• 생약학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.166-173
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• 2010

Oxidative stress to proteins, lipids, or DNA is higher in human autopsy tissue and in rodent models of a number of neurodegenerative conditions, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. On the basis of this information, we established a screening system using N18-RE-105 cells to identify therapeutic agents that can protect cells from glutamate toxicity. During the course of our screening program, we recently isolated the active compound 9-hydroxy-$\alpha$-tocopherone ($\alpha$-TP), which prevents glutamate-induced cell death, from Viola mandshurica. The chemical structure of $\alpha$-TP was identified using spectroscopic methods and by comparison with literature values. Antioxidant activity and protective effects of $\alpha$-TP were evaluated by DPPH radical-scavenging assay, morphological assay, MTT reduction assay, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay. These results suggest that $\alpha$-TP could be a new potential chemotherapeutic agent against neuronal diseases.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제58권6호
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• pp.675-679
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• 2020

MYB2 protein was identified as a transcription factor that showed encystation-induced expression in Giardia lamblia. Although nuclear import is essential for the functioning of a transcription factor, an evident nuclear localization signal (NLS) of G. lamblia MYB2 (GlMYB2) has not been defined. Based on putative GlMYB2 NLSs predicted by 2 programs, a series of plasmids expressing hemagglutinin (HA)-tagged GlMYB2 from the promoter of G. lamblia glutamate dehydrogenase were constructed and transfected into Giardia trophozoites. Immunofluorescence assays using anti-HA antibodies indicated that GlMYB2 amino acid sequence #507-#530 was required for the nuclear localization of GlMYB2, and this sequence was named as NLSGlMYB2. We further verified this finding by demonstrating the nuclear location of a protein obtained by the fusion of NLSGlMYB2 and G. lamblia glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, a non-nuclear protein. Our data on GlMYB2 will expand our understanding on NLSs functioning in G. lamblia.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.59-68
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• 2007

Changes in protein metabolism were studied in hemolymph and fat body on days 1, 3, 5 and 7 of the fifth-instar silkworm, Bombyx mori, exposed to lethal, sublethal doses and prevailing levels of fluoride in groundwater in Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh States of India. The total protein content indicated a depletion followed by a concomitant increase in accumulation of free amino acids. Concurrently, the activity of protease in both of the tissues was also increased. A steady enhancement in the activities of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase paralleled the elevation of glutamate dehydrogenase activity in the tissues studied. It is presumed, on the basis of these results, that the fluoride toxicity causes major changes in protein metabolism of the silkworms.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.341-348
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• 1993

Automated system to analyze liver function test results is presented based on fuzzy logic knowledge. Clinician's knowledge and experience was first expressed in linguistic terms fol- lowed by conversion to numerical values to create membership functions of disease possibility for each test item and liver disease. Membership functions were then compensated for different relative importances of test items. Liver diseases considered were acute viral hepatitis (AVH), chronic persistent hepatitis(CPH), chronic active hepatitis(CAH), and liver cirrhosis(LC), Liver function test results of alanine aminotransferase(ALT), aspartate amino- transferase(AST) , glutamate dehydrogenase(GDH), ornithine carbamyltransferase(OCT) , ALT/AST, and 10* GDH/ALT in 218 patients were analyzed by the present system, welch resulted in 80% accuracy. AVH and CAH showed the highest 93 % and the lowest 58% ac- curacies, respectively, which was similar to the clinician's expectation. The simple mathemat- ical formulation of the present system would enable an easy implementation in commercial analysis instruments. Also, the identical fuzzy logic can be applied to similar diagnostic envi- ronments in general.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.32-34
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• 2005

Arils of Euporia longana L. was extracted with 80% aqueous MeOH and partitioned successively with EtOAc, n-BuOH and $H_2O$. From the n-BuOH fraction, furan compound was isolated through silica gel column chromatography. The results of physico-chemical data including NMR, MS and IR revealed the compound to be 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furfuraldehyde. This compound stimulated GDH I activity by $19.2{\pm}0.6$, $41.2{\pm}0.9$, $68.4{\pm}1.1$, $80.3{\pm}0.9$ and $85.9{\pm}1.6%$ at in vitro concentrations of 0.005, 0.008, 0.02 and 0.03 %, respectively.

• 약학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.175-192
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• 1978

Chlorination of the polluted water may produce odoriferous and objectionable-tasting chlorophenols which are hazardous to health. These studies were undertaken to investigate the hazardous effects of chlorophenols to the rat. 1. The chlorophenols such as o-chlorophenol and 2,6-dichlorophenol inhibited rat growth and caused increment of the ratio between liver weight and body weight. 2. The hemoglobin content, hamatocrit ratio and A/G of rat blood were decreased by chlorophenols administration. The activities of alkaline phosphatase, lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) in serum as well as in liver were increased provisonally and decreased after one or two weeks adminstration. 3. The liver mitochondrial respiration ($QO_{2}$) was inhibited by chlorophenols treatment in in-vivo and in-vitro test. 4. The liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 was decreased by chlorophenols administration 5. Liver tissue was degenerated with congestion, atrophy, swelling, vacuolation, dilation of rough endoplasmic reticulum and denature of mitochondrial particle with swelling, and cristal destruction by chlorophenols adminstration. 6. After one and two weeks of adminstration of chlorophenols to rat, the aberrations of bone marrow chromosome and inhibition of its mitosis were observed respectively.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제18권11호
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• pp.1149-1152
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• 1997

An enzyme electrode for the amperometric measurement of urea was prepared by co-immobilizing L-glutamate dehydrogenase and urease onto an Immobilon-AV affinity membrane attached to a glassy carbon electrode. The reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NADH) was used as the electroactive species. The electrochemical oxidation of NADH was monitored at +1.0 volt vs. Ag/AgCl. The enzyme-immobilized electrode was linear over the range of 2.0 × 10-5 to 2 × 10-4 M. The response time of the electrode was approximately 3 min. and the optimum pH of the enzyme immobilized membrane was pH 7.4-7.6 (Dulbcco's buffer solution). It was stable for at least two weeks or 50 assays. There was no interference from other physiological species, except from high levels of ascorbic acid.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.520-526
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• 2021

반추가축의 반추위내 미생물단백질은 단백질의 공급원중 일부이며 글루타메이트 생산을 위한 공급원이기도 하다. 글루탐산은 신체의 대사반응, 근육 및 기타 세포구성에 필요한 단백질 합성물질로 이용되며 면역기능항진에도 매우 필수적으로 이용된다. 또한 계면활성제, 완충제, 킬레이트제제, 향미 증강제, 배양배지 및 농업 분야에서 성장촉진제로 이용된다. 글루탐산은 감마-아미노부티르산(GABA)생산을 위한 기질로서 본 연구는 글루탐산의 기능과 글루탐산 탈 탄산효소 유전자를 포함하는 미생물에 대한 정보를 제공하는데 있다. GABA는 체온 조절, 건물섭취량, 유생산량 및 유성분을 개선시키는 것으로 알려져 있다. 대부분의 글루탐산과 GABA 생성 미생물은 대부분 Lactococcus, Lactobacillus, Enterococcus 및 Streptococcus 종과 같은 젖산생성 미생물로 이루어져 있다. 반추위내 대사기전을 보면 GABA 합성을 통해 succinate 생산과정을 거치고, succinate는 탈수소효소반응을 통해 프로피온산과 기타 대사산물을 생산할 수 있다. 또한 Clostridium tetanomorphum과 혐기성 Micrococci는 글루타메이트 발효과정에서 아세트산과 낙산을 생성한다. 프로피온산과 기타 대사산물은 간에서의 혈당으로 전변되어 반추가축의 유선세포에서 유당 및 체중증가를 위한 에너지를 제공한다. 이를 통해 반추가축의 건강상태 개선 및 성장촉진을 위한 중요한 미생물로 이용가능하다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제66권1호
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• pp.109-117
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• 1984

잡종채종원상(雜種採種園上)의 리기다소나무 49가계(家系)로부터 종자(種字)를 채취하여 종자(種字)의 배유(胚乳) 및 배(胚)에 대한 Aspartate aminotransferase(AAT), Glutamate dehydrogenase(GDH) 및 Leucine aminopeptidase(LAP)등의 Allozyme 변이(變異)를 조사하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 이들 세 가지 Allozyme system에서 AAT에 5개, GDH에 1개 및 LAP에 2개, 모두 8개의 유전자좌(遺傳子座)(Locus)가 발견되었으며 GDH를 제외한 모든 유전자좌에서 Allozyme Polymorpshism을 발견하였다. 각 유전자좌에 있어서 평균 대입유전자(對立遺傳子) 수(數)는 종자모수집단(種子母樹集團)에서 2.33개, 차대집단(次代集團)에서 2.67개였다. 평균이형접합성(平均異型接合性) 종자모수집단이 0.235, 차대집단(次代集團)이 0.238이었고 유전자의 유전적(遺傳的) 다양성(多樣性)은 종자모수집단이 5.409, 차대집단(次代集團)이 5.569로서 같은 수종의 다른 집단 또는 다른 침엽수 수종에 비하여 비교적 낮은 값을 나타냈다. Allozyme분석에 의하여 잡종채종원의 리기다소나무에 있어서 일대잡종(一代雜種) 종자(種子) 발생율(發生率)을 추정해 본 결과 일대잡종 종자의 발생빈도는 0.77%로서 묘포에서 조사한 일대잡종묘의 발생율 0.73%와 거의 일치하였다. 잡종채종원상의 종자모수 리기다소나무 및 이대 차대들 Allozyme변이에 있어서 Wahlund 효과(效果), 비교적 높은 수준의 자가수정(自家受精) 및 Non-random mating 등의 가능성이 발견되어 이들에 대한 Allozyme 변이 연구에 깊은 주의가 필요하다.

• 약학회지
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• 제51권5호
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• pp.296-300
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the preventive effects of Lycii fructus Extract (LFE) against the acute hepatotoxicity-inducing lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the liver. LFE of 100 mg/kg concentration was intraperitoneally administered into rats at dose of 1.5 ml/kg for 20 days. On the day 21, 1.5 ml/kg of LPS dissolved in saline was injected 4 hours before anesthetization. We examined the levels of glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in serum of rats, superoxide dismutase (SOD) in mitochondrial fraction, and malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in liver homogenate. LPS-treatment markedly increased the levels of GOT, GPT, LDH and MDA, and significantly decreased those of SOD, CAT and GPx. But LFE-pretreatment decreased the levels of GOT, GPT, LDH and MDA, by 17.7%, 27.5%, 40.7% and 56.9%, respectively and increased those of SOD, CAT and GPx, by 90.5%, 78.9% and 83.8%, respectively. These results showed that the LFE had the preventive effects against the acute hepatotoxicity-inducing LPS in the liver.