• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.45-55
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• 1994

The purpose of this study is to contribute to improvement of educational environment by analysing all problems related to environment around the school. To accomplish this purpose, this study was carried out by examining the problems in controlling the areas required for cleanup with 220 teachers in charging the cleanup duties of the primary and secondary schools in Taegu between June 1 and July 15, 1993 and by actually surveying the prejudical business stores around 72 primary schools between August 10 and September 20, 1993. Although most teachers answered to the questionnaires that it is necessary to cleanup the bad environment around the school, the duties of its cleanup tend not to be considered as an important matter. The teachers considered that the most prejudical business store around the school is totally the game room, and in such order as comic books' store, liquor selling shop and causing noise and pollution. 57.3% of total respondents answered that the present cleanup movements have resulted in failure mostly because of both supervising authorities' careless promotion and store owners' excessive commercial transactions. The result of actual survey in environmental and sanitary cleanup area around 72 primary schools showed that the greatest number of 1,258 prejudical stores was the video tapes shop, and then in such order as lodgings, and game rooms, while the number of prejudical store by the schools was 17.5 stores per school on the average which showed a various distribution from zero to 77 places. In general, these prejudical stores were mainly located around the schools in Jung-gu and Seo-gu areas. In addition, it was shown that the more the number of students, the more the number of the prejudical stores. In order to improve the environment around the school, it is necessary to strictly carry out the zoning system relating to the usage of land, to strongly restrict the stores without permit and abnormal stores and to establish the basis asking the city development authorities to go through the environmental evaluation. Moreover, it is absolutely required to make efforts to establish the national right sense of education, and to closely cooperate with the related authorities.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.145-151
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to examine the correlation of oral health behavior, oral health state and PHP in an effort to facilitate the promotion of oral health and improve oral health care. The subjects in this study were patients who got a scaling at the oral hygiene practice lab in the department of dental hygiene in S college dental clinic from September 5 to December 1, 2007. The collected data were analyzed with SPSS WIN 12.0 program. The findings of the study were as follows: 1. The younger patients had a smaller number of FT index, and the older patients excelled the younger ones in oral health behavior involving the use of oral hygiene supplies, regular visit to dental clinics and dietary control. 2. The patients got 2.62 out of possible five points on oral health behavior, which indicated that their oral health behavior wasn't good enough. Those whose oral health behavior was better had a smaller number of DT index and a larger number of FT index. A better oral health behavior led to a lower PHP index. 3. There was a negative(-) interrelationship between oral health behavior and DT index, and oral health behavior had a positive(+) correlation with FT index. The oral health behavior had a negative(-) correlation to PHP index, which showed that a better oral health behavior led to a lower PHP index. The above-mentioned findings seem to suggest that oral health behavior is one of integral factors to affect oral health status and PHP index, and the kind of oral health education that could change oral health care attitude should be provided during scaling practice after grasping the actual oral health behavior of patients.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.238-272
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• 2002

This study was intended to find out the factors affecting to the IADL, allowing objective assessment of physical function status of increasing elderly populations. The subjects of 635 elderly persons aged over 65 years old who live in Taejon metropolitan city were interviewed during the two-month period from June to July of 2000. The IADL of Older American Resources and Services(OARS), developed in Duke medical college of USA, was interpreted for use. The study results were statistically processed using SPSSWIN(ver 10.0) and conferred the following results: 1. Among the seven items of IADL, the women showed higher rates of 'yes' in items about using the telephone, getting to the places out of walking distance, going shopping for groceries, taking their own medicine while outnumbered by the men only in the item about managing their own money, without significant differences between them in items about preparing their own meals and doing their own housework. 2. In terms of IADL scores, $82.0\%$ of subjects showed the normal range of scores and $18.0\%$ were under the normal range, meaning dysfunction IADL. Specifications of general characteristics revealed that more dysfunctional were the male subjects, the higher age groups who are more than 75 years old, the higher educated groups, the groups who live in nursing homes, the groups without a spouse. 3. Based on daily activities, lower scores of IADL were found in the subjects who don't go out, who don't have recreational activities, who don't attend elderly gatherings in their neighborhood, who don't hold social meetings. Specifications of psychological traits revealed that more dysfunctional were IADL in the subjects who don't feel satisfied with their lives of the past or the present, who have a deep feeling of isolation, and who don't have the will to live. 4. Among 7 items of health habits, only the subjects who don't regular exercise had lower scores of IADL than those who do. According to HPI, the lower HPI, the more dysfunctional. 5. Based on the factors associated with IADL, the odds ratio of the subjects who don't live together with their families were 1.53 times that of the ones who do, who are educated 3.22 times that of the ones who are not, who don't have spouses 2.09 times that of the ones who do, who don't go out 4.35 times that of the ones who frequently go out, who don't recreational activities for an interest 2.64 times that of the ones who do, who don't attend elderly gatherings in their neighborhood 1.47 times that of the ones who do, who don't hold social meetings 2.23 times that of the ones who do, who don't feel satisfied with their present living 1.43 times that of the ones who do, who have a feeling of isolation 1.53times that of the ones who don'1, who have the weak will to live 3.21 times that of the ones who have the strong one, and who don't regular exercise 2.45 times that of the ones who do. 6. Logistic regression analysis of the study results found that such factors are significantly related as the degree of education, with/without spouse, social meetings, the will to live, and regular exercise, and that higher rates of dysfunctional subjects were in the more educated group, in the group without spouse, in the group who don't frequently go out, who don't have social meetings, who have the weak will to live, and who don't exercise.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.39-48
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• 2000

Purpose : The purpose of the study is to disclose the spiritual needs of hospice patients. Method : The questionaire survey was carried out on 49 hospice patients and 40 caregivers who were in the 9 hospice institutions from lune to August in 1999. Results : In the patients, mean scores of the spiritual needs were significantly higher in the group with stomach cancer, college education, christians, $8{\sim}14$ days of hospice care and the group thinking that religion was important, and in the caregivers in the group of religions besides christianity and lives under $3{\sim}5$ years of medical treatment. In the total average of the spiritual needs, the patients's average was significantly lower than the caregiver's. Among the different categories, the patient's needs were highest in the area of meaning of life and the hope, the caregiver's needs in the love and the concern. However, both groups were low in the religion area. In the items of the love and the concern, the patient was highly responding to the 'wanting someone to give warm concern in conversation' and the caregiver was highly responding to the 'giving a warm response to questions on the sad and hard time'. And also, the patient was lowly responding to the 'wanting more concerns to him than other patients', and the caregiver was low responding to the 'patients wanting warm response in conversation'. In the categories of religious area both group were highly responding to the 'wanting to be helped to relax out of all'. And they gave lowest response to the 'wanting to introduce a book to know God'. In the area of meaning of life and hope, the both groups gave highest response to the 'wanting to be guided to have the hope' and lowest to the 'wanting to have opportunity to reconcile the person with bad relationship'. Conclusion : Summing up the above results, personal in-depth conversation is necessary to understand more deeply the spiritual needs of hospice patient. Moreover the hospice team needs to have more systematic approach to find out the spiritual needs of hospice patients.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.41-63
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to analyze the interrelation of influential factors in organizational conflict and organizational commitment. The data for this study were collected through a self-administered survey with a structured Questionnaire to 1,167 subjects from several nursing staff members, administration staff members and medical technicians of six hospitals. In this analysis frequency test, t-test, ANOVA, hierarchical multiple regression and structural equation model were used. The main findings of this study are as follows. 1. Factors which influence organizational conflict were analyzed. The type of occupation and the year of service were socio-demographic variables which influenced organizational conflict positively. Adjusted R square was 0.03. Perceptions on organizational structure and organizational culture were analyzed with two- level variables that were added. The findings were as follows. Adjusted R square increased to 0.25. The year of service, internal process culture and rational goal culture were positive variables. The design of organizational structure, human relations culture and open system culture were negative variables. 2. Variables which influence organizational commitment were analyzed. Age and the year of service were positive variables, while academic background based on high school education was a negative variable. Adjusted R square was 0.16. Perceptions on organizational structure and organizational culture were analyzed with two-level variables that were added. The findings were as follows. The characteristics of organizational structure, human relations culture and organizational culture were positive variables. Adjusted R square increased to 0.55. The variables of organizational conflict were added in 3 steps. Findings were as follows. The variables of hierarchical conflict showed negative influence and were included in two-level influential variables. Adjusted R square increased to 0.56. 3. Structural equation model was analyzed in order to examine the relation between organizational structure and the variables of organizational culture, organizational conflict and organizational commitment. Thirteen path coefficients out of seventeen path coefficients were significant. Age had negative influence on organizational conflict and positive influence on organizational commitment. The year of service had positive influence on organizational conflict and organizational commitment. The design of organizational structure, human relations culture and open system culture had negative influence on organizational. conflict. They had positive influence on organizational commitment. Internal process culture and rational goal culture had positive influence on organizational conflict. Organizational conflict had negative influence on organizational commitment. The squared multiple correlation of this model was 25.1% in organizational conflict and 52.7% in organizational commitment. The conclusion of this study is as follows. Factors in organizational structure and organizational culture, rather than socio-demographic factors, had a stronger influence on the organizational conflict and organizational commitment of hospitals. In order to decrease organizational conflict, to increase organizational commitment and to maximize the effectiveness of hospital management, it is necessary to understand the overall relation between organizational structure, organizational culture, organizational conflict and organizational commitment, with the effort of improving personalized factors and individual factors of organization management.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.22-33
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• 2003

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the present status of patients' satisfaction and the reasons for any satisfaction or dissatisfaction in cancer pain management Methods : A cross-sectional survey was used to obtain the feedback about pain management. The results of the survey were collected from 59 in- or out-patient who had cancer treatment at two of the teaching hospitals in Seoul from July, 2002 to November, 2002. The data was obtained by a structured questionnaire based on the American Cancer Society Patient Outcome Questionnaire(APS-POQ) and other previous research. The clinical information for all patients were compiled by reviewing their medical records. Resuts : 1) The subjects' mean score of the worst pain was 6.77, the average pain score was 3.80, and the pain score after management was 2.93 for the past 24 hours. The mean score of total pain interference was $25.03{\pm}12.82$. Many of the subjects had false beliefs about pain such as 'the experience of pain is a sign that the illness has gotten worse', 'pain medicine should be 'saved' in case the pain gets worse' and 'people get addicted to pain medicine easily'. 2) 66.1% of the subjects were properly medicated with analgesics. 33.9% of the subjects reported use of various methods in controlling pain other than the prescribed medication. Only 33.9% of the subjects had a chance to be educated about pain management by doctors or nurses. 3) The mean score of patients' satisfaction with pain management was $4.19{\pm}1.14$. 72.9% of the subjects answered 'satisfied' with pain management. The reasons for dissatisfaction were 'the pain was not relieved even after the pain management', 'I was not quickly and promptly treated when I complained of pain', 'doctors and nurses didn't pay much attention to my complaints of pain.', and 'there was no appropriate information given on the methods of administration, effect duration and side effects of pain medicine.' The reasons for satisfaction were: 'the pain was relieved after the pain management.', 'doctors and nurses quickly and promptly controlled my pain.', 'doctors and nurses paid enough attention to my complaints of pain.' and 'trust in my physician'. 4) In pain severity or pain interference, no significant difference was found between the satisfied group and dissatisfied group. On the belief 'good patients avoid talking about pain', a significant difference was found between the satisfied group and dissatisfied group. Conclusions : The patients' satisfaction with cancer pain management has increased over the years but still about 30% of patients reported to be 'not satisfied' for various reasons. The results of this study suggest that patients' education should be done to improve satisfaction in the pain management program.