• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.159-168
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• 1976

Acrylic acid has been grafted onto nylon fabric with ceric salts and ${\gamma}$-rays from Co-60 as initiators. The distribution of molecular weight of the grafted polyacrylic acid has been determined and it was found that the ratio of weight-average and number-average molecular weight was higher in room temp. than in low temp. (-184$^{\circ}C$). The weight-average molecular weight of the polyacrylic acid was calculated from viscosity measurements in sodium hydroxide solution. The factors affecting graft polymerization of acrylic acid onto nylon were examined. A possible mechanism that the oxidation of nylon probably takes place at the methylene group attached to nitrogen to give a free-radical was discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.79-84
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• 1986

Methacrylic acid was graft polymerized with benzoyl peroxide in itiator onto the commercial PET film. Graft polymerization was carried out in emulsion, which consisted of BPO (1), chlorobenzene(8) as swelling agent, tween 80(1) and sodium lauryl sulfate(1) as emulsifier and water(1,000). Original PET film has poor reactivities and, so the film preswdled with benzyl alcohol($150^{\circ}C$, 1hr) was also examined. The graft yield of PET film was increased with reaction temperature and monomer concentration. The graft yield of preswelled PET film was higher than that of no-treated PET film. Moisture regain was linearly increased with graft yield. DSC thermodiagram showed the Tm of grafted PET film was same as that of original PET film. Grafted PET film was dyed with methylene blue solution. The photograph of the cross section showed that grafting was occured not at the center but near surfaces.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.154-160
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• 2003

Polypropylene nonwoven fabrics were grafted with acrylic acid by a preirradiation method by using electron beam accelerator. The effect of irradiation dose, storage time, concentration of acrylic acid, reaction temperature, reaction time and Mohr's salt concentration on the degree of grafting were investigated in detail. The grafted Polypropylene nonwoven fabrics were characterized using IR spectroscopy and SEM. The results showed that the degree of grafting increased with increasing absorbed dose and the Mohr's salt in the acrylic acid solution promoted grafting efficiency.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.395-401
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• 2011

MWNT/PMMA and MWNT/PDMAEMA nanocomposites were prepared using an atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). The FTIR and XRD analysis results showed that the nanocomposites were composed of MWNTs grafted by either PMMA(PMMA-g-MWNTs) or PDMAEMA(PDMAEMA-g-MWNTs). A controlled living radical polymerization of ATRP was characterized by the thermogram analysis for the nanocomposites. The morphologies of prepared nanocomposites were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy. Raman analysis results for the nanocomposites showed that there occurred covalent bonding between acrylic polymers and MWNTs.

• Journal of Radiation Industry
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.53-57
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• 2014

The kenaf is quickly developing as a renewable resource. Kenaf can be grown under a wide range of weather conditions. Modification of kenaf fiber by graft polymerization provides a significant route to alter the chemical properties, including surface hydrophilicity or hydrophobicity. In this study, kenaf fiber surfaces were grafted with acrylic acid as a hydrophilic group using electron beam irradiation. The grafting rate increased with an increase in grafting time. The FT-IR results confirmed that acrylic acid was successfully grafted onto the kenaf fibers. The wettability of the kenaf fiber was increased, accompanied by acylic acid grafting on the fiber surface. According to the permeability test result, it was found that acrylic acid grafted kenaf fiber reinforced cement composite was more reduced than non-grafted kenaf fiber reinforced cement composite.

• Journal of Radiation Industry
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.341-345
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• 2010

The surface functionalization of a fluoropolymer by ion beam-induced graft polymerization was described in this research. The surface of poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) films were irradiated by a 150 keV $H^+$ ions, and 4-vinyl pyridine (4VP) as a functional monomer was then thermally graft polymerized on the irradiated surface. The surface properties of poly(4-vinyl pyridine) (P4VP)-grafted PTFE films were investigated in terms of grafting degree, wettability, chemical structure, and morphology. The results revealed that the surface of PTFE films was successfully functionalized by ion beam-induced graft polymerization of 4VP.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.8-17
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• 1998

In this study we have examined electroless chemical plating on the plasma grafted poly [ethylene terephathalate］(PET) fabric in order to improve the interfacial adhesion between metal and fiber. The vapour phase of acrylic acid introduced on the PET surface and the graft polymerization was carried out by using cold plasma, resulting in the grafting yield of 0.8-1.3 wt％. The carboxyl group of the plasma grafted was identified by FT-IR-ATR spectra. The Interfacial adhesion was related to the carboxyl group. After electroless chemical plating of nickel, it showed that the more the carboxyl, the better the interfacial adhesion. Comparing to the untreated, the plasma grafted fabric showed fairly good interfacial adhesion(5B grade, ASTM D3359) . The shielding effect of electromagnetic wave showed 95dB. The shielding effect depends on the fabric structure, the surface structure, and the cross sectional shape of fibers. The dense fabric structure, the etched surface like a microcrater, and the trigonal cross sectional shape were prefered.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.378-381
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• 2014

We studied the pasteurization effect of the microorganism involved in the water, using ion-exchanging filter made of the Radiation Induced Grafted Polymerization. This ion-exchanging filter is made by the graft polymerization of GMA, after irradiation of electron beam to the non-woven filter. Then, we made the ion-exchanging filter (EtA, DEA, SS) applying ion-exchanging base to the GMA filter. As a result, the density of the ion-exchanging base is shown as 2.38 mol/kg in case of EtA, 1.79 mol/kg in case of DEA and 0.75 mol/kg in case of SS. Through this filter made by this method, we measured the pasteurization power of E. coli. We found very high elimination rate such as log 4.65 in case of SS-dial filter, which is higher as 3.00 times in comparison with EtA, and 1.10 times in comparison with DEA. This data show the result is very excellent comparing with 3,000 CFU/ml. of city water treatment basis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.13 no.1 s.29
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• pp.89-97
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• 1989

Graft polymerization of MMA onto cotton fiber was carried out in two ways, two step graft polymerization and one step emulsion graft polymerization, using tetravalent cerium ion as an initiator. At two step graft polymerization, the first step was the pretreatment of cotton fiber with an aqueous initiator solution and the second was the grafting pretreated cotton fiber in the monomer solution. In case of one step emulsion graft polymerization, MMA was emulsified with SLS in initiator solution. Under the various graft polymerization conditions, graft yield, graft efficiency and from the Arrhenius plot the apparent activation energy were compared. The results of this study were as follows: 1. Graft yield and graft efficiency of emulsion graft polymerization were higher than those of two step graft polymerization. 2. In case of two step graft polymerization, graft yield was affected by the pretreatment time of cotton fiber with an aqueous initiator solution. And graft yield of emulsion graft polymerization was increased with the concentration of emulsifier below cmc of SLS and was decreased thereafter. 3. Elevation of temperature resulted increase in graft yield for both grafting methods. The apparent activation energy of emulsion graft pelymerzation was lower than that of two step graft polymerization. 4. Increased reaction time increased in graft yield, but decreased in graft efficiency. 5. Moisture regain of grafted cotton was decreased with graft yield.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.32-40
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• 1992

Many studies have been carried out on the graft finishing in order to improve the quality of silk fiber. Various vinyl monomers, for instance, styrene, methylmethacrylate, 2-hydroxyeth-ylmethacrylate and methacrylamide, have been used practically up to date. Among these monomers, methacrylamide has been applied as the most favourable monomer onto silk fibers in recent years. The polymerization mechanism about styrene- and methylmethacrylate-grafted silk fiber has been studied by many researchers. They proposed that free radicals were formed and vinyl monomers were polymerized in silk fibroin by graft polymerization mechanism, while active sites were varied by the types of monomer and initiator as well as by the reaction condition. In general. there is another Opinion that monomers are polymerized and impregnated in the internal side of the fiber by homopolymerization, which has not been proved experimentally yet More than 10 years have been passed since methacrylamide was applied on the silk fiber, and at the present time most finishings are being achieved by methacrylamide. However, no attention has been paid to the polymerization mechanism of the methacrylamide-treated silk fiber yeL In this paper, the treatments of methacrylamide on silk fibers were studied in aqueous solution using potassium persulfate as an initiator. The polymerization mechanism of the methacrylamide-treated silk fibers was investigated and analyzed on the basis of the results of infrared spectroscopy, amino acid analysis and scanning electron microscopy. From the results of these instrumental analyses, it can be suggested that polymerization mechanism about the methacrylamide-treated silk fibers is not performed by graft polymerization which has been accepted generally in styrene and methylmethacrylate-grafted silk fibers. The different mechanism is supposed to be due to the difference in monomer types, initiator types and treatment conditions.