• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.671-682
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• 2019

This study reviewed the literature on the changes in Maekjeok, Seoryamyeok and Neobiani. Choi Nam-sun first mentioned the Maekjeok in 「Maeilsinbo」 as a "Buyeo·Goguryeo" style meat roast in 1937. Maekjeok was assumed to be made of various kinds of meat, including wild boars, and it was seasoned and baked as a whole. Seoryamyeok is a royal food found in Uigwe of the Joseon Dynasty and meat that was also eaten in the private sector. In 1609, the ingredients for the dish were pork, but beef was later used. The recipe has been simplified since the 19^th century. Neobiani is known as royal cuisine, but it does not appear in official records. The first known record thus far is 'Neobiani' in 「Siuijeonseo」. On the other hand, 'Neobuhalmi' which was presumed to be the same food as 'Neobiani', was found in a 「Dictionnaire Coreen-Francais」(1880). In addition, 'Neobiani' was found in 「A Korean-English dictionary」(1897). From Maekjeok, followed by Seoryamyeok and Neobiani, Korean roasting meat culture has a common feature of roasting pre-sauced meat, and this trait has continued to bulgogi.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.81-88
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to inquire original design and character of dancheong in Yeongnamnu P avilion which features unusual portraits of twisting dragons and four heavenly creatures. Its artistic value and originality can be found in the portraits of four heavenly creatures which are painted on the interior seonjayeon(fan shape rafter) and in the unique design of crossbeam meoricho(flower decorations on each side of pillars). Yeongnamnu's crossbeam meoricho is janggu-meoricho type(meoricho with hourglass figure) with full-shape lotus and half-shape flower decorations. And it can be said that, dragon portrait painted on the border of lotus and flower decorations in green and yellow is a very unique style of dancheong, for the reason that it has scarcely been used before and ever since. The portrait of four heavenly creatures painted on each corner of seonjayeon is also found to be unique in design, for the reason that the design has rarely been used throughout history, with only two exceptions in mural tombs of Goguryeo and folding screen in Injeongjeon Hall of Changdeokgung P alace. With its unique and authentic feature along with its rarity in number, the portrait of four heavenly creatures painted on Yeongnamnu can be considered as quite symbolic and important.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.191-213
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• 2023

Romans in the fifth and sixth centuries BC referred to the people who brought silk from the Far East via the pre-Han (漢) silk road as "Seres". The Seres' colorful silk was characterized by intricate patterns and high yarn density, markedly different than thin "China silk". This study examined geographic and genealogic records and linguistic evidence and found support for the syllogistic conclusion that the "Seres" were the early Silla people. The Seres' territory in the seventh century BC was much larger than that of the Qin (秦) or Zhou (周), extending from Xinjiang to Balhae. According to literature records, Dong-Yi (東夷) invented Geum (錦) silk in the 11th century BC around Balhae, where silkworm trees were abundant. In the Han dynasty, even thin silk was rare and expensive, but in Gojoseon (古朝鮮), Geum silk was common and less valuable than beads. The Silla delivered surplus Geum silk, fur, and high-quality iron to the West. Linguistic evidence includes historical names for Silla: "Sira," "Saro," and "Sere," as well as records naming King Ruri of Silla "Seri-Ji"; and the replacement of the word "Seres" by the word "Silk" from the Goguryeo word for "yarn winder": "sil-kkury".

• Journal of Koreanology Reviews
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.27-34
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• 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to discuss on Daeryuk Baekje (the Continental Baekje), as new researches are beginning to emerge on the existing theory that Baekje exits only in the Korean Peninsula. Research design, data and methodology: We intend to systematically reveal this new theory by carefully examining the early founding process of Baekje, the process of determining its capital city and the ancient documents related to it. Objective analysis and research were conducted through literature research including not only domestic research data but, also research data from overseas. Results: Baekje existed on the Continent and on the Peninsula in the early days of Baekje establishment, before the Kingdom was established, so-called Hanseong Baekje. Conclusion: Biryu and Onjo settled down near Yoseo and Jinpyeong when they first moved to the south from Goguryeo. Biryu led hundred families to Michuhol and established Baekje. Onjo established Sipje at the Wirye Castle with ten of his servants. After Biryu's death the people of Baekje pledge allegiance to Onjo. The Sipje changed its country's name to Baekje. This illustrates that the country was operated with a capital in two regions, in the Continent and the Korean Peninsula. The country was ruled under two royal castles with 22 provincial governments (Dam-ro). Each area was ruled by the royal families and the competent prince among them succeeded to the next throne. It is a unique governing system and illustrates that Baekje existed in the Continent.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.19-38
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to analyze the architectural character of the upper risen architecture(高床式 建築) in Japan. There are few upper risen architecture and architectural remains in Korea. Until now most of Korean researcher recognized that the upper risen architecture is southern regions' form. But there are a few numbers of upper risen buildings in northern regions of Korea and China. Therefore we need to compare northern and southern regions' upper risen architecture. The scope of this study is architectural remains, sites and present buildings about upper risen architecture in Japan. The period of this study is from third to eighth century. The method of this study is the analyses of site plan(the ratio of front and side length) and construction about Japanese Architecture. And then this study compare Japanese with other countries in Korean and Chinese upper risen architecture. Results of the study are below. 1. In Japan, upper risen architecture was introduced into southern regions(southern China and southeast Asia) with rice farming culture. 2. After introduced upper risen architecture, they were influenced many architectural technique of Korean and Chinese. 3. There were many technical improvement(such as foundation stone standing method, high technical wooden frame structure and adaptable triangle frame wall at moisture) the Japanese upper risen architecture in Nara Period(奈良時代). 4. As the results, I found out that there were many similarity Korea and Japan in upper risen architecture. I think that we will try continuous to study another regions' upper risen architecture in order to define conclusion.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.67-76
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• 2017

The Gaya Period is the period in which the nations of Gaya had existed in the Gimhae area. The term 'The Period of the Three Nations', which is widely used, is inappropriate because in ancient Korea, Gaya also existed besides Goguryeo, Baekje and Silla. This term should be corrected for the accurate reconstruction of the history of ancient Korea. Of course, the term 'The Gaya Period' cannot replace 'The Period of the Three Nations'. It just means the period in which the nations of Gaya existed. The Gaya Period refers to the period of about 600 years from about the first century, in which several nations of Gaya began to appear in the Gyeongsangnamdo area, through the falls of Daegarak of Kimhae in 532 A.D. and Daegaya of Goryeong in 562. When doing this, there should be no distortion of the original form of the relics. With the application of traditional techniques and excellent relics, it is believed that it helps to create the high added values by putting culture and tourism together with the development of various designs of cultural goods. To suggest possibility of jewelry designs by completing protype from idea scatch.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.14 no.2 s.42
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• pp.57-69
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• 2005

A stylobate, part of the foundation for hardening soil below the floor, has been built with a variety of materials, such as stone, tile and brick, in several kinds of combined constructions of soil, stone, and brick. In particular, Baekje used a tile-piled stylobate that could not be found in Goguryeo and Silla counterparts, thus showing outstanding performance in the construction culture. Archeological excavations up to now evidence the stylobate played a role in building the magnificent structures or enhancing the decorative effects. It can be enough inferred that such features are reflected on dual footing stylobate, framed stylobate and tile-piled stylobate. Baekje had delivered its techniques for constructing stylobate to Silla from about the middle of 6th century. They can be traced down back from the dual stylobate that has been identified in Hwangryong-sa temple lastly built in the old site of Silla, those constructed with broken stones at Najeong, tile-piled stylobate of the mode of vertical-horizontal rows which had been established in Inwang-dong, Gyeongju, the capital of the kingdom, and a framed stylobate at Hall enshrining Buddha (Golden Hall) site of Gameun-sa temple site. Recently, relics of structures, including temple sites, are intermittently being unearthed in the old sites of Baekje and Silla. However, studies linking archeology with architecture can be rarely found up to now. It is, therefore, necessary that the relics should be correctly construed in archeological as well as architectural aspects. We expect that further studies can graft architectural insight into archeological analysis.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.122-139
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• 2011

Yanbian area is a region with great interests to Cultural-Historically Korea as well as China. Cultural-historic study on Yanbian are lots of researches but can find few mapping for sites. This study aimed to make a map and analyze characteristics of distributions in the Cultural-Historic sites of Yanbian using Google Earth. We made a distribution map from stone age to Qing Dynasty. Symbology for mapping made color symbols by time series and categorical symbols. As a research finding, Sites of Balhae and Yuo-Geum age account for large parts in comparison with other ages in Yanbian. Especially, sites of Goguryeo, Balhae and Yuo-Geum age showed spatio-temporal structure of accumulative layers Characteristics of distributions is located in basin and stream area in the early age, and after then historical period moved to hilly sides and mountainous areas. The result of this research is expected to offer information for relevant follow-up studies of Cultural-Historic sites.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.13-22
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• 2007

As the world has been forming the global village and the cultures of each country are exchanged, the unique cultural specialty of each country high been merged with the generality in the world. The increasing interest on the oriental world and the globalization recently brings the fusion form of oriental and occidental cultures. In such a global trend, it is our challenge to find out the traditional beauty and the design factors of Korea for the new challenge and development of Korean fashion and to develop the most Korean and global design by interpreting them in a modem sense. It is the Era of the Three States when an of official hat among the personal ornaments of Korea was firstly described on the literature, including the literature of ancient China and Chronicles of Three States and Heritage of Three States of Korea. Those literatures clarified that the people in Goguryeo Baekje, Silla and Gaya decorated themselves with gold, silver and jade. Furthermore, since various kinds of ornaments have been excavated, they shown the development of metal craft in the Era of Three States. This study aim to exploit the design motives among the gold crown elements among the ornaments during the Era of Three States, interpret them in a modem expression, develop the textile design using the Adobe photoshop and suggest the application approaches by applying them to the clothing design.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.49-59
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• 2016

Ginseng, a Korean native herb, has been a symbol of mystic cure-all which provides longevity benefits throughout Korean history. According to Chinese historical records, a major source of wild ginseng has been described as Korean peninsula, which is the most suitable ginseng production area, and the Manchu region near Mt. Baekdu and the Maritime Province. Since Tang dynasty period (618-917 CE), Chinese has also called ginseng as "Goryeo Ginseng", which is named after "Goguryeo" (37 BCE-668 CE), an ancient kingdom of Korea, from which they mainly imported the herb as the region was famous for its high quality of ginseng. To date, it refers to Korean ginseng. This study compares the medicinal properties of ginseng as stated in the ancient Korean medical books with the major Korean historical records regarding the usage of ginseng and its symbolism of longevity in everyday life. By contrasting these findings, we tried to figure out how the actual medicinal properties of ginseng and the anticipation of longevity are related. It was confirmed that the expectations about longevity were widely applied to everyday life. In addition, the study investigates the various usage of ginseng as a motive for decorative patterns and as an ingredient for daily products including snacks, health drinks, various types of food, clothing patterns, and so on. Finally, the usage of ginseng ingredients in the cosmetic products fulfilled the desire of Korean people to purchase, showing the aesthetic recognition and medicinal understandings about the herb. These findings suggest that ginseng is an important medicinal agent that not only symbolizes longevity and good health but also has a great influence on the lives of Koreans.