• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.1138-1150
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• 2020

In this study, an experiment was conducted to develop a sunscreen with antioxidant effects by simultaneously investigating the antioxidant and UV protection capabilities of various plant extracts. First, to investigate the UV-blocking ability of 33 kinds of plant extracts, the absorbance spectrum between the UV wavelength of 280 to 400 nm was investigated. Arrowroot, graviola, wheat sprout, sangbaek skin, thorn meal, lacquer, etc. 11 species were selected. The total polyphenol content, total flavonoid content, and DPPH radical scavenging activity of the selected plant extracts are measured to examine the degree of antioxidant activity, and from this, it is a plant extract that has excellent UV protection and antioxidant activity at the same time. The species was selected. A gel-shaped cream is prepared by mixing the selected gold, hops, and licorice extracts in a ratio of 1:1:1, and the UV protection effect of this cream is measured when the cultured cells are irradiated with UV rays. Determined by the method. As a result of the study, it was confirmed that the selected mixture of plant extracts complemented each other in terms of ultraviolet absorption ability and increased cell damage protection effect. Through these results, it was confirmed that it was possible to develop a sunscreen with an antioxidant effect if the antioxidant and sunscreen capabilities of various plant extracts were determined at the same time.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.110-120
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• 2013

Five types of kiwi jelly were prepared with different rates of pressed kiwi juice and carrageenan, and their quality characteristics such as chemical composition, saccharinity, color, texture, and sensory attributes were measured. There were no significant changes in moisture, crude lipid, carbohydrate, but significant differences were shown in crude ash, crude protein, pH, and acidity. The pH decreased and acidity increased as the amount of added kiwi juice increased. The saccharinity of kiwi jelly increased with increased amount of added kiwi juice. Additionally, the total phenolic content, DPPH radical scavenging activity and content increased with increased amount of added kiwi juice. The hardness, gumminess, and chewiness increased with increased levels of carrageenan. As the amount of added carrageenan increased, the L values of kiwi jelly decreased. Based on the sensory evaluation test, kiwi jelly, JKJ(Jeju Kiwi Jelly)-3 was the best in the flavor, sweetness, texture, and overall acceptability. The chemical composition of JKJ-3 was as follows : moisture $75.1{\pm}0.5%$, carbohydrate $24.2{\pm}0.5%$, crude protein $0.29{\pm}0.05%$, and crude ash $0.44{\pm}0.02%$. The kiwi jelly, JKJ-3 of overall acceptability values in the sensory test for flavor, sweetness, hardness, texture and overall favorite were 3.65, 3.35, 3.35, 3.50 and 3.60, respectively, with the addition of 20% pressed kiwi juice and 2.3% carrageenan.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.103-114
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• 2015

Jinsan gold deposit is a hydrothermal vein type deposit consisting of several fissure filling quartz veins developed within the Changri Formation of the Ogcheon Supergroup in Geumsan, Chungnam. This study is to provide an efficient exploration and development strategies based on the characteristics of the geology, geological structure, core logging, and ore vein occurrence and grade for the four pits (New pit, Main pit, Yanghapan pit and Teugho pit). Quartz veins are mostly developed with the strike of $N10^{\circ}-25^{\circ}W$ and $N5^{\circ}-20^{\circ}E$, and the thickness is in the range of 0.1~0.5 m, sometimes extending to over 1m. Although the quartz veins commonly form massive shape, they sometimes show zonal structure, comb structure as well as brecciated texture. Major ore minerals are pyrite and chalcopyrite, and pyrrhotite, sphalerite, galena, marcasite, electrum and chalcocite are also accompanied as minor phases. Gray and milky white quartz veins, which are occasionally crosscut by calcite vein, also include fluorite. Ore evaluations for the 22 samples revealed that the samples from the pits generally have very low Au contents, lower than 1 g/t, but some clay samples of drilled core show very high Au concentrations, up to 141 g/t, indicating that Au content is much higher within fault gouges rather than within fresh quartz veins. This may represent that gold might have been reworked and reprecipitated by hydrothermal fluids in association with reactivation of the faults, and thus suggest that ore occurrence in this deposit is very complex and irregular and therefore more precise and systematic exploration is required.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.411-429
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• 2018

Daeyoung mine (also called "Daema mine") produced gold and silver from mainly gold- and silver-bearing quartz veins. The mine tailings are a waste hazard, but most of the tailings were swept away or dispersed throughout the area around the mine long before the tailing dump areas were transformed into agricultural land. Soil liner and protection facilities, such as retaining walls, were constructed in the mine area to prevent the loss of tailings. The content of the tailings is 3,424.41~3,803.61 mg/kg, which exceeds the safety standard by a factor of 45. In addition, contamination was detected near agricultural areas and in the sediments in downstream drainage channels. A high level of As contamination was concentrated near the waste tailings yard; comparaable levels were detected in agricultural areas close to streams that ran through the waste dump yard, whereas the levels were much lower in areas far from the streams. The contamination in stream sediments showed a gradual decrease with distance from the mine waste yard. Based on these contamination patterns, we concluded that there are two main paths that affect the spread of contaminants: (1) loss of mine waste, and (2) the introduction of mine waste into agricultural areas by floods after transportation by streams. The agricultural areas contaminated by mass inflow of mine waste can act as contamination sources themselves, affecting other agricultural areas through the diffusion of contaminants. At present, although the measured effect in minimal, sediments in streams are contaminated by exposed mine waste and surface liners. It is possible for contaminants to diffuse or spread into nearby areas if heavy elements trapped in soil grains in contaminated agricultural areas leach out as soil solution or contaminant particles during diffusion into the water supply.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.221-226
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• 2012

For the investigation of a possibility as a useful functional material, 6 cultivars (Takinosawa Gold, Kawanakawase Hakuto, Madoka, Yumefuji, Nagasawa Hakuho, Hong Bak) of Prunus persica L. Batsch were studied at unripe stage to determine the physicochemical properties and chemical compositions. The cultivars were picked in late May, and all samples were analyzed for external properties, physicochemical properties, pH, Brix value, Hunter's color value, hardness, vitamin C, and reducing sugar. The size of the fruit from all six cultivars was compared, and it was determined that cultivars, fruit from Madoka was the largest, while that from Yumefuji was the smallest. Comparing fresh weight, the fruit from Yumefuji was lowest in moisture contents (89.13~89.96%), and that from Nagasawa Hakuho had significantly higher crude protein (1.02~1.62%). The contents of crude lipids (0.18~0.23%) and carbohydrates (8.00~9.35%) were not significantly different between cultivars and Madoka included higher crude ash contents (0.32~0.69%) than other cultivars. The pH of 6 cultivars from unripe peaches were significantly higher from Kawanakawase Hakuto, and the Brix value was also highest from Kawanakawase Hakuto, followed by Yumefuji, Madoka, Nagasawa Hakuho, Takinosawa Gold, and Hong Bak. In chromaticity, the L value, the indicator of brightness, was significantly higher in fruit from Nagasawa Hakuho. The a value, the indicator of redness, was the highest with Hong Bak and overall lower than -5. The b value, the indicator of yellowness, was the highest in fruit from Madoka and ranged from 16.51 to 18.33. In physical characteristics, the hardness of the unripe peaches was the highest in fruit from Hong Bak, and overall, white peaches have a higher hardness value than yellow peaches. The vitamin C content of the fruit didn't show any significant differences between cultivars, and the reducing sugar showed a higher percent than 6.34% in fruit from all cultivars. These results suggest that unripe peaches were commensurate with the development of natural pigment and as a functional foods.

• Korean Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.53-64
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• 2020

The Samgwang deposit has been one of the largest deposits in Korea. The deposit consists of series of host rocks including Precambrian metasedimentary rocks and Jurassic Baegunsa formation, which unconformably overlies the Precambrian metasedimentary rocks. The deposit consists of eight lens-shaped quartz veins which filled fractures along fault zones in Precambrian metasedimentary rock, which feature suggest that it is an orogenic-type deposit. Laminated quartz veins are common in the deposit which contain minerals including quartz, ankerite, white mica, chlorite, apatite, rutile, arsenopyrite, sphalerite, chalcopyrite and galena. The structural formulars of white micas from laminated quartz vein and wallrock alteration are determined to be (K_1.02-0.82Na_0.02-0.00Ca_0.00)(Al_1.73-1.58Mg_0.26-0.16Fe_0.23-0.10Mn_0.00Ti_0.03-0.01Cr_0.01-0.00)(Si_3.35-3.22Al_0.79-0.65)O₁₀(OH)₂ and (K_0.75-0.67Na_0.01Ca_0.00) (Al_1.78-1.74Mg_0.16-0.15Fe_0.15-0.13Mn_0.00Ti_0.04-0.02Cr_0.01-0.00)(Si_3.33-3.26Al_0.74-0.67)O₁₀(OH)₂, respectively. It suggest that white mica from laminated quartz vein has higher interlayer cation (K+Na+Ca) and Fe+Mg+Mn+Ti content in octahedral site compared to the white mica from the wallrock alteration. Compositional variations in white mica from laminated quartz vein can be caused by phengitic or Tschermark substitution ((Al³⁺)^VI+(Al³⁺)^IV <-> (Fe²⁺ or Mg²⁺)^VI)+(Si⁴⁺)^IV) and (Fe³⁺)^VI <-> (Al³⁺)^VI substitution. Ankerite from laminated quartz vein has compositional variations of FeO and MgO contents along crystal growth direction. The geochemical and textural features suggest that laminated quartz vein from the Samgwang gold-silver deposit was formed during ductile shear stage, which is an important main gold-silver ore-forming event in orogeinc deposit.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.66-77
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• 2023

Background: Along with the increase in consumer interest in and consumption of tattoo products, the controversy over harmful heavy metals associated with the use of tattoo cosmetics is also increasing. Therefore, investigation of hazardous metals in these tattoo products is needed. Objectives: This study was performed to provide useful data for establishing reasonable standards to securely manage tattoo cosmetics, tattoo stickers, and tattoo inks distributed in the market. Methods: Thirteen kinds of hazardous metal contents (Pb, As, Cd, Sb, Ni, Co, Cu, Cr, Se, Ba, Zn, Sn, and Hg) were analyzed for 23 tattoo cosmetics, ten tattoo stickers, and 16 tattoo inks. Hg was measured through the combustion-gold amalgamation method, and other hazardous metals were measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after acidic decomposition using a microwave apparatus. Results: The detected ranges of Pb, As, Cd, Sb, Ni, and Hg in tattoo cosmetics were 0.07~1.18, 0.06~0.41, ND~0.07, 0.01~3.44, 0.12~2.75, and ND~0.01 ㎍/g, respectively. All of the hazardous metals detected were below the recommended maximum standards of the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety. The mean amount of Pb detected in tattoo stickers for children was 0.24 ㎍/kg and Cd was not detected, meaning both metals met the recommended criteria. There was no statistically significant difference in all measured metals between children's tattoo stickers and adults' tattoo stickers. In the results of the study on the hazardous metal content of tattoo inks, four products (25%) for Pb, one product (6%) for As, 13 products (81%) for Ni, four products (25%) for Cu, and five products (31%) for Zn exceeded the recommended standards approved by the government. The highest predicted exposure amount for hazardous metals exceeding the recommended level of tattoo inks in a single tattooing was 5.69 ㎍/kg for Ni, 8.51 ㎍/kg for Zn, 0.44 ㎍/kg for Pb, 8.07 ㎍/kg for Cu, 0.44 ㎍/kg for As, and 71.36 ㎍/kg for Ba. Conclusions: It is necessary to prepare criteria for content limitation for the management of Co, Cr, Ba and Se tattoo cosmetics, and tattoo inks require thorough quality control.

• Journal of KIISE:Information Networking
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.414-428
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• 2004

Many portable devices are coming to be commercially successful and provide useful services to mobile users. Mobile devices may request a variety of data types, including text and multimedia data, thanks to the rich content of the Internet. Different types of data and/or different classes of users may need to be treated with different qualities of service. The implementation of service differentiation in wireless networks is very difficult because of device mobility and wireless channel contention when the backoff algorithm is used to resolve contention. Modification of the t)mary exponential backoff algorithm is one possibility to allow the design of several classes of data traffic flows. We present a study of modifications to the backoff algorithm to support three classes of flows: sold, silver, and bronze. For example, the gold c]ass flows are the highest priority and should satisfy their required target bandwidth, whereas the silver class flows should receive reasonably high bandwidth compared to the bronze class flows. The mixture of the two different transport protocols, UDP and TCP, in ad hoc networks raises significant challenges when defining backoff algorithm modifications. Due to the different characteristics of UDP and TCP, different backoff algorithm modifications are applied to each class of packets from the two transport protocols. Nevertheless, we show by means of simulation that our approach of backoff algorithm modification clearly differentiates service between different flows of classes regardless of the type of transport protocol.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.168-173
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• 1982

The present study was carried to observe the total mercury contents in fresh-water fishes which were collected from 24 streams in the South-East area, Korea. These total mercury contents were determined by quartz tube combustion gold amalgamation method. The value of total mercury contents in collected fresh-water fishes ranged from 0.02ppm to 0.12ppm and the mean value were 0.07ppm. The total value of mercury contents differed with the fish species showing 0.09ppm in Carassius auratus, 0.10ppm in Coilia ectenes, 0.11ppm in Moroca lagowskii and Squalidus majime and 0.12ppm in Cobitis taenia which were highly more than the mean value of collected fishes. The mean value of the total mercury contents in the Yeong Il Gun (0.09PPm), Gim Hae Gun (0.08ppm) and Meong Ju Gun (0.08ppm) were highly detected than those of other surveyed areas.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.11-22
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• 2010

Treatise on the Pathogenesis and Manifestations of All Diseases(諸病源候論)was written by Chao Yuanfang that was most active during the Sui Dynasty at A.D. 610. It classified clinical medicine by some departments of internal medicine, surgery, obstetrics and gynecology, pediatrics, and otorhinolaryngology and within each specific department, categorizes etiology and pathology according to characteristics of various diseases. It was the total disease classification book that based on the bibles of the Oriental medicine, (Huangdi''s) Internal Classic(黃帝內經), Classic of Difficult Issues(難經) and Treatise on Cold Damage and Miscellaneous Diseases(傷寒雜病論), A-B Classic of Acupuncture and Moxibustion(鍼灸甲乙經), Essential Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Gold for Emergencies(備急千金要方) and Medical Secrets of an Official(外臺秘要). It was arranged tussive causes, classes, diagnosis, prognosis and stretching for treatment by Volume 13, all symptoms of tussiculation. Dialectic part was divided into cough(咳嗽), cough with dyspnea(咳逆上氣), cough with pus and blood(咳嗽吐膿血), cough with duck crying sound(?嗽), sudden cough(暴氣咳嗽), cough with dyspnea(咳逆), cough with dyspnea and vomiting(咳逆上氣嘔吐). Disease situation part was divided into the new cough(新咳) and old cough(舊咳), deficiency syndrome(虛證) and excess syndrome(實證), visceral cough(藏府咳), etc. Out of these, cough with counterflow(咳嗽上氣), cough with dyspnea(咳逆上氣), cough with dyspnea and vomiting(咳逆上氣嘔吐), cough with shortness of breath(咳逆短氣) have a close connection with dyspnea(上氣), counterflow of qi(逆氣), dyspnea and vomiting(上氣嘔吐) and shortness of breath(短氣) in the Pathogenesis and Manifestations of All qi(氣病諸候) of vol 13. So two parts may be refer to each other. However, the content on the original book has been addition and subtraction on the original context along with many reprints. Therefore, this paper, with regard to the prints of former editions, tried to help in better comprehension of the original context through readings and Korean translation.