• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
• /
• v.46 no.1
• /
• pp.208-227
• /
• 2013

Twenty-seven bronze bowls excavated from the Goryo burial complex at Deobu-gol were examined for their microstructure and chemical composition to characterize the bronze technology practiced by commoners at the time. Results showed that the objects examined can be classified into four groups: 1) objects forged out of Cu-near 22%Sn alloys and then quenched; 2) objects cast from Cu-below 10% Sn alloys containing lead; 3) objects cast from Cu-10%~20% Sn alloys containing lead and then quenched; 4) objects forged out of Cu-10~20% Sn alloys containing lead and then quenched. This study revealed that the fabrication technique as determined by alloy compositions plays an important role in bronze technology. The use of lead was clearly associated with the selection of quenching temperatures, the character of inclusions and the color characteristics of bronze surfaces. It was found that the objects containing lead were quenched at temperatures of $520^{\circ}{\sim}586^{\circ}C$ while those without lead were quenched at the range of $586^{\circ}{\sim}799^{\circ}C$. The presence of selenium in impurity inclusions was detected only in alloys containing lead, suggesting that the raw materials, Cu and Sn, used in making the lead-free alloys for the first group were carefully selected from those smelted using ores without lead contamination. Furthermore, the addition of lead was found to have significant effects on the color characteristics of the surface of bronze alloys when they are subjected to corrosion during interment. In leaded alloys, corrosion turns the surface light green or dark green while in unleaded alloys, corrosion turns the surface dark brown or black. It was found that in fabrication, the wall thickness of the bronze bowls varies depending on the application of quenching; most of the quenched objects have walls 1mm thick or below while those without quenching have walls 1mm thick or above. Fabrication techniques in bronze making usually reflect social environments of a community. It is likely that in the late Goryo period, experiencing lack of skilled bronze workers, the increased demand for bronze was met in two ways; by the use of chief lead instead of expensive tin and by the use of casting suitable for mass production. The above results show that the Goryo bronze workers tried to overcome such a resource-limited environment through technological innovations as apparent in the use of varying fabrication techniques for different alloys. Recently, numerous bronze objects are excavated and available for investigation. This study shows that with the use of proper analytical techniques they can serve as a valuable source of information required for the characterization of the associated technology as well as the social environment leading to the establishment of such technology.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.38 no.3
• /
• pp.83-97
• /
• 2010

Seokgasan which is artificial rock mountain had been developed into one of the axes of traditional rock landscape of Goryo period and Joseon period as the central component of Korean traditional landscaping, but the legacy was cut off at the present. In the middle of the Goryo period, the Seokgasan made by piling rocks which were started from replicating miniature landscape has been developed into presenting the symbol and Seokgasan so it faced the new transition period of traditional rock garden culture. Seokgasan so it as small knoll, the Korean traditional Seokgasan was made differently the the surrounding landscape with big Seokgasan in China which overwhelms so it harmonize the surrounding landscape to build Korean style of the Seokgasan. This study is the objective investigation based on the old literature and the field remains, so it aims to so it comprehend the type of Seokgasan and developmental forms. At the result of investigation, 5 types of Seokgasan such as rocks piling on a pond, piling rocks, rocks in a pond, rocks on a ground, rock in a pot etc. has been developing in addition to the rocks which the oddly shaped rock is piled up as the basic framework. Among those, the piling rocks on a pond of Seokgasan which means water flows in Seokgasan is the representative Seokgasan which has been continued since the middle of the Goryo period until the end of the Joseon period. This study is expected to be the foundation which will succeed to legacy of Seokgasan tradition which was cut off and to develop by recovering historical landscaping value and identity of Seokgasan.

• Conservation Science in Museum
• /
• v.5
• /
• pp.23-30
• /
• 2004

Buddhist image engraved on the bronze mirror in the Goryo period were conserved in 1986 and 1996, respectively. As the time passed, re-conservation was required that powdered copper corrosion product on the mirror image occurred. Accordingly, additional conservation including stabilization and consolidation were carried out to prevent further corrosion. The powder filled in the line of the buddhist image and the chasing techniques were examined using microscope and portable X-ray fluorescence analyzer. The result showed that composition of powder were gold, silver and calcium(calcite or gypsum). The main chasing techniques used to engrave pattern seemed to be dotted-line, hairline and the kicking-line engraving.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.83-97
• /
• 2003

Yangroyun(養老宴), the ceremony for elderly people, originated with the ancient chinese, but the ceremony was held as almsgiving in the early period of Three Kingdom - Shilla.Goguryo.Backje. During the period, a king participated in the ceremony and gave elderly people grain and cloth. Also, in the unified Shilla dynasty, as it were. According to establish the aristocracy in the Three Kingdom Period, Yangroyun became the royal ceremony. In Goryo dynasty, Yangroyen was developed as a ceremony for awarding a person with filial piety prizes. In Chosun dynasty, Yangroyun was peformed in the rigid regulation. It was begun from the king Sejong, According to$\boxDr$Kyungkukdaejeon(經國大典)$\boxUl$, Yanroyun was held in September of the lunar year for over eighty years old, and queen held a banquet for the wives of the elderly. According to $\boxDr$Chosunwangjosilrok(朝鮮王朝實錄)$\boxUl$,$\boxDr$Gisaji(耆社志)$\boxUl$, and $\boxDr$Jungbomunhunbigo(增補文獻備考)$\boxUl$, Yanguroyun held totally eighty times in Chosun dynasty, however, in the late Chosun dynasty, Yangroyun was held few times.

• Herbal Formula Science
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.85-98
• /
• 1997

Samhwaja-hyangyakbang has been known as the book of herbalogy published by the man, Samhwaja. But there are no records about the additor, and the absence of the document, it is so difficult to be informed about the time when it published and other details. But in this document and Hyangyakgugeubbang, there are similar prescriptions to Sublingual Inflammation, Aphtose, Anthrax, Furoncle, Ulcer, Dysentery, etc. So the time it published is estimated to Goryo-dynasty Gojong epoch(1232-1251) when the Hyangyakgugeubbang was published. In addition, this document seems to be basis of Hyangyakjipseongbang, Because, Hyangyakjipseongbang quoted more than 140 provisions from this document. Prescriptions that are different from other books in dosage or taking method, took those of Biyebaekyobang. In explanation or classification of disease, this document almost copied those of Biyebaekyobang, so this document take Biyebaekyobang for origin and take Sikeuisimkam, Taepyungseonghyebang, etc, for reference.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Veterinary Pathology Conference
• /
• 2005.11a
• /
• pp.64-64
• /
• 2005

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.17-25
• /
• 2020

This preliminary study examines historical background of construction, establishment process, and destroy process for the Goryeo-sa-haeng-guan in Myeong-Ju during the Song Dynasty. The research was conducted based on local journals at that time. The Myeong-Ju is one of the famous port cities for marine trade. The Myeong-Ju had a good relationship with the Goryeo. Especially, the Song Dynasty built the Goryo-sa-haeng-guan for Goryeo envoys and traders to maintained a good partnership with Goryeo. A comprehensive review on records and historical issues of the Goryeo-sa-haeng-guan helps us to understand foreign policy and inter-relationship between Korean and China.

• Journal of architectural history
• /
• v.30 no.4
• /
• pp.53-66
• /
• 2021

In the study of Buddhist architecture before the Goryeo Dynasty, the analysis of sectarian viewpoints is one of the effective means. In the study of Buddhist architecture before the Goryeo Dynasty, analyzing from the point of view of a Buddhism sect is one of the effective means. Until now, compared to the importance of the Beopsang school before the Goryeo period in the field of research on the history of Buddhist architecture, research on its temples was the least compared to those of other denominations. In this study, as one of the studies on Beopsang school temples, Geumsansa(金山寺), Beopjusa(法住寺), and Donghwasa(桐華寺), which were built as the Jinpyo's Beopsang school temple in the late 8th century and maintained until the Goryeo Dynasty, were targeted. And I tried a rudimentary analysis on the building composition of those temples from the viewpoint of the beliefs and teachings of Beopsang school. This study is meaningful in that it is the first attempted study in the field of architectural history on the Buddhist temple of the Beopsang school, which led non-Zen sects of Buddhism along with the Hwaeom school until the Goryeo Dynasty.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.201-206
• /
• 2011

Using proteases, we produced a peptide mixture from fibroin of the silkworm $Bombyx$ $mori$. Mice received D-galactose by subcutaneous injection for 8 weeks to accelerate aging, and then received the peptide mixture orally for 7 weeks. In the mice aged with D-galactose, the coefficient of friction of hair increased significantly up to 1.6-fold, but in the mice subsequently given the peptide mixture, it was normal. Scanning electron microscopy showed improved hair cuticles in the latter mice too. These results indicate that oral administration with peptides from $Bombyx$ fibroin counters the aging of hair cuticles.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.142-146
• /
• 2012

Records regarding to magnetism in the written Korean history were surveyed. In this article, we depicted how the magnetism (magnet) was understood by the public in the past in the Korea. The records about magnetism could be chronically categorized into three eras; 1) an era of recognizing a magnetic characteristics, 2) era of recognizing a magnetic pole, and 3) era of acquiring a modern knowledge. The written history of the Silla dynasty (BC57-AD935) revealed that a magnet was produced in this era. However, no record about magnet was found in the written history of the Goryo dynasty (918-1392). It was revealed that throughout the Korean history the interest in the magnetism (magnet) was emphasized most in the Josun dynasty (1392-1910). The magnetism (magnet) was most widely exploited in a geomancy. A magnetic compass was used widely to find a merciful direction and place in everyday life. In the era of Josun dynasty, a magnet was exploited as a magnetic compass for a navigation over the sea. An interesting usage of the magnet in the Josun dynasty was found in the pharmaceutical purpose.