• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.713-719
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• 2022

Platycodon grandiflorum and Glycyrrhiza uralensis contain several bioactive compounds, such as saponin, oleanolic acid, and flavone. P. grandiflorum and G. uralensis have traditionally been used to treat disorders related to blood pressure, diabetes, and counteracting poison, and they have antinociceptive and antiinflammatory properties. However, the validity of complex saponin's vasodilatory effect has not been scientifically investigated. Therefore, this study explores the vasodilatory effect of complex saponin extracted from P. grandiflorum and G. uralensis mixture extract on rabbit carotid arteries. To this end, arterial rings with intact or damaged endothelium were used in an organ bath experiment and contracted by endothelin. Complex saponins, the major active constituents of P. grandiflorum and G. uralensis mixture extract, exhibited a moderate vasodilatory effect on the rabbit's basilar arteries. Therefore, treatment with complex saponin extracted from P. grandiflorum and G. uralensis mixture extract may selectively accelerate cerebral blood flow through basilar arterial dilation. Overall, the findings suggest that the extracted complex saponins can serve as vasodilator sources.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.151-156
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• 2014

신선편이 연근의 갈변을 저해하기 위해 감초, 황기 추출물로 블랜칭 처리하여 색도, 경도, DPPH radical 소거능, pH 및 가용성 고형분 함량을 분석하였다. 갈변의 지표인 색도 $50^{\circ}C$ 값의 결과, 감초 또는 황기 추출물을 처리한 구에서 대조구보다 높게 나타났다. 경도의 경우 모든 구에서 유의적 차이가 발견되지 않았으며, DPPH radical 소거능은 모든 구에서 저장 기간에 따라 감소하였으나 감초 추출물 처리구의 활성이 가장 높게 유지되었다. pH는 저장 기간에 따라 모든 구에서 감소하였으나 대조구가 가장 서서히 감소하였으며, 가용성 고형분 함량의 경우 저장 기간이 증가할수록 처리구의 함량은 증가하고 대조구는 그 수준을 유지하였으며 처리구 사이의 유의적 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 이러한 연구 결과를 통해 감초와 황기 열수 추출물의 블랜칭 처리가 신선편이 연근의 품질 열화에는 영향을 주지 않으면서 갈변을 효과적으로 억제함을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제63권4호
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• pp.327-334
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• 2020

산화적 스트레스는 신경퇴행성 질환 발병의 원인으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구는 대표적인 감초 종류인 Glycyrrhiza glabra, G. uralensis와 신품종 감초인 신원감(SW)의 in vitro free radical 소거능을 통한 항산화 활성과 H2O2 유도 산화적 스트레스에 대한 C6 glial cell 보호 효능을 확인하고자 하였다. In vitro assay에서 G. uralensis, G. glabra, SW 추출물은 농도유의적으로 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, ·OH, O2- radical 소거능이 증가하여 in vitro 항산화 활성을 확인하였다. 또한, SW 추출물은 G. uralensis, G. glabra 추출물에 비해 총 페놀 및 플라보노이드 함량이 가장 우수하였다. H2O2로 산화적 스트레스를 유도한 C6 glial cell에 3가지 감초 추출물을 각각 처리 시, 농도의존적으로 세포 생존율이 증가와 reactive oxygen species 소거능이 증가하여 3가지 감초 추출물의 산화적 손상에 대한 신경교세포 보호 효과를 확인하였다. 특히, SW 추출물은 G. uralensis, G. glabra 추출물에 비해 우수하게 C6 glial cell 보호 효과를 나타내었다. 또한, 3가지 감초 추출물의 신경교세포 보호 메커니즘을 확인하기 위해, 염증 관련 단백질 발현을 측정하였다. 3가지 감초 추출물은 H2O2만을 처리한 control군에 비해 inducible nitric oxide synthase 및 cyclooxygenase-2 발현 감소를 통해 염증반응 조절을 통한 신경교세포 보호 작용기전을 확인하였다. 본 연구는 G. uralensis, G. glabra, SW 등 3가지 감초 추출물이 산화적 손상이 유도된 신경교세포 보호에 유용한 소재로써의 가능성이 있는 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국약용작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국약용작물학회 2012년도 심포지엄 및 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.335-336
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• 2012

• 약학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.258-260
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• 1989

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.533-538
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• 1997

감초에서 분리한 각각의 추출물(GHE, GME, GAE)을 BALB/c mice에 투여하여 탐식작용, 용혈 반형성, 용혈소 역가 측정 및 rosette 형성 실험을 통해 감초가 면역응답에 미치는 영역을 조사하였다. 1. 탐식능 측정에서 복강침출세포(PEC)와 비자세포(spleen cells)는 CONrns에 비하여 각각의 약물 투여군이 Candida parapsilosis에 대한 효과가 다소 높은 경향을 나타내었지만, 유의성은 없었다. 2. 용혈반 형성 및 용혈소 역가측정에서는 CON군에 비하여 GHE, GME 투여군 및 GAE 투여군이 높게 나타났다. 3. Rosette 형성에 대한 측정에서는 CON군에 비하여 GME, GAE 투여군이 높은 유의성을 나타내었다.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.67-70
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• 2011

The roots of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. were extracted with 30% aqueous ethanol (EtOH), and the concentrated extract was partitioned with n-hexane, chloroform ($CHCl_3$), ethyl acetate (EtOAc), n-butanol (n-BuOH), and $H_2O$, successively. From the $CHCl_3$ fraction, four flavonoids were isolated through the repeated silica gel ($SiO_2$), octadecyl silica gel (ODS), and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatographies (c.c.). According to the results of spectroscopic data including nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (NMR), electron ionization mass spectrometry (EI/MS), and infrared spectroscopy (IR), the chemical structures of the compounds were determined as glabrol (1), abyssinone II (2), glabridin (3), and isoliquiritigenin (4). The flavonoids were evaluated for cytotoxic effect against human cancer cell lines, HCT-116, HepG2, HeLa, SK-OV-3, SK-BR-3, MCF-7, and SK-MEL-5. Especially, glabrol (1) and glabridin (2) showed $IC_{50}$ values of lower than $25{\mu}M$.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.276-286
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• 2017

Licorice, a traditional Korean medicinal plant, is recognized for its main active ingredient, glycyrrhizin. The level of glycyrrhizin in Chinese licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis) is lower than the reference level (2.5%) set by the Korean Pharmacopoeia, reducing its value as a medicinal herb. In this study, we aimed to overcome this problem by generating an interspecific licorice hybrid by crossing European licorice (G. glabra) with Chinese licorice, resulting in the production of 32 $F_1$ lines. A comparison of genetic traits revealed variations in glycyrrhizin content among lines, ranging from 1.5 to 5.6%, with a mean value of 3.2%; these values are higher than that of the parental plants. Additionally, 25 lines (78.1%) had a glycyrrhizin content greater than 2.5%, which is higher than the reference level set by the Korean Pharmacopoeia. Four of these lines had glycyrrhizin levels higher than the WHO recommended level of 4.0%. A comparison of phenotypic characteristics showed that the leaves of the hybrids possessed all of the characteristics of European and Chinese licorice; however, the stems of most hybrids had characteristics of European licorice. Finally, we determined the genetic distances of 34 samples of Glycyrrhiza plants (parents, 32 $F_1$ lines) by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD); the $F_1$ lines showed a close genetic distance. We plan to develop to a cultivar using five of these lines (glycyrrhizin content < 4.0%).

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.174-180
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• 2016

Licorice plant (Glycyrrhiza spp.) is an important herb, but the major portion of the national demand is imported to Korea because the domestic production base is vulnerable. We performed basic molecular breeding research for domestic cultivation and production. All publicly available G. uralensis EST sequences, which totaled 56,089, were assembled into 4,821 unigenes and examined for microsatellites. Eight polymorphic microsatellite loci were identified and 16 G. uralensis and 6 G. glabra accessions, which were collected from different locations, were genotyped using the microsatellites. Genetic diversity within the accessions was estimated by construction of a dendrogram. The dendrogram was clustered into two groups. The results showed that there is a correlative genetic relationship between species. The microsatellite markers were found to be useful for diversity analysis as they are able to successfully distinguish the Glycyrrhiza accessions.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.48-56
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• 2017

Objectives Hataedock is a treatment that dispels toxic heat and meconium which has been accumulated to the fetus from a pregnant mother via orally administering herbal extracts to a newborn baby. This study was conducted to compare the efficacy of Hataedock, with using the extract of Coptis japonica & Glycyrrhiza uralensis, to the early administration of probiotics for immunomodulation in the intestinal mucosa. Methods NC/Nga mice were divided into three groups; Control group (no treatment), CGT group (3-week-old mice given the extract of Coptis japonica & Glycyrrhiza uralensis), and MBT group (3-week-old mice given a Bifidobacterium). After 2 weeks, the intestinal mucosa tissues of each group of mice were observed. Immunohistochemical staining for IL-4, IL-13, CD40, $Fc{\varepsilon}RI$, $p-I{\kappa}B$, EGF, and VEGF in the intestinal mucosa was performed. Results CGT group showed 65% decrease in IL-4, 67% decrease in IL-13, 58% decrease in CD40, 72% decrease in $Fc{\varepsilon}RI$, 76% decrease in $p-I{\kappa}B$, 41% increase in EGF and 100% increase in VEGF compared to the control group. MBT group also showed 50% decrease in IL-4, 63% decrease in IL-13, 33% decrease in CD40, 53% decrease in $Fc{\varepsilon}RI$, 46% decrease in $p-I{\kappa}B$, 23% increase in EGF and 151% increase in VEGF compared to the control group. Conclusions These results suggest that both Hataedock, with using the extract of Coptis japonica & Glycyrrhiza uralensis, and early administration of probiotics were effective in regulating Th2, relieving inflammation and developing intestinal mucosal tissues. Hataedock with extract of Coptis japonica & Glycyrrhiza uralensis may be more effective for immunomodulation in intestinal mucosa than probiotics.