broken rice and cracking reduced significantly by using low pressure milling and wet milling. Our mission for improving rice market competitiveness goes to (1) produce environment friendly, functional rice cultivars, (2) establish a grade standard of rice quality, (3) breed a new cultivar for consumer oriented and (4) extend the period of storage and shelf life of rice during postharvest.

• 천문학회보
• /
• 제46권2호
• /
• pp.37.3-38
• /
• 2021

One of the key questions on star formation is how the organic molecules are synthesized and delivered to the planets and comets since they are the building blocks of prebiotic molecules such as amino acid, which is thought to contribute to bringing life on Earth. Recent astrochemical models and experiments have explained that complex organic molecules (COMs; molecules composed of six or more atoms) are produced on the dust grain mantles in cold and dense gas in prestellar cores. However, the chemical networks and the roles of physical conditions on chemistry are not still understood well. To address this question, hot (> 100 K) cores in high mass young stellar objects (M > 8 Msun) are great laboratories due to their strong emissions and larger samples than those of low-mass counterparts. In addition, CH₃OH masers, which have been mostly found in high mass star forming regions, can provide constraints due to their very unique emerging mechanisms. We investigate twelve high mass star forming regions in ALMA band 6 observation. They are associated with 44/95 GHz Class I and 6.7 GHz Class II CH3OH masers, implying that the active accretion processes are ongoing. For these previously unresolved regions, 66 continuum peaks are detected. Among them, we found 28 cores emitting COMs and specified 10 cores associated with 6.7 GHz Class II CH3OH masers. The chemical diversity of COMs is found in cores in terms of richness and complexity; we identified up to 19 COMs including oxygen- and nitrogen-bearing molecules and their isotopologues in a core. Oxygen-bearing molecules appear to be abundant and more complex than nitrogen-bearing species. On the other hand, the COMs detection rate steeply grows with the gas column density, which can be attributed to the effective COMs formation in dense cores.

• 한국축산식품학회지
• /
• 제30권6호
• /
• pp.1007-1013
• /
• 2010

시험동물은 $68.77{\pm}0.10kg$인 3원 교잡종(Landrace${\times}$Yorkshire${\times}$Duroc) 비육돈 96두를 공시하였으며, 8주간 사양시험을 실시하였다. 시험설계는 1) corn-soybean meal diet, 2) corn-soybean meal diet + 0.05% enzyme complex, 3) cornsoybean meal diet with DDGS 및 4) corn-soybean meal diet with DDGS + 0.05% enzyme complex으로 4개 처리를 하여 처리당 6반복, 반복당 4두씩 완전임의 배치하였다. 등심의 pH는 DDGS를 함유한 두 처리구가 CON - Enzyme 처리구와 비교하여 유의적으로 증가하였다(p<0.01). 관능평가에 있어서 경도(Firmness)은 DDGS - Enzyme 처리구가 CON 처리구와 비교하여 유의적으로 증가하였으며(p<0.01), 육색에 있어서 $a^*$ 값은 DDGS를 함유한 두 처리구가 DDGS를 함유하지 않은 두 처리구와 비교하여 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 등심 및 등지방의 지방산 조성에서 총 UFA와 총 UFA/SFA는 DDGS를 함유한 처리구가 CON 처리구와 비교하여 유의적으로 높은 효과를 나타냈다(p<0.001). 결론적으로 DDGS 급여는 등심의 pH, 경도, 육색, 불포화 지방산 조성을 증가시켰으나, 복합 효소제 첨가 급여에 따른 육질의 변화는 크게 나타나지 않았다.

• Advances in materials Research
• /
• 제2권1호
• /
• pp.1-13
• /
• 2013

Lead-free compound $(Na_{0.5}Bi_{0.5})(Zr_{0.75}Ti_{0.25})O_3$ was prepared using conventional ceramic technique at $1070^{\circ}C$/4h in air atmosphere. X-ray diffraction analysis showed the formation of single-phase orthorhombic structure. Permittivity data showed low temperature coefficient of capacitance ($T_{CC}{\approx}5%$) up to $100^{\circ}C$. Complex impedance studies indicated the presence of grain boundary effect, non-Debye type dielectric relaxation and evidences of a negative temperature coefficient of resistance. The ac conductivity data were used to evaluate the density of states at Fermi level and apparent activation energy of the compound.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국전기전자재료학회 2002년도 춘계학술대회 논문집 센서 박막재료 반도체재료 기술교육
• /
• pp.107-110
• /
• 2002

The optical memory devices of BST thin films to composite $(Ba_{0.7}\;Sr_{0.3})TiO_{3}$ using sol-gel method were fabricated by changing of the depositing layer number on $Pt/Ti/SiO_{2}/Si$ substrate. The structural properties of optical memory devices to be ferroelectric was investigated by fractal analysis and 3-dimension image processing. The thickness of BST thin films at each coating numbers 3, 4 and 5 times was $2500[\AA]$, $3500[\AA]$ and $3800[\AA]$. BST thin films exhibited the most pronounced grain growth. The surface morphology image was roughness with coating numbers. The thin films increasing with coating numbers shows a more textured and complex configuration.

• 한국공작기계학회논문집
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.119-126
• /
• 2006

The finishing process of die requires the processing technique of a height efficiency and precision. Because the precision of die gives the quality of goods the influence directly. The hydro-static polishing device employs the hydro-static axis and is able to polish the structure of complex picture under the constant pressure and is got constant surface roughness at all polished plane. Therefore, In order to polish precision sculptured surface, it was used the hydro-static polishing device. Polishing device's polishing characteristic is estimated by polishing conditions which are size of abrasive, material of tools. And, because the surface quality of workpiece depends on polishing pattern which relates to motion of abrasive grain. The polishing characteristic according to polishing pattern was evaluated.

• 한국공작기계학회논문집
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.32-38
• /
• 2006

The magnetic fluid polishing technique can polish the tool of complex shape, because the polishing method which polishes as compress the workpiece by the magnetism abrasives to arrange to the linear according to the line of magnetic force. Therefore, we producted the magnetic fluid polishing device in order that mirror like finishing processes the tool surface. In order to a polishing condition selection, polishing characteristic was estimated by polishing conditions which are magnetic flux density, polishing speed, grain size, magnetic fluid. The tool was polished to the selected polishing condition. The result to evaluate the polished tool's performance with the cutting force and tool wear, the polished tool's performance was improved compared with the tool not to polish.