• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.3799-3804
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• 2014

Mycosporine-like 아미노산(MAAs)은 UV 흡수물질이며, 다양한 해양생물들은 MAAs의 합성과 축적을 통하여 환경자외선의 직 간접적인 영향을 감소시키는 기능을 진화시켜 왔다. 이 연구에서는 미세조류, Chlamydomonas hedleyi에 포도당 전달 단백질인 Glucose transporter 1(Glut-1) 유전자를 pCAM1303 벡터에 도입한 형질전환체를 제작하여, 형질전환체의 바이오매스를 최대로 증가시킬 수 있는 최적의 Glucose 농도와 NH4Cl농도를 결정하고, 고주파(Radiofrequency) 발생장치를 활용한 바이오매스 증가와 함께 MAA를 대량 생산할 수 있는 배양 조건을 확립하였다. 연구결과 고주파 처리를 통한 형질전환 미세조류는 4.13 mg/L(MAAs/DCW)으로 3.23 mg/L(MAAs/DCW)의 고주파 처리 없이 배양한 형질전환체보다 효율이 증가하였다. 이러한 결과는 자외선 A 흡수물질을 인위적으로 증폭시킬 수 있어서, 대량배양한 후 MAAs물질을 분리 및 정제하여 피부자극성이 없는 친환경적인 자외선 차단 화장품 산업화에 크게 기여할 수 있음을 의미한다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.637-643
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• 2013

We have demonstrated that 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) isolated from Bacillus subtilis MORI could enhance the levels of adiponectin and its receptors in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes, which has been shown to be effective in lowering blood glucose levels and enhancing insulin sensitivity. DNJ was not toxic to differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes for up to a concentration of $5{\mu}M$. In terms of expression levels of adiponectin and its receptors (AdipoR1 and AdipoR2), DNJ in concentrations as low as $0.5{\mu}M$ elevated both mRNA and protein levels of adiponectin and transcript levels of AdipoR1 and AdipoR2. In addition, DNJ increased phosphorylation of 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in a statistically significant manner. Finally, treatment with DNJ resulted in increased mRNA expression of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4), which encodes for a glucose transporter, along with a significant increase in glucose uptake into the adipocytes based on results of a 2-deoxy-D-[$^3H$] glucose uptake assay. Our findings indicate that DNJ may greatly facilitate glucose uptake into adipose tissues by increasing the action of adiponectin via its up-regulated expression as well as its receptor genes. In addition, the glucose-lowering effects of DNJ may be achieved by an increased abundance of GLUT4 protein in the plasma membrane, as a consequence of the increased transcript levels of the GLUT4 gene and the activation of AMPK.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.7-12
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• 2010

S. cerevisias의 치명적인 약점인 xylose 또는 arabinose가 상당부분을 차지하는 hemicellulose 기수분해물인 오탄당 발효의 극히 낮은 효율은 유전자 변형 및 대사적 흐름을 조절하여 세포 내로의 오탄당 섭취 및 활용 증가를 위한 연구가 꾸준히 진행되고 있다. S. cerevisie에서 오탄당은 육탄당보다 1-2 배 낮은 친화력을 가지고 있어, 오탄당 운반은 이를 이용한 바이오에탄올 발효에 있어서 중요한 초기 조절 단계이다. 오탄당 이용가능 S. cereivsiae에서 오탄당 운반기의 발현 관련 소수의 연구가 보고되고는 있으나 아직까지 눈에 띠는 효율 증기눈 보교되지 않았다. 최근 보고된 S. cerevisiae에서 C. intermeda 유래의 glucose/xylose의 확산을 용이하게 하는 운반기와 공동수송기의 이종발현이 처음으로 활성화 되었음이 보고 되었다. 따라서 그러므로 높은 친화력의 xylose 운반기의 발현은 이미 xylose로 부터 바이오에탄올 발효공정은 최적화되어 있지만 여전히 몇 가지 제한 요소들을 가지고 있는 S. cerevisiae 균주들의 xylsoe 발효공정 효율 향상에 큰 기여를 할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.111-118
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• 2017

Objective: Adipose tissue plays a key role in the development of obesity and diabetes. We previously reported that lignosulfonic acid suppresses the rise in blood glucose levels through the inhibition of ${\alpha}$-glucosidase activity and intestinal glucose absorption. The purpose of this study is to examine further biological activities of lignosulfonic acid. Methods: In this study, we examined the effect of lignosulfonic acid on differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells. Results: While lignosulfonic acid inhibited proliferation (mitotic clonal expansion) after induction of differentiation, lignosulfonic acid significantly increased the size of accumulated lipid droplets in the cells. Semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that lignosulfonic acid increased the expression of the adipogenic transcription factor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ($PPAR{\gamma}$), leading to increased glucose transporter 4 (Glut-4) expression and 2-deoxyglucose uptake in differentiated 3T3-L1 cells. Additionally, feeding lignosulfonic acid to diabetic KK-Ay mice suppressed increase of blood glucose level. Conclusion: Lignosulfonic acid may be useful as a functional anti-diabetic component of food.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.565-574
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• 2021

Background: Saengmaeksan (SMS) is a traditional Korean medicine composed of three herbs, Panax ginseng, Schisandra chinensis, and Liriope platyphylla. SMS is used to treat respiratory and cardiovascular disorders. However, whether SMS exerts antihyperuricemic effects is unknown. Methods: Effects of the SMS extract in water (SMS-W) and 30% ethanol (SMS-E) were studied in a rat model of potassium oxonate-induced hyperuricemia. Uric acid concentrations and xanthine oxidase (XO) activities were evaluated in the serum, urine, and hepatic tissue. Using renal histopathology to assess kidney function and uric acid excretion, we investigated serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen concentrations, as well as protein levels of renal urate transporter 1 (URAT1), glucose transporter 9 (GLUT9), and organic anion transporter 1 (OAT1). The effects of SMS on in vitro XO activity and uric acid uptake were also evaluated. The components of SMS were identified using Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC). Results: SMS-E reduced serum uric acid and creatinine concentrations, and elevated urine uric acid excretion. SMS-E lowered XO activities in both the serum and liver, and downregulated the expression of renal URAT1 and GLUT9 proteins. SMS-E reduced renal inflammation and IL-1b levels in both the serum and kidneys. SMS-E inhibited both in vitro XO activity and urate uptake in URAT1-expressing oocytes. Using UPLC, 25 ginsenosides were identified, all of which were present in higher levels in SMS-E than in SMS-W. Conclusion: SMS-E exhibited antihyperuricemic effects by regulating XO activity and renal urate transporters, providing the first evidence of its applicability in the treatment of hyperuricemia and gout.

• 약학회지
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.345-350
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• 2006

The pharmacological properties of ginseng are mainly attributed to ginsenosides, the active constituents that are found in the extracts of different species of ginseng. Lately; the studies on ginsenosides are mainly focused on IH-901, a major intestinal bacterial metabolite of ginsenosides. In this study; we examined the anti-diabetic activity of IH-901 in C57BU61 db/db mice model. IH-901 was administrated orally at a dose of 20 mg/kg for 5 weeks. During the experimental period, body weight and blood glucose levels were measured every week. After 5 weeks, db/db mice were sacrificed and diabetic parameters were analyzed. IH-901 treated group showed a significant decrease in fasting blood glucose levels (from 10.5 mM to 9.4 mM), insulin resistance index (from 163.6 to 100.2) and triglyceride levels (from 115.3 to 70.1) compared to the diabetic control. In Pancreatic islets morphology; IH-901 treated group revealed much less infltrated mononuclear cells, indicating that IH-901 recovered ${\beta}$-cell damage due to hyperglycemia. In addition, IH-901 upregulated expressions of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) and PPAR-${\gamma}$ in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, respectively. Taken together IH-901might be a potential anti-hyperglycemic agent with insulin sensitizing effect.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.341-354
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• 2021

Cardamonin (CARD) is a chalconoid with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, and it is present in several plants. We sought to explore whether CARD exerts any positive effects against hyperglycemia-induced testicular dysfunction caused by type 2 diabetes and aimed to identify its possible intracellular pathways. Adult male rats were subdivided into six groups: control, CARD, diabetic (DM), DM + glibenclamide (GLIB), DM + CARD and DM + GLIB + CARD. Type 2 DM induced a significant increase in blood glucose and insulin resistance, along with diminished serum insulin, testosterone and gonadotropins levels, which were associated with the impairment of key testicular androgenic enzymes and cellular redox balance. Administration of CARD at a dose of 80 mg/kg for 4 weeks effectively normalized all of these alterations, and the improvement was confirmed by epididymal sperm analysis. After treatment with CARD, the pathological changes in spermatogenic tubules were markedly improved. Significantly, CARD upregulated testicular glucose transporter-8 (GLUT-8) expression and had inhibitory effects on elevated autophagy markers and caspase-3 immunoreactive cells. Furthermore, our results revealed that CARD was able to attenuate damage via activation of Nrf2 through the p62-dependent degradation of testicular anti-Kelch-like ECH-associated protein-1 (Keap-1). In conclusion, this study suggests that CARD provides protection against diabetic stress-mediated testicular damage. The use of CARD with conventional anti-diabetic therapy was associated with improved efficacy compared with conventional therapy alone.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.760-765
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• 1998

연구배경: 암세포에서 포도당의 유입이 증가되어 있다는 사실이 오래 전부터 알려져 왔고 이런 현상을 이용하여 FDG-PET 영상이 암의 진단에 이용되고 있다. 그러나, 암세포에서 포도당 유입이 증가하는 기전에 대해서는 모르고 있다. 최근, 여러 연구에서 소화기계의 악성종양과 두경부종양에서 포도당 운반체의 mRNA 의 존재가 증명되었고, 포도당 운반체가 암세포에서의 포도당 유입 증가와 관련이 있을 가능성을 시사하였다. 폐암에서도 포도당대사가 항진되어 있다. 저자등은 폐암에서의 포도당 유입이 증가하는 기전에 대해 알아 보기 위하여 사람 폐암세포주에서 포도당 mRNA의 발현여부를 확인하였다. 방 법: 15종의 사람 폐암 세포주와 불멸화시킨 기관지 상피세포주에서 total RNA를 추출하였다. $20{\mu}g$의 total RNA를 전기영동시킨후, 포도당 운반체 1형과 3 형에 대한 cDNA를 probe로 Northern blot analysis를 시행하였다. 결 과: 14종의 사람 폐암 세포주중에서 13종에서 포도당 운반체 1형의 mRNA 발현을 확인하였고, 14종의 사람 폐암 세포주중에서 10종에서 포도당 운반체 3형의 mRNA 발현을 확인하였다. 불멸화시킨 기관지 상피세포주의 포도당 운반체 1형의 mRNA 발현을 확인할 수 있었고 3형의 mRNA 발현은 확인할 수 없었다. 결 론: 폐암에서 포도당 대사의 증가는 포도당 운반체 1형과 3형의 발현과 관련이 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.101-108
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• 2018

Objectives : This study aimed to effects antioxidant activity of citrus peel extract (CPE) and effect on its glucose metabolism in L6 rat skeletal muscle cells. Methods : Antioxidative activities were evaluated by using 10 kinds of natural materials, and total polyphenol and flavonoid contents were examined. The L6 muscle cells toxicity of CPE was examined by MTT assay. Expression of glucose-related genes in L6 muscle cells by CPE treatment was analyzed by real-time PCR and western blotting. Results : The $IC_{50}$ values of DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging activity of CPE were ($15.47{\pm}0.26{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ and $12.07{\pm}1.23{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, respectively), effectively clearing DPPH and ABTS. CPE showed total polyphenol and flavonoid contents ($20.30{\pm}0.38$ and $64.20{\pm}0.52$, respectively). The selected CPE were used in experiments using an effective concentration that is not toxic in L6 muscle cells. We investigated insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory (PI3KR), Akt, and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4). mRNA analysis by realtime PCR showed no significant difference, but CPE-treated cells showed a tendency to increase in concentration-dependent manner. However, analysis of protein expression of Akt and GLUT4 by western blotting showed that CPE treatment significantly increased concentration dependent (p<0.001). Conclusions : As a result, citrus peel extract with high antioxidant activity regulates glucose metabolism in L6 muscle cells. Therefore, CPE can be a potential treatment for the treatment of diabetes.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.74-78
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• 2004

Paecilomyces tenuipes, a caterpillar fungus, contains many health-promoting ingredients. Recent reports indicate that consumption of P. tenuipes helps reducing blood sugar content for diabetes. Mechanism for reduction in the circulatory sugar content, however, still remains least understood. Methanolic extraction of P. tenuipes (MPT) was prepared and acetoxyscirpendiol (ASD) was subsequently purified limn MPT. Glucose transporter-1 (GLUT-1) was expressed in the Xenopus oocytes and the effect of MPT or ASD on the expressed GLUT-1 was analyzed according to the uptake of 2-dideoxy-D-glucose (2-DOG). MPT was shown to inhibit GLUT-1 activity significant1y compared to the non-treated control. In the presence of ASD and its derivatives, GLUT-1 activity was greatly inhibited in a dose-dependent manner. Among ASD and its derivatives, AS-1 showed most significant inhibition. Taken together, these results strongly indicate that ASD in P. tenuipes may serve as a functional substance in lowering blood sugar in the circulatory system. ASD and its derivatives can be utilized as inhibitors of GLUT-1.