• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.34 no.1 s.132
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• pp.33-39
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• 2003

Eight compounds were isolated from the roots of Glycyrrhiza glabra by the tyrosinase inhibitory activity guided fractionation, and their structures were identified as liquiritigenin (1), isoliquiritigenin (2), isoliquiritigenin-2'-O-methyl ether (3), liquiritin (4), isoliquiritin (5), ononin (6), glycycoumarin (7), glycyrol (8) by analysis of spectral data. Compound 3 exhibited the most potent inhibitory effect on mushroom tyrosinase activity ($IC_{50}$, 47 M).

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.151-156
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• 2014

This study was conducted to inhibit the browning of fresh-cut lotus roots by blanching in a Glycyrrhiza glabra L. and Astragalus membranaceus Bunge extract solution (0.5%). Lotus roots were cut to 1 cm using a knife. The fresh-cut lotus roots were blanched at $50^{\circ}C$ in distilled water (DW, Cont), Glycyrrhiza glabra L. extract solution (GE), and Astragalus membranaceus Bunge extract solution (AE). After treatment, they were packaged with 0.04 mm PE bags and were stored at $10^{\circ}C$ for 12 days. Their color, hardness, DPPH radical scavenging activity, pH, and total soluble solids were then investigated. During storage, the samples treated with GE and AE had high $L^*$ values. They were also found to have higher values compared to the control group in the analysis of the browning index. No difference was found, however, in the hardness analysis. With regard to the DPPH radical scavenging activity, the sample treated with Glycyrrhiza glabra L. extract had the highest activity. In the pH analysis, all the groups were found to have a decrease tendency for all the storage periods. The total soluble solids decreased in the control group and slightly increased in the AE and GE groups. These results show that blanching in Glycyrrhiza glabra L. or Astragalus membranaceus Bunge extract is effective for preventing the browning of fresh-cut lotus roots.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.242-248
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• 2023

Platelets are activated at the sites of vascular injury by a number of molecules, including adenosine diphosphate, collagen and thrombin. The full platelet aggregation is absolutely essential for the normal hemostasis. Glycyrrhiza glabra is a well-known medicinal herb that grows in various parts of the world and is known to have various effects such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-atherogenic, anti-osteoporotic and skin-whitening. However, the platelet inhibitory effect of Glycyrrhiza glabra extract (GGE) has not been identified. In this study, we investigated if GGE inhibited platelet aggregation. We observed that GGE inhibited collagen-induced platelet aggregation, Ca²⁺ mobilization, and thromboxane A2 generation. In addition, GGE suppressed phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K), Akt and elevated phosphorylation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R), vasodilator stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP). Taken together, GGE showed strong antiplatelet effects and may be used to block platelet-mediated cardiovascular diseases.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2013

In this work, comparative study on antioxidative activities of extracts from Glycyrrhiza uralensis (G. uralensis) produced in Korea and in China and Glycyrrhiza glabra (G. glabra) produced in Uzbekistan was conducted. Among three origins, 50% ethanol extracts (21.15 ${\mu}g/mL$), ethyl acetate fraction (29.15 ${\mu}g/mL$) and aglycone fraction (3.26 ${\mu}g/mL$) of G. uralensis from Korea showed the higher free radical (1,1-phenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH) scavenging activity ($FSC_{50}$) than extracts from other origins. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activities ($OSC_{50}$) of extracts from three origins on ROS generated in $Fe^{3+}-EDTA/H_2O_2$ system were investigated using luminol-dependent chemiluminescence assay 50% ethanol extract (1.00 ${\mu}g/mL$) and ethyl acetate fraction (0.34 ${\mu}g/mL$) of G. uralensis from China showed the most prominent ROS scavenging activity. The protective effects of extract/fractions of G. uralensis and G. glabra extracts on the rose-bengal sensitized photohemolysis of human erythrocytes were investigated. 50% ethanol extract and aglycone fraction of G. uralensis and G. glabra extracts from three origins showed cellular protective effects in a concentration dependent manner (5 ~ 50 ${\mu}g/mL$). Aglycone fraction of G. uralensis from Korea (${\tau}_{50}$ = 847.4 min)especially showed cellular protective effects four times higher than that from China (${\tau}_{50}$ = 194.3 min). These results indicate that G. uralensis and G. glabra extracts, which have been used as whitening agent, could be applicable to functional cosmetic ingredient as a natural antioxidant. Judging from the prominent cellular protecitve effects, it is concluded that G. uralensis and G. glabra extracts can protect the skin from $^1O_2$ and various ROS induced by UV.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.533-538
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• 1997

This study was conduced to investigate on immune response of the hot water extract(PHE), 50% methanol extract(PME) and acetone extract(PAE) from Glycyrrhiza glabra. The experiment was carried out by phagocytosis, plaque forming cell(PFC), hemalysin titration(HY) and rosette forming cell(RFC) assay by using BALB/c mice. The results obtained from this study are as follow ; The effects of Glycyrrhiza glabra extracts on phagocytosis was tended to be slight increase in GME and GAE groups compared to the control group, but not significant. In the experiment of PFC and HY, the results of experiment groups which was given each samples were significantly higher than the control group. The result of rosette forming cell in GME and GAE groups were significantly higher than control group.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.627-632
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• 1994

The growth inhibitions of each strain on tryptic soy broth containing various concentration of 75% ethanol extract of Sinomenium acutum(Thunb.) Rehd. et wils and Glycyrrhiza glabra L. var. glandulifera Regel were compared which were exhibited comparatively strong growth inhibition on Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19111, 19112, 19113, 19114 and 15313 at previous screening test by disk method. The Sinomenium acutum(Thunb.) Rehd. et wils extract showed partly effect by its concentration in broth to L. monocytogenes ATCC 19111 and 19114. The Glycyrrhiza glabra L. var. glandulifera Regel extract inhibited the growth of all test strains and even 100 ppm of the extract in the broth inhibited the growth of all test strains of L. monocytogenes for 12 to 48 hours. The extract stopped the growth totally of all strains in 500 ppm addition level. L. monocytogenes ATCC 19113 was more sensitive than other strains.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.55-57
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• 1976

The callus formation of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. var. $glandulifera\;R_{EG}.\;et\;H_{ERD}$. in tissue culture was promoted on Murashige and Skoog's basal solution supplemented with 40g/l of sucrose, 1mg/l of kinetin and 5mg/l of 2, 4-D. The fresh and dry weights of callus and glycyrrhizin contents in callus of the Glycyrrhiza glabra L. var. $glandulifera\;R_{EG}.\;et\;H_{ERD}$. were determined monthly up to 12 months and obtained the results as follows: 1.The fresh weight of formed callus was increased rapidly from 2 to 4 months but growing rate of callus was slow from 4 to 6 months. This indicates that the cell division of callus was most active during the first $2{\sim}3$ months. 2. Glycyrrhizin contents in callus were also increased but the contents were not related to the increased weight of callus.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.481-484
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• 2007

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.276-286
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• 2017

Licorice, a traditional Korean medicinal plant, is recognized for its main active ingredient, glycyrrhizin. The level of glycyrrhizin in Chinese licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis) is lower than the reference level (2.5%) set by the Korean Pharmacopoeia, reducing its value as a medicinal herb. In this study, we aimed to overcome this problem by generating an interspecific licorice hybrid by crossing European licorice (G. glabra) with Chinese licorice, resulting in the production of 32 $F_1$ lines. A comparison of genetic traits revealed variations in glycyrrhizin content among lines, ranging from 1.5 to 5.6%, with a mean value of 3.2%; these values are higher than that of the parental plants. Additionally, 25 lines (78.1%) had a glycyrrhizin content greater than 2.5%, which is higher than the reference level set by the Korean Pharmacopoeia. Four of these lines had glycyrrhizin levels higher than the WHO recommended level of 4.0%. A comparison of phenotypic characteristics showed that the leaves of the hybrids possessed all of the characteristics of European and Chinese licorice; however, the stems of most hybrids had characteristics of European licorice. Finally, we determined the genetic distances of 34 samples of Glycyrrhiza plants (parents, 32 $F_1$ lines) by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD); the $F_1$ lines showed a close genetic distance. We plan to develop to a cultivar using five of these lines (glycyrrhizin content < 4.0%).

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.940-947
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• 2010

The effects of fermented products from 40 medicinal herbals commonly available in Korea were examined according to concentrations of polyphenolic compound and kojic acid, and the activities of DPPH ($\alpha,\alpha$'-diphenyl-$\beta$-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging and tyrosinase. The polyphenolic compound concentrations were 0.24 by Corydalis turtschaminovill ~ 11.42% (dry matter basis) by Syringa velutina in the extracts and 0.18 by Poria cocos ~ 12.27% by S. velutina in the fermented products. Kojic acid concentrations were 0.02 by Poria cocos Sclerotium ~ 9.67 mM by S. velutina in the extracts and 0.33 by P. cocos ~ 10.32 mM by S. velutina in the fermented products. Syringa velutina contained the highest polyphenolic compound and kojic acid concentrations, which were higher in the fermented product than in the extract. Higher DPPH free radical scavenging activity (>60%) was observed in the extracts of A. sessiliflorum, Citrus nobillis, and Angelica gigas and the fermented product of A. sessiliflorum compared to the other medicinal plants. Higher tyrosinase inhibition activity (>50%) was observed in the extracts of Morus alba, Glycyrrhiza glabra, and Rubus coreanus and the fermented products of G. glabra, Cnidium officinale, and S. velutina. Based on the above results, G. glabra, C. officinale, and S. velutina possessed high tyrosinase-inhibitive activities and kojic acid concentrations, which could be definitely enhanced by the fermentation of Phenillus linteus mycelium.