• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.209-217
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• 2011

Purpose: In this study, eye-health inequity was investigated by analyzing the relationship between household incomes and eye-health of senior citizens. Further, this study suggested the preliminary data for establishment of public eye-health policy in order to improve low income senior citizens' life quality. Methods: The data from the 2009 Survey of Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination were analyzed in this study. The objectives of the KNHNE survey were over 65 year old group (1,668 people). Main factors of eye-health (visual acuity, cataract, pterygium, intraocular pressure, retinophathy, age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinophathy, myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, and anisometropia prevalence) were analyzed with t-test and chi square test. Results: Low income group revealed that refractive error rate and intraocular pressure were low, however, naked eye visual acuity and corrected visual acuity were high at 0.1 to less than 0.5. On the other hands, in the high income group, there was high prevalence of hyperopia. Cataract mainly occurred at low income group besides group which maximum corrected visual acuity was below 0.8 also highly showed cataract. Moreover, the prevalence of cataract showed that it related with smoking, drinking, occupation, and education level. Conclusions: Results revealed that there was inequity of eye-health which related with socioeconomic status of the elderly. Especially, the prevalence of cataract was correlated with life quality. Consequently, establishment of public eye-health policy seems to be required for eye-health inequity of low income senior citizens.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.9-17
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• 2009

Twenty years have passed since the adoption of natural recreation forests and each forest has its own characteristics. However, there is hardly any classification among the natural recreation forests. The purpose of this study is to classify the forests by considering the supplier's perspective as well as the user's perspective in order to provide fundamental materials for the operation of the natural recreation forests. A factor analysis was conducted to identify the common characteristics of the selected twelve variables by pre-selection and survey of experts. K-means cluster analysis was conducted among those factors to classify the natural recreation forests in Korea. Four factors were drawn after the factor analysis and the factors were named according to the variables and sizes as 'The use performance and visiting condition factor', 'Education and settlement factor', 'Internal activation factor' and 'Potential factor' In addition, the cluster analysis of an $85{\times}4$ matrix was conducted for the points of the drawn factors and the final classification consists of five groups. The results of this study may contribute to providing fundamental materials for the operation and management of natural recreation forests. Also, it may act as a reference when investigating the natural recreation forests of Korea. Proposing the classification natural recreation forests could be helpful in selecting the proper recreation forest in the future. Based on the established model, fundamental materials could be provided to improve the profitability of the natural recreation forests by effectively expanding the number of tourists, creating new natural recreation forests and proper maintenance and management.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.21-37
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• 2014

The significant role of joint attention in the development of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has highlighted the importance of early intervention. With the emphasis on the effective cueing and reinforcer for orienting to social stimuli in improving responding to joint attention (RJA) of children with ASD, the use of musical cue was hypothesized. This study aimed to examine the occurrence of RJA behaviors depending on the attentional cue, which differed in the level of information and type of auditory modality. Nine children with ASD participated in this study. The use of eight different joint attention cues were analyzed in terms of the frequency and accuracy of RJA behaviors elicited. The results of the study showed that RJA behaviors occurred more frequently with musical cues than with verbal cues and the mean accuracy rate of RJA was higher with musical cues (p = .047). Musically delivered eliciting and directing cues accompanied with pointing elicited the highest attentional shift and RJA accuracy. The significant increases in RJA with the use of musical cues indicated that incorporating musical elements into an attentional cue may provide more accurate cue information, enough to improve RJA behaviors of children with autism.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.49-56
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to extract the evaluation factors and assess the relative importance between the factors. For this purpose, the evaluation factors were extracted through literature review and the process of brainstorming with experts, who are related to port security. The evaluation factors were then classified into four higher factors and twelve sub- factors through the use of the AHP method. A survey on the classified factors was conducted by experts composed of public officials, port authority employees and education institutions officials. We also carried out statistical tests to determine the perception gap of weights between the groups. As a result of a relative importance analysis of strength, the security operating system factor was highest, followed by improvement of hardware facilities and increase of security personnel. There was a difference in perception among the groups in policy support, facility support and personnel resources budget support. The results of the analysis show that the strength operating system through the establishment of an integrated monitoring system is a priority. It is necessary to understand the difference of perception between groups and build a systematic cooperation system. The evaluation factors extracted from this study can be used for the measurement of port security efficiency in further work.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.45-53
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to analyze the status of the joint forest project, which is one of the national forest management system, by using stakeholder participation, transparency of decision making, accountability of actors and stakeholders, The questionnaire survey was conducted using the 5 - point scale and the written form. As a result of the questionnaire survey, various stakeholder participation items had the highest opportunity to participate with an average of 3.3 and the lowest score with 2.3 points for establishing conflict and conflict resolution structures. Transparency was analyzed to be 3.4 points for the project disclosure, 2.7 points for information sharing and education promotion activities for local residents, 3.3 points for the detailed role of the project implementer, and 2.7 points for internal and external monitoring and evaluation of the project with various stakeholders. The results of this research, analyzed through the participatory forest management index, are deemed to be used as basic data for the establishment of a plan for the revitalization of national forest participation management.

• 한국노년학
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.825-846
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• 2019

This study aims to identify subgroups of ageism among young adults of age 20-39, and to examine its relationship to perceptions of generational conflict and elderly welfare policy. Latent Profile Analysis(LPA) was applied on the data 'Survey on Age Integration and Generational Integration', which was executed by institute for Age Integration Researchof Ewha Womans university, and descriptive statistics and cross-tabulation analysis were performed to examine the socio-demographic characteristics of each subgroup. Then, regression analysis was performed to observe the effect of the subgroups on the perceptions of generational conflict and elderly welfare policy. The results are as follows. The resulting subgroups of ageism among young adults were 'compound perception on aging and active age discrimination', 'medium-level aging anxiety and passive age discrimination', and 'low-level aging anxiety and beyond age discrimination'. Subgroups of ageism affected both perceptions of generational conflict and elderly welfare policy, whereas social support only affected perception of elderly welfare policy. Based on the results, political implications, such as activation of education on perception on aging, expansion of generational exchange for age integration, and renewal of social atmosphere for intergenerational coexistence, which will promote social integration

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.405-416
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• 2010

Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate factors related to the degree of disability of stroke patients in a rural community. Methods: The study subjects included 641 patients selected from 975 stroke patients over the age of 50 with brain lesion-related disabilities living in Gyeongju, Korea, an urban-rural consolidated community. The data were obtained by interviews from July to October 2008. The subjects were divided into a seriously disabled group (1st and 2nd disability grade) and mildly disabled group (3th, 4th, 5th and 6th disability grade) by degree of disability according to registered disability grade. The collected data were analyzed using the SPSS 14.0 statistical package. Results: The study subjects included 379 males (59.1%) and 262 females (40.9%), and most patients were in their 70s (256 cases, 39.9%). The seriously disabled group included 287 patients (44.8%) and the mildly disabled group included 354 persons (55.2%). Age, prehospital delayed time and number of related chronic diseases were risk factors for serious disability (p<0.05). Conclusions: Our results indicate that the degree of disability can be reduced by decreasing prehospital delayed time. We suggest that education of high risk groups and establishment of emergency services as well as a transport system for stroke patients are required to reduce the degree of disability due to stroke.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.73-80
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• 2017

Periodontal diseases occur from the interplay between increased bacterial response and the response of the host immune system over time. Anxiety and depression can impair immunological defense mechanisms, causing accumulation of periodontopathogens and thus exacerbating periodontal disease. We investigated the relationship of anxiety and depression to periodontal diseases in Korean women. In this study, 3,551 women aged ${\geq}19$ years were evaluated based on data from the first year (2010) of the Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The analysis of the factors that caused periodontal diseases revealed that dental floss or interdental toothbrush nonuse behaviors have been shown to increase the risk of periodontal disease (odds ratio [OR], 1.49; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.14~1.95). After adjusting for conditions such as age, marital status, income, educational level, economic activity, diabetes mellitus, smoking, drinking, and frequencies of toothbrushing and interdental cleaning, we found that anxiety and depression increased the risk of developing periodontal diseases (OR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.04~2.09). People with anxiety and depression have a higher prevalence of periodontal diseases than people without anxiety and depression. Thus, periodic periodontal care and effective self-care education are needed to manage periodontal diseases.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.71-86
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• 2007

This study aims at looking into the use of oriental medical services in treating disease and patient's attitude of oriental medicine by social classes. The first to be explored through this study is medical accessibility, classifying them by age, gender and job. Second is to examine kinds of oriental medical services and expenses incurred in treating the disease. Third is to compare satisfaction for the services offered and investigate into relations between disease and oriental medicine through cross-analysis by class, and provide fundamental materials for enhancing accessibility to oriental medical centers for treating chronic diseases. The 1,376 households for the period of time from Apr. to Jun. 2005, were asked to answer to the questionnaires offered. The conclusion from the survey can be summarized as follows. Medical services for the onset of disease were less offered to females, older group, low schooling, and low-income bracket. It is attributable to an economic cause, in both genders. The in- and outpatients' rate were found higher in groups of female, older age, low-income and blue-color workers. Use of oriental medical centers were higher in outpatients than inpatients probably for low-income brackets were less frequently put on regular physical checkups, more exposing to diseases. Each hospitalization was found over six days longer in average; 19.7 days for oriental medical hospitals, 12.5 for hospitals. The hospital charges that patients should pay for one hospitalization showed 909,000 won in oriental medical hospitals, much higher than 518,000 won in hospitals. Outpatients were also found to pay more for oriental medical services; 55,000 won for oriental medical hospitals, 19,000 for hospitals. As to outpatients' satisfaction, oriental medical hospitals were generally found to be a little more satisfactory than general hospitals; 11.2% of respondents answered Very Satisfactory. Satisfaction to services offered to outpatients showed 82.2% of respondents responded to Over Satisfactory for herb clinics, 76% for general hospitals. For future intention to use oriental medical services, females, over 51 years old, lower education and income, and blue color workers showed more intention to use them. To be more competitive in treating chronic diseases, it is necessary that oriental medical services become more accessible through extending its coverage of insurance into more medical herbs and their prepared packs, as well as mapping out extensive publicity strategies to make known to the public about high efficacy of medical herbs and their safety.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.575-588
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• 2005

Family and parents which serve as a primary group for the children's development also play important role in their cerebral palsy children's treatment. This study wants to know how the parents' participation in their children's physical therapy and satisfaction degree have an impact on their children's improvement of the motor function. For that purpose, a home made self filling survey was conducted of 156 cerebral palsy children's parents whose children were treated in 4 university general hospitals and 3 welfare centers from the 1st of April 2004 to the 31th of march 2005. The gross motor function was employed to evaluate the cerebral palsy children's motor function improvement. In this study, those questioned were divided into two groups according to the time of treatment. 'Group A' is consist of the patients whose parents attended to the treatment more than one hour at home. The patients who belonged to 'Group B' were treated less than one hour at home. The general features of the cerebral palsy children and their parents and the characteristics of their physical disability, the parents' participation and their satisfaction degree were examined by survey. Evaluating the difference between two groups' motor function according to their parents participation degree in the physical therapy leads to the following results. First, 'Group A' was better than 'Group B' in their satisfaction degree with the physical therapy and participation degree. Statistically 'Group A' was superior to 'Group B' in the requirements of the information and education for the children with cerebral palsy. Second, after two months of treatment, 'Group A' showed more statistically significant improvement than 'Group B' in every items as like lying in item 1, sitting in item2, crawling and kneeling in item 3, standing in item 4, walking,running, jumping in item 5. Third, parents' participation in physical therapy and satisfaction degree have some relevance to their children' motor function improvement. The satisfaction degree is related to motor function like crawling and kneeling in item 3, walking,running, jumping in item 5. It is showed that the parents' participation degree and information about handicapped children.