• 제목/요약/키워드: Golden proportions

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Proportions of the aesthetic African-Caribbean face: idealized ratios, comparison with the golden proportion and perceptions of attractiveness

  • Mantelakis, Angelos;Iosifidis, Michalis;Al-Bitar, Zaid B.;Antoniadis, Vyron;Wertheim, David;Garagiola, Umberto;Naini, Farhad B.
    • Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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    • 제40권
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    • pp.20.1-20.10
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    • 2018
  • Background: In the absence of clear guidelines for facial aesthetic surgery, most surgeons rely on expert intuitive judgement when planning aesthetic and reconstructive surgery. One of the most famous theories regarding "ideal" facial proportions is that of the golden proportion. However, there are conflicting opinions as to whether it can be used to assess facial attractiveness. The aim of this investigation was to assess facial ratios of professional black models and to compare the ratios with the golden proportion. Methods: Forty photographs of male and female professional black models were collected. Observers were asked to assign a score from 1 to 10 (1 = not very attractive, 10 = very attractive). A total of 287 responses were analysed for grading behaviour according to various demographic factors by two groups of observers. The best graded photographs were compared with the least well-graded photographs to identify any differences in their facial ratios. The models' facial ratios were calculated and compared with the golden proportion. Results: Differences in grading behaviour were observed amongst the two assessment groups. Only one out of the 12 facial ratios was not significantly different from the golden proportion. Conclusions: Only one facial ratio was observed to be similar to the golden proportion in professional model facial photographs. No correlation was found between facial ratios in professional black models with the golden proportion. It is proposed that an individualistic treatment for each ratio is a rather better method to guide future practice.

황금 분할 마스크를 이용한 대학생 안면의 수평적 분석 (Horizontal Ratio of the Korean University Student's Face and Facial Golden Mask)

  • 이준호;박건욱;김용하
    • Archives of Plastic Surgery
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    • 제35권5호
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    • pp.514-520
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    • 2008
  • Purpose: Many attempts have been made to describe ideal facial proportions for over two thousands year and constantly lasted till now. Dr. Marquardt has derived supposedly ideal facial proportions from the facial golden mask using golden ratio of 1 : 1.618. On the other hand, facial reducing surgeries such as mandible angle reduction are popularized in Asia because the width of mid and lower face of Korean is recognized to be wider. The purpose is to analyze characters of Korean university students' faces in horizontal plane and establish the objective data for facial width distributions and clinical applications. Methods: We applied the facial golden mask to the photographs in 1000 cases, compared the width of mid and lower face between the facial golden mask and Korean university students' faces. And we first calculated the horizontal ratio(HR) of middle and lower face each for using comparative scale of width, facial golden mask. We divided 1,000 cases into 3 groups by degrees of HR and analyzed data of HR on each groups. Using calculated horizontal ratio, we newly invented the cumulative frequency of distribution graphs in Korean university students' faces. Results: Mean data of HR were over 1.0 in all groups, which means that Korean university students' faces are typically wider than facial golden mask in horizontal planes. And this study was statistically significant(p- value < 0.05). Clinically using the cumulative frequency distributions of Korean university students' face width, we can easily explain changes of facial width to patient after facial reducing surgery and describe the changes into objective data. Conclusion: This study concludes thatKorean university students' faces are wider than facial golden mask is significantly true and the cumulative frequency of distribution graphs are expected to be widely used for comparison of results in facial reducing surgery.

조화된 치열의 황금분할에 관한 연구 (A STUDY OF GOLDEN PROPORTION APPLICATION IN KOREAN NORMAL DENTITION)

  • 유성희;정규림
    • 대한치과교정학회지
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    • 제17권1호
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    • pp.93-106
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    • 1987
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate the fittness of Golden relation items was advocated by Ricketts whether or not it is applicable to the young adult Korean dentitions and also to evaluate the several new Golden relation items conducted by the author. The material was consisted of 81 dental casts (34 male, 47 female) with ideal occlusion, which never undergone orthodontic, prosthodontic procedures. Measurements were made on the arch dimensions using sliding caliper (Mitutoyo. Co) and data were computerized and analyzed. The findings of this study were as follows, 1. The Golden proportion advocated by Ricketts dose not seem to directly applicable to the Korean normal dentition, however, the modification from the Ricketts' original shows the Golden proportion as follow: A first series of progressive Golden relations was found on the Golden ratio among the lower central incisors width, the inter mesioincisal width of the upper lateral incisors, and the upper first premolars width. A second series was found on the Golden ratio among the lower lateral incisors width, lower inter canine tips width and theupper first molar distal cusp tips width. A third series was found on the Golden ratio between the inter distal aspect width of e lower canine and the mesial cusp tips width of the lower second molars or inter cusp tips width of upper second premolars. 2. In addition to Ricketts' original, 4 new Golden proportions were found in young adult Korean dentition, these are as follows; The tips of lower canine width had Golden relation with the width of the upper first premolar buccal cusp tips or the width of the lower first molar central fossae. The distal aspect of the lower first premolars had Golden relation with the buccal surface widths of the lower or upper second molars. The width of upper lateral incisors had Golden relation with the upper second molar height. The width of the lower canine tips had Golden relation with the lower second molar height.

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The Influence of Proportion Preference in Automotive Design: Comparison Between Japanese and German Automobiles

  • Jung, Joo Young
    • 감성과학
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    • 제21권1호
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    • pp.91-98
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    • 2018
  • The purpose of this study is to reveal concrete evidence on how aesthetic preference is applied in product design by countries. Since the 19th century, the proportion has been examined various times, and the conclusions consistently showed the strong preference for the golden ratio (1:1.618). However, previous studies are mainly focused on western products that were designed by western designers, so when the same experiment conducted for the first time in Asia with the question of 'Is the Asian subjects also likes the golden ratio?', the result clearly revealed that Korean subjects have a significant preference for the root ratio (1:1.414) and perfect square (1:1). It demonstrates that proportion preference might be different by countries, and it also influences on everyday products. Moreover, there is not enough evidence of Asian product proportions. For this reason, this study will strive to expand the knowledge on Asian aesthetic preference by focusing on Japanese automobiles that were designed and produced in Japan. 55 iconic Japanese automobiles were analyzed for proportion and compared with 50 iconic German automobiles. The result shows that Japanese automobiles have a shorter length of 7:10 (1:1.414) ratio than German automobiles with 13:23 (1:1.769) ratio. This result proves that there is the difference in preference for the proportion of Japan and Germany, and it has already influenced on automobile proportions. This result has a strong value that finding the most appropriate proportion of automotive design is a major issue in new product development, so this can be adapted to various fields of the design process where strong cultural value exists.

꼬르뷰제의 조화시스템인 모듈러 연구 (The Study on the Modulor as Harmonious Measure by Le Corbusier)

  • 이영한
    • 건축역사연구
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    • 제6권3호
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    • pp.145-154
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    • 1997
  • Le Corbusier had developed the Modulor replacing the Regulating Lines in the 1930's and 1940's. The lines can not produce lyrical ideas or creational concept but make plastic dimension pure only to keep in balance. First, the Grid of Proportions was developed and then the Modulor 1. The Modulor originated in one square, double square, the two golden means added or subtracted, the place of the right angle, human dimension, the Fibonacci series and divided Red series and Blue series. He developed the Modulor 2 for a reconciliation between the foot-and-inch system and the metre. As Corbusier devoted himself to a social and industrial problem, he was sure that a transcendental universality be in cosmos including a human being. His dream was to creat a orderly and harmonious utopia. What intrinsic harmony between Cosmos, nature and a human being be realized by mathematic order was the reason he hinted himself to the proportion.

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공간오브제에서 해체주의 유형적 디자인 요소에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Typical Characteristics of Deconstruction Design Elements in the Space Object)

  • 구상
    • 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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    • 제23호
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    • pp.3-8
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    • 2000
  • The overall trend of the contemporary society which is characterized by the variety and de-unification shows many that object to the language system of the structuralism. The typical characteristics of deconstruction in contemporary architecture and products are deconstruction of meanings, deconstructuralism of he form by the use of material, new material, deconstruction of metaphor and way of expression, deconstruction of proportion and deconstruction of ideas. The design elements of the deconstruction are re-defying the function, changing shapes, the structures, metaphors, dening of the golden proportions and the emphasizing the kitsch elements. From the various style, the kitsch style is a phenomenon that comes from the way of representing emotion, inspiration, understanding of the popularity, and the authority of consumers for choice.

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패션 디자인에서 색채 비례에 의한 배색 연구 (A Study on Color Coordination of Fashion Design by Color Proportion)

  • 문영애
    • 한국의상디자인학회지
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    • 제11권2호
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    • pp.1-10
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    • 2009
  • The purpose of this study is to investigate harmonious color schemes based on a length proportion of upper and lower parts of a body by; understanding of the harmonious length proportion of a square measure of a color in color coordination of fashion design, and presenting a mutual relation of the length proportion of a square measure of a color according to the various way of color schemes and proportions. For this study, monochromatic scheme, analogous scheme and complementary scheme were adapted as the color schemes, and each color scheme was coordinated by analogous tone and contrast tone. Also, 1:1 symmetry proportion, 1:2 harmonic proportion, 1:1.618 golden section, 1:3 and 1:5 contrast proportion were used as the square measure of a color. For the survey, 12 sets of color sample were organized. The survey was conducted 182 of university students majored in fashion design, and 143 responded samples were analyzed using SPSS 12. The result of the study is as follows: 1:5 contrast proportion is most inharmonious in general, and 1:1 symmetry proportion is followed. It is thought that too much or same length of the square measure of colors has less attractive effect of coloring. On the other hand, 1:1.618 golden section and 1:2 harmonic proportion are accepted to be harmonious in all color schemes. The length proportion of the square measure of a color had more influence on harmony of color coordination in fashion design rather than color schemes. Though, on the assumption that people have a similar perception about the color image of fashion design, it will play an important role in strengthening or diminution of color in cloth if the coloring effect of the length proportion of the square measure of a color is used in fashion design and wearing of clothes.

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Facial 'Phi' Mask를 사용한 골격성 부정교합 환자의 안모 분석 (Facial Analysis of Patients with Skeletal Malocclusion Using a Facial 'Phi' Mask)

  • 김홍석;허영민;홍종락;김창수;팽준영
    • Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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    • 제34권1호
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    • pp.26-33
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    • 2012
  • Purpose: The golden ratio has been used for a long time to objectify and quantify 'beauty'. Dr. Marqurardt claims that the golden ratio can be applied in the maxillofacial field as well. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic significance of using a facial 'phi' mask for analyzing Korean faces with characteristics of Class I, II, and III malocclusion. Methods: We studied twenty five Korean celebrities' frontal facial photos (10 males, 15 females) and 90 malocclusion patients' frontal facial photos (30 patients in each malocclusion classification: Class I, Class II, and Class III). Patients who received orthodontic treatment at Samsung Medical Center were selected for this study. After superimposition of the selected facial photo and facial 'phi' mask using Adobe Photoshop CS3, the ratio of the entire facial area, mid facial area, lower facial area and horizontal and vertical lengths were measured. Results: The facial ratio in photos of Korean faces showed larger vertical and horizontal ratios than the facial 'phi' mask with golden ratio, regardless of skeletal malocclusion (entire face: 115%, lower face: 125% larger than the mask). The results of the frontal photos of Class I, II, and III malocclusion patients using facial 'phi' mask showed that the vertical length and frontal face area was more significantly influenced by the area of the lower face than the midface. This means that the lower face has larger proportions in the facial areas. Conclusion: The ratio of facial 'phi' mask is matched with the ideal facial appearance that the contemporary Korean general public is seeking. Thus, the facial 'phi' mask may be a convenient tool for esthetic analysis of Korean faces. Reducing the area of the lower face is esthetically more desirable for almost all Korean people when planning orthognathic surgery.

중년여성의 체형에 적합한 의복형태와 면분할 및 배치 방안에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Effective Design for Figure of Middle Aged Women)

  • 김옥진
    • 한국의류학회지
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    • 제21권7호
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    • pp.1173-1183
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    • 1997
  • In order to flatter the figures of average middle aged women by determining harmonious proportions for their costume forms, this study evaluates effects of varying design details of jackets(coats) with blouses and slacks using a ranking test and paired comparisons test. The result from clothing design C-2 which has the best design effect were as follows; 1. In order to look taller, the jacket(coats) is divided vertical long line and it has the emphasis point close to the face. 2. In order to make shoulder width look wider, armhole seam line attached 1-2 cm from the shoulder point. 3. In order to make chest width look slimmer, division was made up of a tailored collar with a deep V-neckline. 4. In order to make waist circumference look slimmer, the jacket has more fitted waist line than loosed it and tailored collar with a deep V-neckline. 5. In the case of the division of upper and lower garments, when the division was closer to the golden section, i.e., when the jacket hemline is hipline and slacks length is the heel excluded length of shoe heels, the overall appearance was better. 6. The V-neckline looked better, when it was cut along a long acute angle to the waist line. Because of dividing along above factors 1-6 i.e., clothing design C-2 was overall harmonious. Appropriate division of costume forms made for an aesthetic composition, which flattered the body types of middle aged women and presented harmonious, beautiful costume design effects. It made the women look taller, slim and balanced, and highlighted middle aged women's sense of beauty.

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일부(一部) 대학생(大學生) 신체발육(身體發育) 및 건강상태(健康狀態)에 관(關)한 조사(調査) (A Study on the Physical Growth and Health Status in University Students)

  • 권이혁;차철환
    • Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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    • 제1권1호
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    • pp.67-78
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    • 1968
  • For the purpose of ascertaining the status of physical growth and health status of the University students, a intensive survey was conducted by the authors towards a total of 2,638(male; 2,228, female; 410) who passed the written entrance examination at the Seoul National University. The items included the measurements on physical growth, various physical indixes, visual acuity, tuberculosis and dental status. The findings and results can be summarized as follows: 1. Physical Growth No significant difference was found in the physical growth between classes(literature and science) and by ages. In males, the means of body height, body weight, chest-girth and sittingheight were $168.0{\pm}5.07cm,\;55.7{\pm}5.71kg,\;85.8{\pm}4.4cm\;and\;91.5{\pm}2.21cm$, respectively. In females, these were $157.4{\pm}4.57\;cm,\;00.4{\pm}5.75kg,\;80.3{\pm}4.51cm\;and\;86.1{\pm}3.30cm$, respectively. Basing on the above measurements several physical indixes were calculated as follows ; Relative body weight 33.15 in males and 32.02 in females. Relative chest-girth 51.07 and 51.01, relative sitting-height 54.46 and 54.70 $R\ddot{o}hrer$ index 1.00 and 1.02, Kaup index 1.97 and 2.04, Vervaeck index 83.63 and 83.03, and Pelidisi index 89.94 and 92.45. 2. Visual Acuity Among the students of science classes those of 0.8 and below in vision on left and right occupied 46.4% and 45.0%, those of 0.6 and below 39.1% and 41.2%, respectively. Among the students of literature classes those of 0.8 and below occupied 46.3% and 42.9%, and those of 0.6 and below occupied 41.4% and 39.0, respectively. In males those of 0.8 and below occupied 46.8% and 44.5% and 0.6 and below occupied 41.9% and 39.7%, while in females 0.8 and below occupied 43.9%, and 42.4%, and 0.6 and below occupied 38.3% and 37.3%, respectively. In males those of 0.8 and below in corrected vision occupied 12.1% and 10.3%, while in females 12.9% and 12.2%, respectively. More students of abnormal vision were found among science classes and the proportions of corrected vision were 38.9% and 37.4% in males, and 33.9% and 33.2% in females, respectively. 3. Tuberculosis Among the total, 55 students were diagnosed as tuberculosis, of whom 50 were minimal cases, 2 were moderately advanced cases and 3 were far advanced cases. 4. Dental Status Among the total, 81.2% were of decayed teeth, 20.8% filled, 9.5% missed, 5.0% extraction needed, 9.1% sunplatinum bridges, 3.3% golden bridges and 5.5% golden inlay. Regarding tartar on teeth moderate, heavy and light grades occupied 49.5%, 29.7% and 20.3%, respectively and 0.8% had none. 5. Comprehensive evaluation According to criteria 4 grades were applied to comprehensive evaluation as follows : A...excellent in physical status B...with some physical defects but no difficulties in study C...need treatment D...need treatiment and rest Out of the total, A grade occupied 21.6%, B 76.2% and C. and D 2.2.

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