• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.51 no.7
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• pp.618-623
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• 2006

This study was carried out to select the acceptance test influenced by some quality characteristics of rice, and may provide the basic information on rice grade of appearance quality as distinguished the numerical values. Forty-four Japonica rice varieties mainly cultivated in Korea were evaluated for a consumer acceptance test. Color preferences of rice were highly correlated with appearance quality (r=-0.897**) and redness (r=-0.893**). Especially, appearance quality value resulted from interaction of $redness{\times}yellowness$ values was expected as a specific character used for grade of rice appearance. Shape preferences of rice showed the positive correlation with grain width (r=0.527**) and grain size (r=0.454**). Result of the consumer acceptance test of rice appearance conducted through a cluster analysis revealed five groups. Our study suggests that it may be feasible to be graded by average of quality character among groups, grain width, and grain size in Duncan's multiple range test.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.2675-2677
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• 2015

Background: Depending on various pathological factors, non muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) shows varying degrees of recurrence. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of recurrence of NMIBS in our centre, study the influence of intrinsic tumour characteristics like grade, stage, size and number, and compare our results with data in the published literature. Materials and Methods: A hospital based retrospective study was conducted on patients who underwent treatment for NMIBC from 2011 to 2014. The factors studied were number, size, grade, stage and site for correlation with recurrence. Statistical analysis was performed using Medcalc version 12, using Pearson's Chi square test to ascertain associations between variables. Results: A total of 73 patients with NMIBC were studied of which 48 (65.8%) had low grade and 25 (34.2%) had high grade tumours. Some 38 patients (52.1%) had Ta tumours, 34 (46.6%) had T1 and one had CIS. Mean follow up was 34.3 months. Recurrence rates were found to be 33.3% in low grade and 52.0% in high grade tumours. The overall recurrence rate in our centre was 39.7%. Significant correlations were seen between stage and recurrence, with a rate of 15% for Ta and 63.3% for T1 tumours. Fourteen out of 21 bladder cancers (66.6%) with multiple tumours demonstrated recurrence (p=0.006). Grade, size and site had no influence. Conclusions: In our study, recurrence of NMIBC was found to be directly proportional to stage and number of primary tumours, but not grade, size and site. The incidence of recurrence of NMIBC both stage wise and grade wise in our centre was also low compared to the data in the published literature.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.56 no.1 s.100
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• pp.97-105
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• 2006

The dyeability and antibacterial activity of fabrics dyed with lavender extract were analyzed. The results obtained are as follows. The surface color of all the dyed fabrics was tinged with green or yellow of a slight red tint. In the test results of dyeing colorfastness, the colorfastness to sunlight of the dyed fabrics which is both not treated with a mordant and treated with a K2Cr2O7 mordant was excellent with 4th grade of colorfastness. The others showed below 2nd grade. The colorfastness to laundry showed, as most of dyed fabrics were 4th-5th grade, relatively excellent results. The colorfastness to perspiration showed different results respectively according to the kind of both dyed fabrics and mordants. The colorfastness to crocking of the dyed both cotton and silk fabrics showed the excellent result of 4th-5th grade. The colorfastness to dry cleaning of all the dyed fabrics was excellent with 4th-5th grade. In the test results of antibiosis, the dyed fabrics of both cotton and silk didn't show the significant decrease rate for the fungus called Klebsiella pneumoniae. For the fungus called Staphylococcus aureus, the dyed cotton fabric showed the decrease rate of $98\%$ and the dyed silk fabric showed the decrease rate of $50\%$. For the fungus called Chaetomium globosum, the dyed fabric of cotton didn't show the significant antibacterial efficacy, but the dyed fabric of silk showed the significant antibacterial efficacy for the mold fungus called Aspergillus niger.

• Journal of Korea Foresty Energy
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.49-54
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• 2006

This study was carried out to provide basic data for using domestic structural softwood lumber efficiently and ensuring structural safety of timber structures. The ratios (k-factor) between static and dynamic MOE measured by ultrasonic device for $2{\times}6$ domestic softwood structural lumber are 1.0602 for Korean red pine, 1.0013 for Korean white pine and 1.2320 for Japanese larch. In machine grade using nondestructive method, 76% of Korean red pine was classified into higher than E9 grade, 85% of Korean white pine was sorted into higher than E7 grade and 68% of Japanese larch was classified into higher than E11 grade. Correlation between MOE and MOR by static bending with k-factor from nondestructive method provide a possibility to predict bending strength and allowable stress of domestic softwood structural lumber.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.87-93
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• 2004

Objective: We would like to find out the correlation between acne distribution in the jaw and the emmeniopathy. Methods: The clinical studies were made on 43 cases of acne vulgaris who visited to Department of Dermatology, Dongguk University Gangnam Oriental Medical Hospital during from August, 2002 to July, 2004. We divided the patients into two groups. A group had the emmeniopathy. B group didn't have the emmeniopathy. In the acne grade and the number of acne, we investigated the difference between A and B group statistically. We used the statical methods of student's t-test on the number of acne and wilcoxon rank sum test on acne grade. Results: The mean age was 25.8${\pm}$4.80 in A group and 27.6${\pm}$5.68 in B group. There were painful menstruation, quality of thickness, menstrual cycle disorder, menstrual amount disorder, dark purple color, premenstrual acne in A group with the emmeniopathy. The acne grade was 1.69${\pm}$1.28 in A group, 1.43${\pm}$1.28 in B group. The number of acne was 3.66${\pm}$3.15 in A group, 4.36${\pm}$4.07 in B group. P-value was 0.52 in acne grade and 0.25 in the number of acne. We investigated no difference between A and B group statistically on acne grade and the number of acne. Conclusions: We needed the further study about the factor which affect on acne distribution and emmeniopathy.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.283-292
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• 2019

In this study, an unplugged education method which focuses on the data visualization training was applied to third grade students of an elementary school and analyzed its impact on enhancing their computational thinking. The analysis was conducted on 60 elementary school teachers and 124 third grade students and the unplugged education program based on the data visualization procedure was developed. The education program developed was carried out with 24 third grade students for 36 hours over six days. The effect of the program applied was analyzed through the pre-to-post comparison performed with perceptive strength test and creativity test in order to examine the enhancement in computational thinking. According to the analysis result, the unplugged education method which focuses on the data visualization training has significant effect on the 'computational perception' and 'creativity' of third grade students.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.61-68
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• 2001

Purpose: The C-14 urea breath test (C-14 UBT) is the most specific noninvasive method to detect Helicobacter (H) pylori infection. We investigated if the C-14 UBT can reflect the presence and degree of H. pylori detected by gastroduodenoscopic biopsies (GBx). Materials and methods: One hundred fifty patients (M:F=83:67, age $48.6{\pm}11.2$ yrs) underwent C-14 UBT, rapid urease test (CLO test) and GBx on the same day. For the C-14 UBT, a single breath sample was collected at 10 minutes after ingestion of C-14 urea (137 KBq) capsule and counting was done in a liquid scintillation counter for 1 minute, and the results were classified as positive (${\geq}200dpm$), Intermediate ($50{\sim}199dpm$) or negative (<50 dpm). The results of CLO tests were classified as positive or negative according to color change. The results of GBx on giemsa stain were graded 0 (normal) to 4 (diffuse) according to the distribution of H. pylori by the Wyatt method. We compared C-14 UBT results with GBx grade as a gold standard. Results: In the assessment of the presence of H. pylori infection, the C-14 UBT global performance yielded sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and accuracy of 92.5%, 88.4%, 97.1%, 88.4% and 91.3%, respectively. However, the CLO test had sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy of 83.2%, 81.4%, 91.8%, 81.4% and 82.7%, respectively. The quantitative values of the C-14 UBT were $45{\pm}27$ dpm in grade 0, $707{\pm}584dpm$ in grade 1, $1558{\pm}584dpm$ in grade 2, $1851{\pm}604dpm$ in grade 3, and $2719{\pm}892dpm$ in grade 4. A significant correlation (r=0.848, p<0.01) was found between C-14 UBT and the grade of distribution of H. pylori infection on GBx with giemsa stain. Conclusion: We conclude that the C-14 UBT is a highly accurate, simple and noninvasive method for the diagnosis of ongoing H. pylori infection and reflects the degree of bacterial distribution.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.110-118
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• 2004

The corrosion of pure titanium (CP- Ti Grade 2) and titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V ELI) were studied under various conditions of simulated body fluids. The static immersion test and the electrochemical test were performed in accordance with ISO 10271 : 2001. For the electrochemical test, the open circuit potential was monitored as a function of time, and the cyclic polarization curve was recorded. The corrosion resistance was evaluated from the values of corrosion potential, passivation current density, breakdown potential, and the shape of hysteresis etc. The effects of alloy type, surface condition, temperature, oxygen, and constituents in the fluids such as acid, chloride were estimated. Both specimens had extremely low dissolution rate in the static immersion test. They showed strong passivation characteristics in the electrochemical test. They maintained negligible current density throughout the wide anodic potential range. The passive layer was not broken up to 2.0 V (vs. SCE). The hysteresis and the shift of passivation potential toward the anodic direction was observed during the reversed scan. The passivation process appeared to be accelerated by oxygen in air or that dissolved in the fluids. The passivation also proceeded without oxygen by the reaction of constituents in the fluids. Acid or chloride in the fluids, specially later weakened the passive layer, and then induced higher passivation current density and less shift of passivation potential in the reversed scan. CP-Ti Grade 2 was more reactive than Ti6Al4V ELI in the fluids containing acid or chloride, but thicker layer produced on its surface provided higher corrosion resistance.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.221-241
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• 2007

Based on the experiment results, the damage and fracture behavior of concrete at the ages of 1d, 2d, 7d and 28d, in three-point bending and uniaxial tensile tests, were simulated with a finite element program, ABAQUS. The critical stress intensity factor $K_{IC}^s$ and the critical crack tip opening displacement ($CTOD_C$) of concrete were calculated with effective-elastic crack approach for the three-point bending test of grade C30 concrete. Based on the crack band model, a bilinear strain-softening curve was derived to simulate the LOAD-CMOD curves and LOAD-Displacement curves. In numerical analysis of the uniaxial tension test of concrete of grade C40, the damage and fracture mechanics were combined. The smeared cracking model coupling with damaged variable was adopted to evaluate the onset and development of microcracking of uniaxial tensile specimen. The uniaxial tension test was simulated by invoking the damage plastic model which took both damage and plasticity as inner variables with user subroutines. All the numerical simulated results show good agreement with the experimental results.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 1987

The fracture toughness of SA 533 Grade B Class 1 steel has been studied with the Charpy impact test specimens in a range of temperature between -4$0^{\circ}C$ and 288$^{\circ}C$. The dynamic fracture toughness is measured by the instrumented precracked Charpy impact test while the static fracture toughness is by the 3-point bend test based on the unloading compliance method. The results are compared with the data obtained from the large specimens. It is known through the studies that temperature dependence of the appropriate (a low bound) value of the fracture toughness can be estimated by taking the static fracture toughness above the transition temperature and the dynamic fracture toughness below the temperature and it is also shown that the tests are satisfied with the requirements of ASTM E 813 when the side-groove is more than 14%.