• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.72-80
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• 1997

To elucidate food value and medicinal effect of sea cucumbers, sugar composition of those gly-coprotein and chondroitin sulfate was studied. The contents of sulfate esters in sea cucumbers were 1.21%(blue), 0.90%(red) and 1.19%(black). Predominant carbohydrates were identified as fucose, glucose, D-mannuronic acid and N-acetylglucosamine, and those amount was more than 80% to total carbo-hydrate, while the minor sugar composition was ribose, mannose, galactose, N-acetylgalactosamine and D-glucuronic acid. Also, the major carbohydrate moiety of glycoproteins of sea cucumbers was revealed as fucose, mannose, N-acetylglucosamine, glucose and ribose, and those amount was more than 86% to total carbohydrate. Galactose, N-acetylgalactosamine, D-glucuronic acid and mannuronic acid were minor carbohydrate moiety. The contents of sulfate esters in glycoproteins were 0.96% for blue sea cucumber, 1.15% for red sea cucumber and 1.13% for black sea cucumber, while those in chondroitin sulfates were 3.52%(blue), 3.60%(red) and 3.72%(black). The carbohydrate moiety of chondroitin sulfate was identified as N-acetylgalactosamine (73~ 87%), fucose (7~15%) and D-glucuronic acid(5~12%). As the base on the IR spectrum of strong absorption appeared in 1240$cm^{-1}$ / for stretching vibrations in S=0 group and weak absorptions in 850$cm^{-1}$ / and 820$cm^{-1}$ /for stretching vibrations in C-0-S group, chondroitin sulfates had sulfate group which was bound to $C_4$in fucose.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.434-440
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• 2019

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from kimchi were studied for their ${\beta}$-glucuronidase activity. Among the 156 strains tested, 52 strains utilized glucuronic acid as a carbon source and their intracellular ${\beta}$-glucuronidase activities were significantly higher than their extracellular activities. Leuconostoc mesenteroides KFRI 73007 isolated from turnip kimchi exhibited the highest intracellular ${\beta}$-glucuronidase activity of $0.77{\pm}0.01U/mg$ protein, which was further increased to $1.14{\pm}0.01U/mg$ protein under optimized reaction conditions (pH 7, $37^{\circ}C$). The activity of ${\beta}$-glucuronidase was notably decreased by the addition of divalent cations, and glucuronic acid was the best carbon source to produce ${\beta}$-glucuronidase in Leu. mesenteroides KFRI 73007.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.165-168
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• 1987

The effect of scoparone on UDP glucuronyltransfearase in mouse hepatic microsomes was studied. After transment with scoparone, hepatic microsomal UDP glucuronyltransferase activity was increased with dose-dependent manner as compared to control. The V$_max$ value (control = 23.2 n moles/mg protein/min, scoparone = 31.2 n moles/ mg protein /min) without affecting the $K_m$ value (414 $\mu$M) for p-nitrophenol was increased by the scoparone treatment, and the pattern of kinetic studies for UDP-glucuronic acid was also similar to those of p-nitrophenol. Whereas, the hepatic microsomal UDP glucuronyl-transferase was not changed by the addition of scoparone in vitro. The results obtained suggest that the characteristics of increase in the enzyme activity may include induction of enzyme proteins.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.137-141
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• 2001

Water-soluble crude polysaccharide (TM-1) prepared from the leaves of Teucrium viscidum var. miquelianum was fractionated into three polysaccharide fractions, TM-2, TM-3 and TM-4 by the addition of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide. The major polysaccharide fraction, TM-2, consisted of glucose, galactose, rhamnose, mannose, glucuronic acid and galacturonic acid, and all fractions contained galactose and glutose as the major neutral sugars. TM-4 showed the highest anti-complementary activity. When TM-4 was futher fractionated by anion exchange chromatography, TM4- II a and TM4-II b showed the most Potent anti-complementary activity. TM4- II a was composed mainly of galactose, arabinose and glucose in the molar ratios of 2.13 : 0.94 : 1.00 respectively, and contained a small amount of galacturonic acid and glucuronic acid.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.28 no.11
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• pp.1859-1864
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• 2018

Synthesis of flavonoid glycoside is difficult due to diverse hydroxy groups in flavonoids and sugars. As such, enzymatic synthesis or biotransformation is an approach to solve this problem. In this report, we used stepwise biotransformation to synthesize two quercetin bisglycosides (quercetin 3-O-glucuronic acid 7-O-rhamnoside [Q-GR] and quercetin 3-O-arabinose 7-O-rhamnoside [Q-AR]) because quercetin O-rhamnosides contain antiviral activity. Two sequential enzymatic reactions were required to synthesize these flavonoid glycosides. We first synthesized quercetin 3-O-glucuronic acid [Q-G], and quercetin 3-O-arabinose [Q-A] from quercetin using E. coli harboring specific uridine diphopsphate glycosyltransferase (UGT) and genes for UDP-glucuronic acid and UDP-arabinose, respectively. With each quercetin 3-O-glycoside, rhamnosylation using E. coli harboring UGT and the gene for UDP-rhamnose was conducted. This approach resulted in the production of 44.8 mg/l Q-GR and 45.1 mg/l Q-AR. This stepwise synthesis could be applicable to synthesize various natural product derivatives in case that the final yield of product was low due to the multistep reaction in one cell or when sequential synthesis is necessary in order to reduce the synthesis of byproducts.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.27-29
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• 1967

Many investigators reported the mineral corticoid hormon-like action of Glycyrrhizin. The other investigators suggested concerning the glucocorticoid hormon-like action. Authors had been observed the glycogen content of the liver to make sure the relationship between glucocorticoid like action of Glycyrrhizin and glucose metabolism in the liver. There was significant increase in the liver glycogen content in rat fed Glycyrrhizin for two weeks, however it was confirmed that Glucuronic acid combined with Glucuronic was unable to make any influence to glycogen content. The relation concerning the effect of Glycyrrhizin on liver glycogen and its mechanism of action might be needed followup study.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.569-573
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• 2001

A pectic substance from citron peel was extracted with different methods to establish the optimum extraction conditions. The extraction yields of pectin with HCl, citrate and tartrate (concentration : 0.1 N, extraction ratio : 1 : 20) were 17.9%, 15.6% and 11.4%, respectively. Six times of 65% ethanol washing step was followed after first ethanol precipitation of acid extract for pure pectin. The degree of esterification (DE) of pectins was in the range of 43.0~47.6% and intrinsic viscosity was in the range of 0.94~2.63 (η$_{sp}$ /C (dL/g)). The sugar compositions such as rhamnose, xylose, glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, galactose and glucose were little different in three kinds of pectins except for the content of arabinose.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.179-183
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• 1981

An extracellular chitinase was purified from the culture fluid of Streptomyces sp. 115-5, and its inhibition mechanism by end product was studied. The activity of chitinase was suppressed by the reducing sugar as the reaction proceeded, and the activity was inhibited by the addition of D-glucose. Besides D-glucose, the rate of chitin hydrolysis was inhibited by D-glucuronic acid, D-sorbitol and D-xylose in the reaction system of the enzyme. it was found that the hydroxyl groups at the C-2, C-3 and C-4 position of D-glucose molecule play an important role in the inhibition of the chitinase activity. D-glucose was found to inhibit the enzyme activity by mixed type of competitive and non-competitive mode.

• Mycobiology
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.286-294
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• 2009

Heteropolysaccharides isolated from liquid cultures of nine Tremella species contained 0.3 to 1.2% protein, 2.7 to 5% ash, 0.9 to 3.4% acetyl groups, 76.5 to 84.2% carbohydrates and trace amounts of starch. The polysaccharides in aqueous solution were slightly acidic (pH 5.1 to 5.6). They consisted of the following monomeric sugars: fucose, ribose, xylose, arabinose, mannose, galactose, glucose and glucuronic acid. The backbones of the polysaccharide structures consisted of $\alpha$-(1$\rightarrow$3)-links while the side chains were $\beta$-linked.

• Journal of Korea Foresty Energy
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.38-44
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• 2004

The application of the dispersant is indispensable to the manufacture of Korean traditional paper (Hanji). However the mucilage of which extracted from Abelmoschus manihot root has viscosity drop problem in summertime and synthetic dispersant such as polyacrylamide (PAM) and polyethyleneoxide (PEO) have some problems that under the influence of the quality of. water, cohesion, and bad solubility. This study was carried out not only to develop new natural dispersant that can solve such problems but also to investigate the viscosity and papermaking characteristics of Hydrangea paniculata mucilage. There were no viscosity changes between control and treated mucilage that adjusted to pH 9, heated 6 hours at 40 $^{\circ}C$, and stored heating treatment one for a week at 5 $^{\circ}C$. The treatment of mucilage that adjusted to pH 9 and aged for 120 hours at 4$0^{\circ}C$ resulted in viscosity drop. In the hydrolysis of mucilage, galacturonic acid and glucuronic acid contents were decreased by heating and pH adjusting treatments. Wet web stripping quality and physical properties of Korean traditional paper, which used Hydrangea paniculatamucilage were same or superior to the Abelmoschus manihot root.