• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.250-256
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• 2004

Cordyceps possesses numerous health-promoting ingredients including hypoglycemic agents. The mechanism for the reduction of circulatory sugar content, however, is still not fully understand. In this study, 4-beta acetoxyscirpendiol (ASD) was purified from the methanolic extracts from fruiting bodies of Paecilomyces tenuipes. Na+/Glucose transporter-1 (SGLT-1) was expressed in the Xenopus oocytes. The effect of ASD on the oocyte expressed SGLT-1 was analyzed utilizing the voltage clamp and 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DOG) uptake studies. ASD was shown to significantly inhibit SGLT-1 activity compared to the non-treated control in a dose- dependent manner. In the presense of its two derivatives (diacetoxyscirpenol or 15-acetoxyscirpendiol), SGLT-1 activity was greatly inhibited similarly as ASD. Between ASD derivatives, 15-acetoxyscirepenol showed inhibition equivalent to that of ASD while diacetoxyscirpenol did less degree of inhibition. Insummary , these results strongly indicate that ASD in P. tenuipes may serve as a functional substance in lowering blood sugar in the circulatory system. ASD and its derivatives can be utilized as inhibitors of SGLT-1.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.233-238
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• 2008

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common complication during pregnancy and one of the main causes of adverse fetal-maternal outcomes. However, the pathogenesis of GDM has not been clearly stated. Adiponectin, an adipose tissue-derived plasma protein, is involved in regulation of insulin resistance and glucose hemostasis, and thus is a key modulator of insulin action and glucose metabolism. In this study, we investigated to compare serum adiponectin levels in pregnant women with diabetes, pregnant women who are without diabetes, and non-pregnant women, and to evaluate relationship between serum adiponectin. levels and metabolic parameters. Forty-one pregnant women with diabetes, fifty-nine pregnant women without diabetes and forty non-pregnancy women were recruited. Adiponectin levels were significantly lower in pregnant women with diabetes when compared to non-pregnant women and pregnant women without diabetes. Pregnant women without diabetes at second trimester had lower adiponectin levels compared to non-pregnant women. Adiponectin was negatively correlated with BMI, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, total cholesterol, and triglyceride. In conclusion, this study confirmed that the decreased level of adiponectin precedes the onset of abnormal glucose level during pregnancy and also normal pregnant women had lower adiponectin levels compared to non-pregnant women. This knowledge may help to identify strategies for lowering the occurrence of GDM in women who are at high risk of developing the disorder.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.167-171
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• 1989

The alcohol fermentation using glucose and lactose was carried out to study the effect of fermentation temperature on the ethanol tolerance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae STV89 and Kluyveromyces fragilis CBS397. The maximum specific growth rate and ethanol production rate were increased up to 35$^{\circ}C$ with the fermentation temperature, although maximum ethanol and cell concentration were decreased by increasing the fermentation temperature. The cell viability was also improved by lowering the fermentation temperature. Under the experimental conditions, the best ethanol tolerance of yeast strains was obtain at $25^{\circ}C$. The ethanol tolerance of S. cerevisiae is better than that of K. fragilis at the same fermentation condition. With respect to the carbon source, glucose is found to be more favorable for ethanol tolerance of K. fragilis than lactos.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.239-245
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• 2012

The inhibitory activities of a water extract of Sanghwang mushroom(Phellinus linteusau)(SWE) against ${\alpha}$-glucosidases were evaluated in this study. Inhibiting these enzymes involved in the absorption of disaccharides significantly decreases the postprandial increase in blood glucose level after a mixed carbohydrate diet. Oxygen radical absorbance capacity and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl scavenging activities of the SWE were evaluated to investigate the antioxidant activity of the SWE associated with complications of long-term diabetes. Furthermore, the postprandial blood glucose lowering effect of SWE was compared to a known type 2 diabetes drug($Acarbose^{(R)}$) in a Sprague-Dawley rat model. SWE significantly reduced the blood glucose increase after sucrose loading. These results suggest that SWE, which has high ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activity and high antioxidant activities, has the potential to contribute to a useful dietary strategy for controlling postprandial hyperglycemia.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.193-203
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• 2022

This study aimed to provide directions and implications for a future program by analyzing studies on diabetes programs from 2000 to 2020. Among the studies with control and experimental groups, the selected studies included ones that provided intervention to patients with diabetes and ones that contained descriptive statistics. Sixteen studies were selected to verify the effectiveness and homogeneity of the data coding meta-analysis. The overall effect size in the diabetes program combined estimate was 0.398 (95% CI: 0.268, 0.425, p=0.000). Among the dependent variables, fasting blood glucose (-0.616) and glycated hemoglobin (-0.442) showed median effect sizes, but the effect of fasting blood glucose was not statistically significant. In terms of the study design, non-randomized control trials (NRCTs) (-0.543) was more effective than randomized control trials (RCTs) (0.719). Among, the counseling and self-management program (-3.241) showed a very large effect size. Furthermore, the cognitive-behavioral (-0.828) and self-management (-0.482) programs were also found to have a positive effect on lowering fasting blood glucose. As the importance of diabetes management increases, further studies based on RCT should be actively performed, and differentiated and specialized diabetes intervention plans need to be established.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.246-259
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• 2010

The incidence of chronic disease is continuously increasing in Korea. Especially, office workers have higher risk of chronic disease because of their dietary habit and lifestyle. The study aimed to investigate the effect of tailored nutrition counseling on improving chronic disease risk factors. Ninety-nine male workers (age $46.9{\pm}7.0$ yrs) volunteered for 12 weeks of nutrition program containing dietary intake and physical activity adjustment. Five individualized programs were performed with the main theme of weight loss (WL, n = 16), blood pressure lowering (BL, n = 34), normalizing blood glucose (GL, n = 21), lipid lowering (LL, n = 13) and reducing MS risk factors (ML, n = 15). Anthropometric data, blood-pressure, self-reported questionnaire, blood profiles were measured before and after 12weeks of nutrition education. The education program included 5 times of 1：1 interview. Compared to 0 week, anthropometric data (weight, BMI, fat, visceral fat, waist, SBP, DBP) were significantly decreased after 12 weeks (p < 0.001). Fasting blood glucose and total cholesterol were decreased (p < 0.05). The primary outcomes with individually tailored programs showed to be more effective than one general nutrition program.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.86-97
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• 2021

Background: Panax ginseng Meyer has been used as a nourishing edible herb in East Asia for thousands of years. 25-OH-PPT was first discovered as a natural rare triterpenoid saponin in ginseng stems and leaves by our group. Research found that it showed strong inhibitory effects on α-glucosidase and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B, and protected cardiocytes (H9c2) through PI3K/Akt pathway. Methods: In the research, in order to optimize the 25-OH-PPT enrichment process, optimal macroporous resins and optimal purification conditions were studied. Meanwhile, the hypoglycemic effect and mechanism of 25-OH-PPT were evaluated by using STZ to establish insulin-dependent diabetic mice and the spontaneous type 2 diabetes DB/DB mice. Results and Conclusion: Research found that 25-OH-PPT can reduce blood glucose and enhance glucose tolerance in STZ model mice. It increases insulin sensitivity by upregulating GLUT4 and AMPK in skeletal muscle, and activating insulin signaling pathways. In DB/DB mice, 25-OH-PPT achieves hypoglycemic effects mainly by activating the insulin signaling pathway. Meanwhile, through the influence of liver inflammatory factors and lipids in serum, it can be seen that 25-OH-PPT has obvious anti-inflammatory and lipid-lowering effects. These results provide new insights into the study of ginseng as a functional food.

• Archives of Obesity and Metabolism
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.4-13
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• 2022

Currently, pharmacotherapy is becoming essential for obesity, owing to its expanding and increasing epidemiology. In this review, novel peptide-based drugs of four classes are covered: GLP-1 receptor agonist, GIP/GLP-1 receptor dual agonist, glucagon/GLP-1 receptor dual agonist, and a combination of amylin receptor agonist/GLP-1 receptor agonist. Semaglutide is a next-generation GLP-1 receptor agonist with a longer duration and stronger weight and glucose reduction effects than liraglutide and dulaglutide. In the STEP1 trial, semaglutide 2.4 mg reduced body weight by approximately 15% in people with obesity with similar or milder adverse events than liraglutide 3.0 mg. Tirzepatide, a GIP/GLP-1 receptor dual agonist, also has a long duration and strong weight- and glucose-lowering effect. According to SURPASS-2, 3, and 4, in patients with BMI≥25 kg/m² and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), tirzepatide 15 mg reduced the initial body weight by >13%. Cotadutide, a glucagon/GLP-1 receptor dual agonist, showed weaker weight-lowering effects than semaglutide and tirzepatide, while it was comparable to that of liraglutide in a phase 2 clinical trial for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with BMI≥25 kg/m² and T2DM. Additionally, its effect on the liver was noticeable. The long-acting amylin receptor agonist cargrilintide combined with semaglutide can be another effective option for obesity treatment. Even in a small phase 1 trial with a short study period of 20 weeks, cargrilintide 2.4 mg/semaglutide 2.4 mg reduced by 17% of initial body weight in people with BMI 27-39.9 kg/m². In coming several years, semaglutide, tirzepatide, and cargrilintide/semaglutide will become available for obesity treatment in Korea.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.34-39
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• 2005

This study examined the anti-diabetic effect of a silkworm extract in C57BL/6J mice, an ob/㏈ model, fed a high fat diet for 8 weeks. The body weight was not significantly different with the silkworm-extract supplement, nor did food intake and body weight gains also did not differ significantly among the high-fat diet groups. However, the water intake by the silkworm-extract supplemented groups increased significantly compared with that by the distilled-water supplement group, nonetheless, the FER did not differ significantly. For all groups, the blood glucose increased the most after 30 minutes and yet returned to a fasting level within 90 minutes. The fasting time and resulting glucose tolerance for the silkworm-extract supplemented groups were significantly decreased compared to that for the high fat diet with distilled water supplement group, while the level of blood glucose in silkworm-extract supplemented groups was significantly decreased compared with than in the diabetic control group. The HbA1c and insulin levels were no different among the groups. The sucrase and lactase activities in the proximal small intestine were significantly decreased in the silkworm-extract supplement groups compared to that in the diabetic control group. There was no significant difference in the glycogen contents in the liver and muscle among the groups. In conclusion, it was found that the silkworm-extract supplement repressed the disaccharidase activity in the small intestines mucosa of the C57BL/6J mice.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.37 no.9
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• pp.794-800
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• 2004

Deer Antler has been known for its traditional oriental medicinal properties and has been widely used to promote growth, boost immune function, treat blood loss and chronic joint pain. Recent study showed imported (New Zealand) Deer Antler was beneficial in reducing the side effects of cancer treatments. However, there was no intervention study conducted on the effect of Korean Deer Antler on reducing the oxidative stress to patients with diabetes. One of the sensitive ways to measure endogenous oxidative stress is by measuring cellular DNA damage using single cell gel electrophoresis (COMET assay). This study was conducted to investigate the possible beneficial effect of commercial Deer Antler drink (provided by Chung-yang Deer Farm) on lymphocyte DNA damage and blood glucose of diabetic patients. Ten patients (4 men, 6 women) participated in the study and consumed 2 pouches of Deer Antler drink every day for 20 days. Blood was collected on the morning before and after the intervention for lymphocyte isolation and blood glucose analysis. Both systolic and diastolic blood pressure showed a tendency to decrease but did not reach statistical significance after the trial. Blood glucose level was not affected by the supplementation. After the intervention, over 50% reduction were noted in the cellular DNA damage, expressed as tail length (TL) and tail moment (TM: tail length ${\times}$ percent tail DNA) . Although we did not obtain beneficial effect on lowering blood glucose levels in the patients, this results suggest that Deer Antler may initially act in protecting endogenous DNA damage in short-term experiment.